1、Designation: B776 07 B776 12Standard Specification forHafnium and Hafnium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two grades of wrought hafnium and hafnium alloy strip, sheet, and plate as follows:1.1.1 Grade R1 for
3、 nuclear applications, and1.1.2 Grade R3 for commercial applications.1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion mass gain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; t
4、herefore each system mustbe used independently of the other. SI values cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification. This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associate
5、d with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE21 Tes
6、t Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Lot Definition:3.1.1 lot, na lot shall consist of a material of the same size, shape, condition, and finish produ
7、ced from the ingot or powderblend same ingot by the same reduction schedule and the same heat treatment parameters. Unless otherwise agreed upon betweenmanufacturer and purchaser, a lot shall be limited to the product of an 8 h period for final continuous anneal, or to a single furnaceload for final
8、 batch anneal.3.2 Forms: Forms:3.2.1 strip, na flat product, may be supplied in coil, less than 6 in. (150 mm) in width and from 0.005 to 0.188 in. (0.13 to4.8 mm) in thickness.3.2.2 sheet, na flat product 6 in. (150 mm) or more in width and from 0.005 to 0.188 in. (0.13 to 4.8 mm) in thickness.3.2.
9、3 plate, na flat product more than 0.1880.125 in. (4.8(3.2 mm) in thickness.4. Classification4.1 The strip, sheet, or plate is to be furnished in two grades as follows:4.1.1 Grade R1 (Nuclear) Unalloyed.4.1.2 Grade R3 (Commercial) Unalloyed.5. Ordering Information5.1 Purchase orders for materials un
10、der this specification shall include the following information as applicable:5.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB10.02 on Zirconi
11、um and Hafnium.Current edition approved May 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2012. Published May 2007December 2012. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 asB776 06.B776 07. DOI: 10.1520/B0776-07.10.1520/B0776-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, o
12、r contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes h
13、ave been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official d
14、ocument.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.1.2 Form (3.2) and dimensions,5.1.3 Grade (4.1),5.1.4 Lot definition for continuous anneal, if applicable (3.1),5.1.5 Metallurgical condition, if not in the recrystallized anne
15、aled condition (6.3),5.1.6 Chemical analysis of elements not listed (7.1.3),5.1.7 Product analysis (7.1.1.1 and 7.1.3),5.1.8 Tensile test temperatures (8.1),5.1.9 Mechanical properties, for Grade R3 (8.1),5.1.10 Corrosion properties and testing, (9.1 and 9.1.3),5.1.11 Material condition and finish (
16、12.1-12.5),5.1.12 Workmanship standards and methods of inspection (Section 13),5.1.13 Purchaser inspection (16.1),5.1.14 Rejection and referee (17.2),5.1.15 Certification report (Section 18),5.1.16 Product marking (Section 19), and5.1.17 Packaging and package marking (Section 20).NOTE 1A typical ord
17、ering description is as follows: twenty-eight pieces hafnium plate, annealed; mechanically descaled and pickled; 0.158 by 6.000in. thick by 18-in. long lengths; Grade R1; ASTM B776 07.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Material covered by this specification shall be made from ingots that are produced b
18、y vacuum or plasma arc melting,vacuum electron-beam melting, a combination of these three methods or other melting processes conventionally used for reactivemetals. All processes to be done in furnaces usually used for reactive metals.6.2 The various mill products covered by this specification shall
19、 be formed with the conventional extrusion, forging, or rollingequipment normally found in primary ferrous and nonferrous plants.6.3 The sheet, strip, and plate shall be supplied in the recrystallized annealed condition unless otherwise specified in thepurchase order.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The g
20、rades of R1 and R3 metal covered by this specification shall conform to the chemical composition requirementsprescribed in Table 1.7.1.1 The elements listed in Table 1 are intentional alloy additions or elements which are inherent to the manufacture of sponge,ingot or mill product.7.1.1.1 Elements o
