1、Designation: B 495 05Standard Specification forZirconium and Zirconium Alloy Ingots1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers six grades of zirconium ingots.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded separately as s
3、tandard. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. SI values cannot be mixedwith inch-pound values.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 10, of this specification: Thisst
4、andard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
5、STM Standards:2E114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-BeamExamination by the Contact Method3. Terminology3.1 Lot Definitions:3.1.1 castings, na lot shall consist of all castings producedfrom the same pour.3.1.2 ingot, nno definition required.3.1.3 rounds, flats, tubes, and wrought powder m
6、etallurgicalproducts (single definition, common to nuclear and non-nuclear standards), na lot shall consist of a material of thesame size, shape, condition, and finish produced from the sameingot or powder blend by the same reduction schedule and thesame heat treatment parameters. Unless otherwise a
7、greedbetween manufacturer and purchaser, a lot shall be limited tothe product of an 8 h period for final continuous anneal, or toa single furnace load for final batch anneal.3.1.4 sponge, na lot shall consist of a single blendproduced at one time.3.1.5 weld fittings, ndefinition is to be mutually ag
8、reedupon between manufacturer and the purchaser.4. Classification4.1 The ingots are furnished in six grades as follows:4.1.1 Grade R60700Low oxygen unalloyed zirconium.4.1.2 Grade R60702 Unalloyed zirconium.4.1.3 Grade R60703 Unalloyed zirconium, metallurgicalgrade.4.1.4 Grade R60704 Zirconium-tin a
9、lloy.4.1.5 Grade R60705 Zirconium-niobium alloy.4.1.6 Grade R60706 Zirconium-niobium alloy.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-clude the following information:5.1.1 Quantity (weight),5.1.2 Name of material (zirconium ingot),5.1.3 Grade number (Section 4)
10、,5.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.5 Finish (Section 8), and5.1.6 Additions to the specification and supplementary re-quirements, if required.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 10,000-lb zirco-nium ingot, machine conditioned, ASTM B 495, dated _, Grade R60702.6. Materials
11、 and Manufacture6.1 The ingots covered by this specification shall be manu-factured by electron beam, vacuum, or inert atmospheremelting in furnaces conventionally used for reactive metals.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed
12、in Table 1.7.2 When requested by the purchaser, a check analysis shallbe performed for any elements listed in Table 1.7.2.1 The manufacturers analysis shall be considered asverified if the check analysis confirms the manufacturersreported values within the tolerances prescribed in Table 2.1This spec
13、ification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved
14、in 2001 as B 495 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
15、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 Ingots shall be conditioned by machining, grinding, orsurface fusion to remove gross surface and subsurface defectsdetrimental to subsequent fabrication.8.2 After conditioning has been
16、 completed, no abruptchanges in diameter or local depressions that will impairsubsequent fabrication shall be permitted. The differencebetween the maximum and minimum radii of the conditionedingot shall not exceed 20 % of the maximum radius, exceptwithin 6 in. 150 mm of the ends of the ingot where r
17、oundingis permissible. Lands, grooves, and local depressions shall beblended to a maximum angle of 30 to the axis of the ingot.Each end of the ingot shall be chamfered or radiused. Theminimum chamfer or radius shall be12 in. 12 mm.9. Number of Tests and Retests9.1 At least one sample from the top, m
18、iddle, and bottom ofeach ingot shall be analyzed chemically.9.2 An ultrasonic test shall be conducted on each ingot.9.3 Retests:9.3.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious contami-nation, improper preparation, or flaws disqualifying it as arepresentative sample, it should be discarded and a new
19、 sampleor specimen substituted.9.3.2 If the results of any test are not in conformance withthe requirements of this specification, the ingot may be retestedat the option of the manufacturer. The ingot shall be acceptableif results of all retests following the initial test conform to thisspecificatio
20、n.10. Test Methods10.1 Ultrasonic Test Inspect the ingots ultrasonically bythe methods described in 10.1.1 and 10.1.2 unless otherwiseagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.10.1.1 Standardization Conduct the test in accordancewith Practice E114. The search unit shall be a longitudina
21、lbeam transducer, operated at a frequency of 214 MHz using asuitable couplant with the piece being tested. Standardize thesearch unit on a test block, setting the back-reflection equal to100 %. The test block shall be of the same approximatediameter and surface condition as the ingot. Standardizatio
