1、Designation: B 734 97 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Copper for Engineering Uses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 734; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodepos-ited coatings of copper used for engineering purposes. Ex-amples
3、 include surface hardening, heat treatment stop-off, asan underplate for other engineering coatings, for electromag-netic interferences (EMI) shielding in electronic circuitry, andin certain joining operations.1.2 This specification is not intended for electrodepositedcopper when used as a decorativ
4、e finish, or as an undercoat forother decorative finishes.1.3 This specification is not intended for electrodepositedcopper when used for electroforming.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-platingB 374 Terminology Relating to Electro
5、platingB 487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and OxideCoating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of CrossSectionB 499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis MetalsB 504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-
6、tallic Coatings by the Coulometric MethodB 507 Practice for Design ofArticles to Be Electroplated onRacksB 568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby X-Ray SpectrometryB 571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of MetallicCoatingsB 588 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Tra
7、ns-parent or Opaque Coatings by Double-Beam InterferenceMicroscope TechniqueB 602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB 678 Test Method for Solderability of Metallic-CoatedProductsB 697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspectionof Electrodeposited Metallic a
8、nd Inorganic CoatingsB 762 Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB 765 Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross DefectTests for Electrodeposits and Related Metallic CoatingsB 832 Guide for Electroforming with Nickel and CopperB 849 Specification for Pre-Treatments of Ir
9、on or Steel forReducing Risk of Hydrogen EmbrittlementB 850 Guide for Post-Coating Treatments of Steel for Re-ducing the Risk of Hydrogen EmbrittlementB 851 Specification forAutomated Controlled Shot Peeningof Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel,or Chromium Plating, or as Final F
10、inishD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF 519 Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittle-ment Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and ServiceEnvironments2.2 Military Standard:MIL-R-81841 Rotary Flap Peening of Metal Parts3MIL-S-13165 Shot Peening of Metal Parts3MIL-W-81840 Rotary Flap Pe
11、ening Wheels33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 significant surfacesthose surfaces normally visible(directly or by reflection) that are essential to the appearance orserviceability of the article when assembled in a normalposition; or which can be the source of co
12、rrosion products thatdeface visible surfaces on the assembled article. When neces-sary, the significant surface shall be indicated on the drawing ofthe article, or by the provision of suitably marked samples.NOTE 1When significant surfaces are involved on which the specifiedthickness of coating cann
13、ot readily be controlled, such as threads, holes,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 onMetallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB08.08.01 on Engineering Coatings.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Or
14、iginallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B 734 97 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary p
15、age onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.deep recesses, and bases of ang
16、les, it will be necessary to apply thickercoatings on the more accessible surfaces, or to use special racking or both.3.1.2 inspection lota collection of coated articles that; areof the same type; have been produced to the same specifica-tions; have been coated by a single supplier at one time, or a
17、tapproximately the same time, under essentially identical con-ditions; and are submitted for acceptance or rejection as agroup.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of the technical terms usedin this specification see Terminology B 374.4. Classification4.1 The electrodeposited copper is classified accordin
18、g tothickness of the electrodeposit in the following table:Class Minimum Thickness, m25 2520 2012 1255x Thickness specifiedNOTE 2For electroforming applications, that require much thickerapplications, see Guide B 832.5. Ordering Information5.1 The buyer shall supply to the producer in the purchaseor