21、ther than those listed in Table 1 are deemed to be capable of occurring in the grades listed inTable 1 by and only by way of unregulated or unanalyzed scrap additions to the ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis for elementsnot listed in Table 1 shall not be required unless specified and shall be
22、considered to be in excess of the intent of this specification.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElements Composition, WeightGrade R1 Grade R3Aluminum 0.010 0.050Carbon 0.015 0.025Chromium 0.010 0.050Copper 0.010 .Hydrogen 0.0025 0.0050Iron 0.050 0.0750Molybdenum 0.0020 .Nickel 0.0050 .Niobium 0.010 .Nit
23、rogen 0.010 0.015Oxygen 0.040 0.130Silicon 0.010 0.050Tantalum 0.020 .Tin 0.0050 .Titanium 0.010 0.050Tungsten 0.0150 0.0150Uranium 0.0010 .Vanadium 0.0050 .Zirconium A AHafnium balance balanceA Zirconium shall be reported. Acceptable levels shall be established by mutualagreement between purchaser
24、and producer.B776 1227.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must be identified, analyzed, and reported in the chemical analysis.7.1.3 When agreed upon by producer and purchaser and requested by the purchaser in his written purchase order, chemicalanalysis shall be completed for specific resi
25、dual elements not listed in this specification.7.2 The manufacturers ingot analysis shall be considered the chemical analysis, except for certain cases where tests on productare required, as specified in 14.1.1.7.2.1 The ingot shall be sampled in sufficient places along the side wall so that the top
26、 sample is within 5 in. (125 mm) of thetop face and the distance between samples or between the bottom face and a sample does not exceed one ingot diameter. Aminimum of three samples per ingot is required.7.2.2 These samples shall be analyzed for the alloying and impurity elements given in Table 1.7
27、.2.3 Alternatively, the manufacturer may sample an intermediate or final size during processing with the same frequency andin the same positions relative to the ingot as specified in 7.2.1 to determine the composition, except for hydrogen and nitrogen,which shall be determined on the finished produc
28、t.7.3 Check Analysis:7.3.1 Check analysis is an analysis made by the purchaser or the manufacturer of the metal after it has been processed intofinished mill forms, and is either for the purpose of verifying the composition of a heat or lot or to determine variations incomposition within a heat or l
29、ot. Acceptance or rejection of a lot of material may be made by the purchaser on the basis of thischeck analysis.7.3.2 Check analysis limits shall be as specified in Table 2. These limits are the amounts an individual result for a given elementmay vary under or over the specified limits shown in Tab
30、le 1.7.3.3 Check analysis tolerances do not broaden the specified heat analysis requirements but cover variations betweenlaboratories in the measurement of chemical content.7.3.4 The manufacturer shall not ship material that is outside the limits specified in Table 1 for the applicable grade.8. Mech
31、anical Properties8.1 Grade R1 shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3 for room temperature mechanical properties. Elevatedtemperature properties shall be used to determine compliance only when specified in the purchase order. When required by thepurchaser, Grade R3 mechanical propert
32、ies shall conform to the limits specified in the purchase order.9. Corrosion Properties9.1 When required by the purchaser and stated in the purchase order, the following corrosion testing shall be performed:9.1.1 Two samples chosen at random from each lot shall be corrosion tested in water at 680F (
33、360C), 2690 psi (18.5 MPa)for 672 + 8 0 h using the manufacturers standard procedure.9.1.2 Grade R1Coupons shall exhibit a weight gain of not more than 10 mg/dm2.9.1.3 Grade R3 will be tested for information only, if required by purchase order.TABLE 2 Check Analyses LimitsElement Variations Under Mi
34、n. orOver Max. %Hydrogen 0.002Nitrogen 0.01Carbon 0.01Zirconium 0.02Iron and Chromium 0.025Tin 0.05Niobium 0.05Oxygen 0.02TABLE 3 Grade 1 Mechanical PropertiesSampleDirection ConditionTestTemperatureTensileStrength,min ksi(MPa)YieldStrength,min ksi(MPa)Elongation,(min %)in2 in.(50 mm)Longitudinal an
35、nealed RT 58 (400) 22 (151) 20Longitudinal annealed 600F (315C) 25 (172) 11 (76) 25Transverse annealed RT 45 (310) 25 (172) 20Transverse annealed 600F (315C) 23 (158) 14 (96) 30B776 12310. Significance of Numerical Limits10.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with the specified limits for re
