1、Designation: B790/B790M 11B790/B790M 16Standard Practice forStructural Design of Corrugated Aluminum Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Culverts, Storm Sewers, and OtherBuried Conduits1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B790/B790M; the number immediately following the designation ind
2、icates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice is intended for the struct
3、ural design of corrugated aluminum pipe and pipe-arches, and aluminum structuralplate pipe, pipe-arches, and arches for use as culverts and storm sewers and other buried conduits. This practice is for pipe installedin a trench or embankment and subjected to highway, railroad, and aircraft loadings.
4、It must be recognized that a buried corrugatedaluminum pipe is a composite structure made up of the aluminum ring and the soil envelope, and both elements play a vital partin the structural design of this type of structure.1.2 Corrugated aluminum pipe and pipe-arches shall be of annular fabrication
5、using riveted seams, or of helical fabricationhaving a continuous lockseam.1.3 Structural plate pipe, pipe-arches, and arches are fabricated in separate plates that when assembled at the job site by boltingform the required shape.1.4 This specification is applicable to design in inch-pound units as
6、Specification B790 or in SI units as Specification B790M.Inch-pound units and SI units are not necessarily equivalent. SI units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are theapplicable values when the design is done in accordance with Specification B790M.1.5 This standard does not p
7、urport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B7
8、45/B745M Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Pipe for Sewers and DrainsB746/B746M Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Alloy Structural Plate for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and ArchesB788/B788M Practice for Installing Factory-Made Corrugated Aluminum Culverts and Storm Sewer PipeB789/B789M P
9、ractice for Installing Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate Pipe for Culverts and SewersB864/B864M Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Box CulvertsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)D1556 Test Method for Density
10、 and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone MethodD2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon MethodD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by th
11、e Drive-Cylinder MethodD6938 Test Methods for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)2.2 FAA Standards:3AC No. 150/5320-5B,150/5320-5D Advisory Circular, “Airport Drainage,” Drainage Design” Department of Transportation,Federal Aviation Admini
12、stration, Publication No. SN-050-007-00149-5, 1970Administration1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.08 on CorrugatedAluminum Pipe and Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate.Current edition appro
13、ved Nov. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2016. Published December 2011December 2016. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20062011as B790B790/B790M 11.00 (2006). DOI: 10.1520/B0790_B0790M-11.10.1520/B0790_B0790M-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or cont
14、actASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098. http:/w
15、ww.faa.gov/airports/resources/advisory_circulars/index.cfm/go/document.current/documentNumber/150_5320-5This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be techni
16、cally possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this s
17、tandardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 AASHTO Standards:4LRFD Bridge Design SpecificationsLRFD Bridge Construction Specifications2.4 Other Standards:5American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-Of-Way Association
18、(AREMA) Guidelines3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 arch, na pipe shape that is supported on footings and does not have a full metal invert.3.1.2 bedding, nthe earth or other material on which the pipe is laid consist of a thin layer of important material on top
19、ofthe in-situ foundation.3.1.3 haunch, nthe portion of the pipe cross section between the maximum horizontal dimension and the top of the bedding.3.1.4 invert, nthe lowest portion of the pipe cross section; also, the bottom portion of the pipe.3.1.5 pipe, na conduit having a full circular shape or,
20、in a general contex, all structure shapes covered by this practice.3.1.6 pipe-arch, na pipe shape consisting of an approximate semicircular top portion, small radius corners, and large radiusinvert.3.1.7 long span structures, nspecial shapes of any size having a crown or side radius greater than 13.
21、0 ft 4000 mm. Metalbox culverts (rise/span 0.3) are not considered longspan structures and are discussed in Specification B864/B864M.4. Symbols4.1 The symbols used in this practice have the following significance:A = required wall area, in.2/ft mm2/mm,AL = maximum highway design axle load, lbf N,d =
22、 depth of corrugation, in. mm,E = modulus of elasticity, 10 106 lbf/in. 2 69 103 MPa,E = modulus of elasticity, 10 106 lbfin.2 69 103 MPa,EL = earth load, lbf/ft2 kPa,fc = critical buckling stress, lbf/in.2 MPa,FF = flexibility factor, in./lbf mm/N,fu = specified minimum tensile strength,= 31 000 lb
