1、Designation: B 734 97 (Reapproved 2003)e1Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Copper for Engineering Uses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 734; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTESection 6.8.1 was editorially updated in May 2003.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodepos-ited
3、coatings of copper used for engineering purposes. Ex-amples include surface hardening, heat treatment stop-off, asan underplate for other engineering coatings, for electromag-netic interferences (EMI) shielding in electronic circuitry, andin certain joining operations.1.2 This specification is not i
4、ntended for electrodepositedcopper when used as a decorative finish, or as an undercoat forother decorative finishes.1.3 This specification is not intended for electrodepositedcopper when used for electroforming.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:B 183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon S
5、teel forElectroplating2B 242 Practice for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel forElectroplating2B 254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating onStainless Steel2B 320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-plating2B 322 Practice for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating2B 374 Ter
6、minology Relating to Electroplating2B 487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and OxideCoating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of aCross Section2B 499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis Metals2B 504 Test Method fo
7、r Measurement of Thickness of Me-tallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method2B 507 Practice for Design of Articles to Be Electroplated onRacks2B 555 Guide for Measurement of Electrodeposited MetallicCoating Thicknesses by the Dropping Test2B 567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby the B
8、eta Backscatter Method2B 568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby X-Ray Spectrometry2B 571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of MetallicCoatings2B 588 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Trans-parent or Opaque Coatings by Double-Beam InterferenceMicroscope Technique2B 6
9、02 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic andInorganic Coatings2B 659 Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic andInorganic Coatings2B 678 Test Method for Solderability of Metallic-CoatedProducts2B 697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspectionof Electrodeposited Metallic and Inor
10、ganic Coatings2B 762 Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic and Inor-ganic Coatings2B 765 Guide for Selection of Porosity Tests for Electrode-posits and Related Metallic Coatings2B 832 Guide for Electroforming with Nickel and Copper2B 849 Specification for Pre-Treatments of Iron or Steel forReduci
11、ng Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement2B 850 Guide for Post-Coating Treatments of Steel for Re-ducing the Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement2B 851 Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peeningof Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Auto Catalytic Nickel,or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish2D 3951 Prac
12、tice for Commercial Packaging3F 519 Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittle-ment Evaluation of Plating Processes and Service Environ-ments42.2 Military Standard:MIL-R-81841 Rotary Flap Peening of Metal Parts5MIL-S-13165 Shot Peening of Metal Parts5MIL-W-81840 Rotary Flap Peening Wheels51This s
13、pecification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 onMetallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB08.08.01 on Engineering Coatings.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1
14、997 as B 734 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM Internation
15、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 significant surfacesthose surfaces normally visible(directly or by reflection) that are essential to the appearance orserviceability of the a
16、rticle when assembled in a normalposition; or which can be the source of corrosion products thatdeface visible surfaces on the assembled article. When neces-sary, the significant surface shall be indicated on the drawing ofthe article, or by the provision of suitably marked samples.NOTE 1When signif
17、icant surfaces are involved on which the specifiedthickness of coating cannot readily be controlled, such as threads, holes,deep recesses, and bases of angles, it will be necessary to apply thickercoatings on the more accessible surfaces, or to use special racking or both.3.1.2 inspection lota colle
18、ction of coated articles that; areof the same type; have been produced to the same specifica-tions; have been coated by a single supplier at one time, or atapproximately the same time, under essentially identical con-ditions; and are submitted for acceptance or rejection as agroup.3.2 DefinitionsFor