19、der or engineering drawings; marked samples or othergoverning documents the following information:5.1.1 Title, ASTM designation number (SpecificationB 734), and date of issue.5.1.2 Classification or thickness of electrodeposited copper(see 4.1),5.1.3 Significant surfaces if other than defined in 3.1
20、.1,5.1.4 Sampling plan (Section 7),5.1.5 Number of test specimens for destructive testing(Section 8), and5.1.6 Thickness, adhesion, solderability, porosity and num-ber of pores acceptable, or hydrogen embrittlement tests andmethods required (Section 8).5.2 Where required, dimensional tolerances allo
21、wed for thespecified electroplated copper thickness shall be specified.5.3 In addition to the requirements of 5.1 and when the partsto be electroplated are supplied to the electroplater by thebuyer, the buyer shall also supply the following information asrequired.5.3.1 Identity of the base material
22、by alloy identificationsuch as ASTM, AISI, or SAE numbers, or equivalent compo-sition information,5.3.2 Hardness of the parts, and5.3.3 Heat treatment for stress relief, whether it has beenperformed or is required.5.4 If required by either party, the manufacturer of the partsto be electroplated shal
23、l provide the electroplating facility withseparate test specimens (see section 8.1).6. Coating Requirements6.1 AppearanceThe coating on the significant surfaces ofthe product shall be smooth and free of visual defects such asblisters, pits, roughness, cracks, flaking, burned deposits, anduncoated ar
24、eas. The boundaries of electroplating that coveronly a portion of the surface shall, after finishing as indicatedin the drawing, be free of beads, nodules, jagged edges andother detrimental irregularities. Imperfections and variations inappearance in the coating that arise from surface conditions of
25、the basis metal (scratches, pores, roll marks, inclusions, etc.)and that persist in the finish despite the observance of goodmetal finishing practices shall not be cause for rejection.NOTE 3Electroplated finishes generally perform better when thesubstrate over which they are applied is smooth and fr
26、ee of deep scratches,torn metal, pores, inclusions, and other defects. It is recommended that thespecifications covering the unfinished product provide limits for thesedefects. A metal finisher can often remove defects through specialtreatments such as grinding, polishing, abrasive blasting, and spe
27、cialchemical treatments. However, these are not normal treatment steps.When they are desired, they must be agreed upon between the buyer andthe producer.6.2 ThicknessThe thickness of the copper coating on thesignificant surfaces shall conform to the requirements of thespecified class as defined in S
28、ection 4.NOTE 4Variation in the coating thickness from point-to-point on acoated article is an inherent characteristic of electroplating processes.Therefore, the coating thickness will have to exceed the specified value atsome points on the significant surfaces to ensure that the thickness equalsor
29、exceeds the specified value at all points.As a result, the average coatingthickness on an article will usually be greater than the specified value; howmuch greater is largely determined by the shape of the article (see PracticeB 507) and the characteristics of the electroplating process. Additionall
30、y,the average coating thickness on an article will vary from article to articlewithin a production lot. Therefore, if all of the articles in a production lotare to meet the thickness requirement, the average coating thickness of theproduction lot as a whole will be greater than the average necessary
31、 toensure that a single article meets the requirements.NOTE 5When electroplating threaded parts such as machine screws,care is required to avoid too much plate buildup on the crest of the thread.In such applications a maximum plate thickness allowable on the crestsmay require that thicknesses in oth
32、er areas be thinner.6.3 PorosityWhen specified, the coating shall be suffi-ciently free of pores to pass the porosity test specified in 8.4.6.4 SolderabilityWhen specified, the coating shall meetthe requirements of Test Method B 678.6.5 Pretreatment of Iron and Steel for Reducing the Risk ofHydrogen
33、 EmbrittlementParts for critical applications thatare made of steels with ultimate tensile strengths of 1000 MPa,hardness of 31 HRC or greater, that have been machined,ground, cold formed, or cold straightened subsequent to heattreatment, shall require stress relief heat treatment whenspecified by t
34、he purchaser, the tensile strength to be suppliedby the purchaser. Specification B 849 may be consulted for alist of pretreatments that are used widely.6.6 Post Coating Treatment of Iron and Steel for Reducingthe Risk of Hydrogen EmbrittlementParts for critical appli-cations that are made of steels