36、quirements of the properties listed in thefollowing table, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding methodsof Practice E29.Property Rounded Unit for Observed orCalculated ValueChemical composition, andtolerances (when expressed asdecimals)
37、nearest unit in the last righthand placeof figures of the specified limitTensile strength and yieldstrengthnearest 1000 psi (10 MPa)Elongation nearest 1 %11. Permissible Variations in Dimensions and Weights11.1 ThicknessThe variations in thickness of strip, sheet, and plate are given in the followin
38、g tables:11.1.1 Hot-rolled strip, Table 4.11.1.2 Cold-rolled strip, Table 5.11.1.3 Hot- and cold-rolled sheet, Table 6.11.1.4 Plate, Table 7.11.2 WidthThe variations in width are given in the following tables:11.2.1 Hot-rolled strip, Table 8.11.2.2 Cold-rolled strip, Table 9.11.2.3 Hot- and cold-rol
39、led sheet, Table 10.11.2.4 Plate, Table 11.11.3 LengthThe variations in length are given in the following tables:11.3.1 Hot- and cold-rolled strip, Table 12.11.3.2 Hot- and cold-rolled sheet, Table 13.11.3.3 Plate, Table 11.11.4 Crown TolerancesThe variations in crown tolerances are given in the fol
40、lowing tables:11.4.1 Hot-rolled strip, Table 14.11.4.2 Cold-rolled strip, Table 15.11.4.3 Hot-rolled sheet, Table 16.11.4.4 Cold-rolled sheet, Table 17.11.5 Camber TolerancesThe variations in camber tolerances are given in the following tables:11.5.1 Hot- and cold-rolled strip, Table 18.11.5.2 Hot-
41、and cold-rolled sheet, Table 19.11.5.3 Plate, Table 20.11.6 DiameterThe variation in diameter tolerance for circular plates is given in Table 21.11.7 FlatnessThe permissible variation from a flat surface for plate is given in Table 22.11.8 WeightThe actual shipping weight of any one item of an order
42、ed thickness and width in any finish may exceed estimatedweight by as much as 10 %.TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Hot-RolledHafnium StripASpecified Width, in. (mm)Variations from Specified Thicknessfor Widths Given,Over and Under, in. (mm)0.083 to 0.118(2.1 to 3.0)Over 0.118 to 0.188
43、(3.0 to 4.78)To 312 (90), incl 0.005 (0.13) 0.006 (0.15)Over 312 to 6 (90 to 150), incl 0.006 (0.15) 0.007 (0.18)A Thickness measurements are taken at least 38 in. (10 mm) from edge.B776 12412. Condition and Finish12.1 Sheet, strip, or plate shall be furnished in one of the following conditions as d
44、esignated on the purchase order:Form ConditionStrip hot-rolledhot-rolled, annealedcold-rolledcold-rolled, annealedcold-rolled, annealed, followed by a final light cold-rolled pass, generally on polished rolls.Sheet hot-rolledTABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled Hafnium StripNOT
45、E 1For thickness under 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) and in width to 6 in. (150 mm), a tolerance of 10 % of the thickness shall apply.NOTE 2Thickness measurements shall be taken 38 in. (10 mm) in from edge of the strip, except on widths less than 1 in. (25 mm), where the tolerancesare applicable for measureme
46、nts at all locations.Specified Thickness, in. (mm) Permissible Variations in Thickness, for Widths Given, in. (mm)316 to 1 (4.8 to 25), excl 1 to 3 (25 to 75), excl 3 to 6 (75 to 150), excl0.188 to 0.160 (4.78 to 4.06), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.003 (0.08) 0.004 (0.10)0.160 to 0.100 (4.05 to 2.52), incl 0
47、.002 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05) 0.003 (0.08)0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05) 0.003 (0.08)0.068 to 0.050 (1.74 to 1.27), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.002 (005) 0.003 (0.08)0.049 to 0.040 (1.26 to 1.01), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05) 0.0025 (0.07)0.039 to 0.035 (1.00 to 0.88), incl 0.002
48、 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05) 0.0025 (0.07)0.034 to 0.029 (0.87 to 0.73), incl 0.0015 (0.04) 0.015 (0.04) 0.002 (0.05)0.028 to 0.026 (0.72 to 0.66), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.015 (0.04) 0.0015 (0.04)0.025 to 0.020 (0.65 to 0.51), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.04)0.019 (0.50) and under 0.001 (0.025) 0
49、.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025)TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Hot- and Cold-Rolled Hafnium SheetASpecified Thickness, in. (mm)Hot-RolledPermissible Variations inThickness, in. (mm)Cold-RolledPermissible Variations inThickness, in. (mm)0.146 to 0.188 (3.70 to 4.76) excl 0.014 (0.35) 0.007 (0.18)0.131 to 0.145 (3.32 to 3.69) 0.012 (0.30) 0.006 (0.15)0.115 to 0.130 (2.92 to 3.31) 0.010 (0.25) 0.005 (0.13)0.099 to 0.114 (2.50 to 2.91) 0.009 (0.23) 0.0045 (0.11)0.084 to 0.098 (2.13 to 2.49) 0.008 (0.20) 0.004 (0.10)0.073 to 0