19、 definitions of the technical terms usedin this specification see Terminology B 374.4. Classification4.1 The electrodeposited copper is classified according tothickness of the electrodeposit in the following table:Class Minimum Thickness, m25 2520 2012 1255x Thickness specifiedNOTE 2For electroformi
20、ng applications, that require much thickerapplications, see Guide B 832.5. Ordering Information5.1 The buyer shall supply to the producer in the purchaseorder or engineering drawings; marked samples or othergoverning documents the following information:5.1.1 Title, ASTM designation number (Specifica
21、tionB 734), and date of issue.5.1.2 Classification or thickness of electrodeposited copper(see 4.1),5.1.3 Significant surfaces if other than defined in 3.1.1,5.1.4 Sampling plan (Section 7),5.1.5 Number of test specimens for destructive testing(Section 8), and5.1.6 Thickness, adhesion, solderability
22、, porosity and num-ber of pores acceptable, or hydrogen embrittlement tests andmethods required (Section 8).5.2 Where required, dimensional tolerances allowed for thespecified electroplated copper thickness shall be specified.5.3 In addition to the requirements of 5.1 and when the partsto be electro
23、plated are supplied to the electroplater by thebuyer, the buyer shall also supply the following information asrequired.5.3.1 Identity of the base material by alloy identificationsuch as ASTM, AISI, or SAE numbers, or equivalent compo-sition information,5.3.2 Hardness of the parts, and5.3.3 Heat trea
24、tment for stress relief, whether it has beenperformed or is required.5.4 If required by either party, the manufacturer of the partsto be electroplated shall provide the electroplating facility withseparate test specimens (see section 8.1).6. Coating Requirements6.1 AppearanceThe coating on the signi
25、ficant surfaces ofthe product shall be smooth and free of visual defects such asblisters, pits, roughness, cracks, flaking, burned deposits, anduncoated areas. The boundaries of electroplating that coveronly a portion of the surface shall, after finishing as indicatedin the drawing, be free of beads
26、, nodules, jagged edges andother detrimental irregularities. Imperfections and variations inappearance in the coating that arise from surface conditions ofthe basis metal (scratches, pores, roll marks, inclusions, etc.)and that persist in the finish despite the observance of goodmetal finishing prac
27、tices shall not be cause for rejection.NOTE 3Electroplated finishes generally perform better when thesubstrate over which they are applied is smooth and free of deep scratches,torn metal, pores, inclusions, and other defects. It is recommended that thespecifications covering the unfinished product p
28、rovide limits for thesedefects. A metal finisher can often remove defects through specialtreatments such as grinding, polishing, abrasive blasting, and specialchemical treatments. However, these are not normal treatment steps.When they are desired, they must be agreed upon between the buyer andthe p
29、roducer.6.2 ThicknessThe thickness of the copper coating on thesignificant surfaces shall conform to the requirements of thespecified class as defined in Section 4.NOTE 4Variation in the coating thickness from point-to-point on acoated article is an inherent characteristic of electroplating processe
30、s.Therefore, the coating thickness will have to exceed the specified value atsome points on the significant surfaces to ensure that the thickness equalsor exceeds the specified value at all points. As a result, the average coatingthickness on an article will usually be greater than the specified val
31、ue; howmuch greater is largely determined by the shape of the article (see PracticeB 507) and the characteristics of the electroplating process. Additionally,the average coating thickness on an article will vary from article to articlewithin a production lot. Therefore, if all of the articles in a p
32、roduction lotare to meet the thickness requirement, the average coating thickness of theproduction lot as a whole will be greater than the average necessary toensure that a single article meets the requirements.NOTE 5When electroplating threaded parts such as machine screws,care is required to avoid
33、 too much plate buildup on the crest of the thread.In such applications a maximum plate thickness allowable on the crestsmay require that thicknesses in other areas be thinner.6.3 PorosityWhen specified, the coating shall be suffi-ciently free of pores to pass the porosity test specified in 8.4.6.4
34、SolderabilityWhen specified, the coating shall meetthe requirements of Test Method B 678.6.5 Pretreatment of Iron and Steel for Reducing the Risk ofHydrogen EmbrittlementParts for critical applications thatare made of steels with ultimate tensile strengths of 1000 MPa,hardness of 31 HRC or greater,