35、with ultimate tensile strengths of1000 MPa, hardness of 31 HRC or greater, as well as surfacehardened parts, shall require post coating hydrogen embrittle-ment relief baking when specified by the purchaser, the tensilestrength to be supplied by the purchaser. Specification B 850may be consulted for
36、a list of post treatments that are usedwidely.6.7 Peening of Metal PartsIf peening is required beforeelectroplating to induce residual compressive stress to increasefatique strength and resistance to stress corrosion cracking ofB 734 97 (2008)2the metal parts, refer to MIL-S-13165, MIL-R-81841, MIL-
37、W-81840, and Specification B 851.6.8 Supplementary Requirements:6.8.1 PackagingIf packaging requirements are to be metunder this specification, they shall be in accordance withPractice D 3951, or as specified in the contract or order.(WarningSome contemporary packaging materials mayemit fumes that a
38、re deleterious to the surface of the coating.)7. Sampling7.1 The sampling plan used for the inspection of a quantityof the coated articles shall be as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.NOTE 6Usually, when a collection of coated articles, the inspectionlot (7.2), is examined for complia
39、nce with the requirements placed on thearticles, a relatively small number of the articles, the sample, is selected atrandom and is inspected. The inspection lot then is classified as complyingor not complying with the requirements based on the results of theinspection of the sample. The size of the
40、 sample and the criteria ofcompliance are determined by the application of statistics. The procedureis known as sampling inspection. Three standards, Test Method B 602,Guide B 697, and Method B 762 contain sampling plans that are designedfor the sampling inspection of coatings. Test Method B 602 con
41、tains foursampling plans, three for use with tests that are non-destructive and onewhen they are destructive. The buyer and seller may agree on the plan orplans to be used. If they do not, Test Method B 602 identifies the plan tobe used. Guide B 697 provides a large number of plans and also givesgui
42、dance in the selection of a plan. When Guide B 697 is specified, thebuyer and seller need to agree on the plan to be used. Methods B 762 canbe used only for coating requirements that have numerical limit, such ascoating thickness. The test must yield a numerical value and certainstatistical requirem
43、ents must be met. Methods B 762 contains severalplans and also gives instructions for calculating plans to meet specialneeds. The buyer and the seller may agree on the plan or plans to be used.If they do not, Methods B 762 identifies the plan to be used.NOTE 7When both destructive and non-destructiv
44、e tests exist for themeasurement of a characteristic, the purchaser needs to state which is tobe used so that the proper sampling plan is selected.Atest may destroy thecoating but in a non-critical area; or, although it may destroy the coating,a tested part can be reclaimed by stripping and recoatin
45、g. The purchaserneeds to state whether the test is to be considered destructive ornon-destructive.7.2 An inspection lot shall be defined as a collection ofcoated articles that are of the same kind, that have beenproduced to the same specifications, that have been coated bya single supplier at one ti
46、me, or at approximately the same timeunder essentially identical conditions, and that are submittedfor acceptance or rejection as a group.7.3 If special test specimens are used to represent the coatedarticles in a test, the number used shall be that required in 8.1.1.8. Test Methods8.1 The permissio
47、n or the requirement to use special testspecimens, the number to be used, the material from whichthey are to be made, and their shape and size shall be stated bythe purchaser.NOTE 8Test specimens often are used to represent the coated articlesin a test if the articles are of a size, shape, or materi
48、al that is not suitablefor the test, or if it is preferred not to submit articles to a destructive testbecause, for example, the articles are expensive or few in number. Thespecimen should duplicate the characteristics of the article that influencethe property being tested.8.1.1 Special test specime
49、ns used to represent articles in anadhesion, porosity, corrosion resistance, or appearance testshall be made of the same material, in the same metallurgicalcondition, and have the same surface condition as the articlesthey represent, and be placed in the production lot of and beprocessed along with the articles they represent.8.1.2 Special test specimens used to represent articles in acoating thickness test may be made of a material that is suitablefor the test method even if the represented article is not of thesame material. For example, a low-carbon steel spe