22、n isrequired before the inspection begins on the ingot. Make twotraverses along the length of the cylindrical ingot surface 90apart.10.1.2 Acceptance StandardsUse an acceptance standardcontaining a minimum of three holes, each 0.093 in. 2.36 mmin diameter, at locations approximating the center, the
23、mid-radius, and within 10 % of the back surface. If an indicationgreater than the indication from the 0.093 in. 2.36 mm hole atthe nearest approximate depth is observed, remove the ingotdefect. Note that the mid-radius hole can represent both the14and34 diameter depths. If the back reflection is bet
24、ween 50 and95 %, increase the gain to bring the back reflection up to 100and inspect the trace indication to observe any internal reflec-tions greater than the indication from the reference standard.Again, remove such defects. Following such amplitude adjust-ment and inspection, recalibrate the sear
25、ch unit on the testblock to continue testing. A maximum of 10 of the length ofthe ingot may consist of nonparallel sides such that the backreflection is not at least 50 %, provided each increment is notmore than 3 in. 75 mm in length and each increment isseparated by an increment at least 3 in. 75 m
26、m long in whichthe back reflection is a minimum of 50 % when calibrated inaccordance with 10.1.1.10.2 Chemical Tests Conduct the chemical analysis by thestandard techniques normally used by the manufacturer.11. Inspection11.1 The manufacturer shall inspect the material covered bythis specification p
27、rior to shipment and, on request, shallfurnish the purchaser with certificates of test. If so specified inthe purchase order, the purchaser or his representative maywitness the testing and inspection of the material at the place ofTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAElementComposition, %UNS Grade Designat
28、ionR60700 R60702 R60703 R60704 R60705 R60706Zirconium + hafnium,min99.2 99.2 98.0 97.5 95.5 95.5Hafnium, max 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5Iron + chromium 0.2 max 0.2 max . 0.2 to 0.4 0.2 max 0.2 maxTin . . . 1.00 to 2.00 . .Hydrogen, max 0.004 0.004 . 0.005 0.005 0.005Nitrogen, max 0.020 0.020 . 0.025 0.0
29、25 0.025Carbon, max 0.05 0.05 . 0.05 0.05 0.05Niobium . . . . 2.0 to 3.0 2.0 to 3.0Oxygen, max 0.10 0.16 . 0.18 0.18 0.16ABy agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, analysis may be acquired and limits established for elements and compounds not specified in the tableof chemical composit
30、ions.TABLE 2 Permissible Variation in Check Analysis BetweenDifferent LaboratoriesElementPermissible Variationin Check Analysis, %Hydrogen 0.005Nitrogen 0.01Carbon 0.02Hafnium 0.1Iron + chromium 0.03Tin 0.05Niobium 0.05Oxygen 0.02B495052manufacture. In such cases, the purchaser shall state in hispur
31、chase order which tests he desires to witness. The manu-facturer shall give ample notice to the purchaser as to the timeand place of the designated tests. If the purchasers represen-tative does not present himself at the time agreed upon for thetesting, the manufacturer shall consider the requiremen
32、t for thepurchasers inspection at the place of manufacture to bewaived.11.2 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-ing the purchaser, without charge, all reasonable facilities tosatisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification. This inspection shal
33、l be so conducted asnot to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissa
34、tisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, aproducers or suppliers certification shall be furnished to thepurchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled, tested,and ins
35、pected in accordance with this specification and hasbeen found to meet the requirements. When specified in thepurchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall befurnished.14. Referee14.1 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformance of the ma
36、terial to therequirements of this specification or any special test specifiedby the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall performthe tests in question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining conformance of the material to thisspecification.15. Packaging and Package
37、Marking15.1 Each ingot shall be metal die stamped on the top withthe manufacturers ingot number. Each box or skid shall bemarked or tagged legibly and conspicuously with the followinginformation: name; brand or trademark of the manufacturer;name of the material; gross, net, and tare weights; nominal
38、diameter; and ASTM designation.15.2 Ingots shall be boxed or banded on skids in such amanner as to ensure safe delivery to their destination whenproperly transported by any common carrier.16. Keywords16.1 ingot; zirconium; zirconium alloyASTM International takes no position respecting the validity o
39、f any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to
40、 revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.
41、Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is c
42、opyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B495053