35、that have been machined,ground, cold formed, or cold straightened subsequent to heattreatment, shall require stress relief heat treatment whenspecified by the purchaser, the tensile strength to be suppliedby the purchaser. Specification B 849 may be consulted for alist of pretreatments that are used
36、 widely.B 734 97 (2003)e126.6 Post Coating Treatment of Iron and Steel for Reducingthe Risk of Hydrogen EmbrittlementParts for critical appli-cations that are made of steels with ultimate tensile strengths of1000 MPa, hardness of 31 HRC or greater, as well as surfacehardened parts, shall require pos
37、t coating hydrogen embrittle-ment relief baking when specified by the purchaser, the tensilestrength to be supplied by the purchaser. Specification B 850may be consulted for a list of post treatments that are usedwidely.6.7 Peening of Metal PartsIf peening is required beforeelectroplating to induce
38、residual compressive stress to increasefatique strength and resistance to stress corrosion cracking ofthe metal parts, refer to MIL-S-13165, MIL-R-81841, MIL-W-81840, and Specification B 851.6.8 Supplementary Requirements:6.8.1 PackagingIf packaging requirements are to be metunder this specification
39、, they shall be in accordance withPractice D 3951, or as specified in the contract or order.(WarningSome contemporary packaging materials mayemit fumes that are deleterious to the surface of the coating.)7. Sampling7.1 The sampling plan used for the inspection of a quantityof the coated articles sha
40、ll be as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.NOTE 6Usually, when a collection of coated articles, the inspectionlot (7.2), is examined for compliance with the requirements placed on thearticles, a relatively small number of the articles, the sample, is selected atrandom and is inspected.
41、 The inspection lot then is classified as complyingor not complying with the requirements based on the results of theinspection of the sample. The size of the sample and the criteria ofcompliance are determined by the application of statistics. The procedureis known as sampling inspection. Three sta
42、ndards, Test Method B 602,Guide B 697, and Method B 762 contain sampling plans that are designedfor the sampling inspection of coatings. Test Method B 602 contains foursampling plans, three for use with tests that are non-destructive and onewhen they are destructive. The buyer and seller may agree o
43、n the plan orplans to be used. If they do not, Test Method B 602 identifies the plan tobe used. Guide B 697 provides a large number of plans and also givesguidance in the selection of a plan. When Guide B 697 is specified, thebuyer and seller need to agree on the plan to be used. Methods B 762 canbe
44、 used only for coating requirements that have numerical limit, such ascoating thickness. The test must yield a numerical value and certainstatistical requirements must be met. Methods B 762 contains severalplans and also gives instructions for calculating plans to meet specialneeds. The buyer and th
45、e seller may agree on the plan or plans to be used.If they do not, Methods B 762 identifies the plan to be used.NOTE 7When both destructive and non-destructive tests exist for themeasurement of a characteristic, the purchaser needs to state which is tobe used so that the proper sampling plan is sele
46、cted. A test may destroy thecoating but in a non-critical area; or, although it may destroy the coating,a tested part can be reclaimed by stripping and recoating. The purchaserneeds to state whether the test is to be considered destructive ornon-destructive.7.2 An inspection lot shall be defined as
47、a collection ofcoated articles that are of the same kind, that have beenproduced to the same specifications, that have been coated bya single supplier at one time, or at approximately the same timeunder essentially identical conditions, and that are submittedfor acceptance or rejection as a group.7.
48、3 If special test specimens are used to represent the coatedarticles in a test, the number used shall be that required in 8.1.1.8. Test Methods8.1 The permission or the requirement to use special testspecimens, the number to be used, the material from whichthey are to be made, and their shape and si
49、ze shall be stated bythe purchaser.NOTE 8Test specimens often are used to represent the coated articlesin a test if the articles are of a size, shape, or material that is not suitablefor the test, or if it is preferred not to submit articles to a destructive testbecause, for example, the articles are expensive or few in number. Thespecimen should duplicate the characteristics of the article that influencethe property being tested.8.1.1 Special test specimens used to represent articles in anadhesion, porosity, corrosion resistance, or appearance testshall be made o