23、f/in.2 215 MPa for corrugated aluminum pipe per B745/B745M using Alclad Alloy 3004H34,= 27 000 lbf/in.2 185 MPa for corrugated aluminum pipe per B745/B745M using Alclad Alloy 3004H32,= 35 000 lbf/in. 2 245 MPa for 0.100 through 0.150 inch 2.52 through 3.81 mm thick aluminum structural plate perB746/
24、B746M,= 34 000 lbf/in.2 235 MPa for 0.175 through 0.250 inch 4.44 through 6.35 mm thick aluminum structural plate perB746/B746M,Fu = specified minimum tensile strength,= 31 000 lbf/in.2 215 MPa for corrugated aluminum pipe in accordance with Specification B745/B745M using AlcladAlloy 3004H34,= 27 00
25、0 lbf/in.2 185 MPa for corrugated aluminum pipe in accordance with Specification B745/B745M using AlcladAlloy 3004H32,= 35 500 lbfin.2 245 MPa for 0.100 through 0.150 in. 2.52 through 3.81 mm thick aluminum structural plate inaccordance with Specification B746/B746M,= 34 000 lbf/in.2 235 MPa for 0.1
26、75 through 0.250 in. 4.44 through 6.35 mm thick aluminum structural plate inaccordance with Specification B746/B746M,fy = specified minimum yield strength,= 20 000 lbf/in.2 140 MPa for corrugated aluminum pipe per B745/B745M using Alclad Alloy3004H32,= 24 000 lbf/in.2 165 MPa for all other corrugate
27、d aluminum pipe and structural plate per B745/B745M andB746/B746M,4 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.5 Available from AREMA Headquarters, 4501 Forbes Blvd., Suite 130, Lanham, MD 20706,
28、 Tel: +1.301.459.3200 / Fax: +1.301.459.8077, www.arema.orgB790/B790M 162Fy = specified minimum yield strength,= 24 000 lbf/in.2 165 MPa for corrugated aluminum pipe in accordance with Specification B745/B745M using AlcladAlloy 3004H34,= 20 000 lbf/in.2 140 MPa for corrugated aluminum pipe in accord
29、ance with Specification B745/B745M using AlcladAlloy 3004H32,= 24 000 lbf/in.2 165 MPa for all other corrugated aluminum pipe and structural plate in accordance with SpecificationB746/B746M,H = depth of fill above top of pipe, ft m,Hmax = maximum depth of fill, ft m,Hmin = minimum depth of fill, ft
30、m,I = moment of inertia of corrugation, in.4/in. mm4/mm, see Tables 2-7),IL = impact load, lbf/ft2 kPa,k = soil stiffness factor0.22 for good sidefill material compacted to 90 % of standard density based on Test Method D698,k = soil stiffness factor (0.22 for good sidefill material compacted to a mi
31、nimum of 90 % of standard density based on TestMethod D698),LL = live load, lbf/ft2 kPa,P = total design load or pressure, lbf/ft2 kPa,Pf = Factored crown pressure, lbf/ft2 kPa,Pf = factored crown pressure, lbf/ft2 kPa,r = radius of gyration of corrugation, in. mm, see Tables 1-7,rc = corner radius
32、of pipe-arch, ft mm,Rf = Factored resistance for each limit state, lbf/ft kN/m,Rf = factored resistance for each limit state, lbf/ft kN/m,Rn = Nominal resistance for each limit state, lbf/ft kN/m,Rn = nominal resistance for each limit state, lbf/ft kN/m,s = pipe diameter or span, in. mm,S = pipe dia
33、meter or span, ft m,SF = safety factor,SS = required seam strength, lbf/ft kN/m,T = thrust in pipe wall, lbf/ft kN/m, andTf = Factored thrust in pipe wall, lbf/ft kN/m,Tf = factored thrust in pipe wall, lbf/ft kN/m,W = the unit force derived from 1 ft3 m3 of fill material above the pipe, lbf/ft3 kN/
34、m3. When the actual fill material is notknown, use 120 lbf/ft3 19 kN/m3, = Resistance factor. = resistance factor.NOTE 1For pipes meeting Specification B745/B745M, both minimum yield and minimum tensile strengths are based on the H-32 temper material.5. Basis of Design5.1 The recommendations present
35、ed herein, represent generally accepted design practice. The design engineer shall, however,determine that these recommendations meet particular project needs.5.2 This practice is not applicable for long-span structures. Such structures require additional design considerations for both thepipe and t
36、he soil envelope. The design of long-span structures is described in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification.5.3 Structures designed to this standard shall meet the requirements of this standard.6. Loads6.1 The design load or pressure on a pipe is comprised of earth load (EL), live load (LL), an
37、d impact load (IL). These loadsare applied as a fluid pressure acting on the pipe periphery.6.2 For aluminum pipe buried in a trench or in an embankment on a yielding foundation, loads are defined as follows:6.2.1 Earth LoadThe earth load EL is the weight of the column of soil directly above the pip
38、e calculated as:EL5HW (1)6.2.2 Live LoadsThe live load LL is that portion of the weight of the vehicle, train, or aircraft moving over the pipe that isdistributed through the soil to the pipe.6.2.2.1 Live Loads Under HighwaysLive load pressures for H20 highway loadings, including impact effects, are
39、 asfollows:follows. Note the currentAASHTO designation for the design vehicular live load is HL-93. Refer toAASHTO for vehicleinformation.Height of Cover, ft mm H20 Live Load, lbf/ft2 kPaB790/B790M 1631 300 1800 86.22 600 800 38.33 900 600 28.74 1200 400 19.25 1500 250 12.06 1800 200 9.67 2100 175 8
40、.48 2400 100 4.8over 8 over 2400 neglect neglect6.2.2.2 Live Loads Under RailwaysLive load pressures for E80 railway loadings, including impact effects, are asfollows:follows. Refer to AREMA Guidelines for the design of E80 vehicles:Height of Cover, ft mm Live Load, lbf/ft2 kPa2 600 3800 181.95 1500
41、 2400 114.98 2400 1600 76.610 3000 1100 52.712 3600 800 38.315 4500 600 28.720 6000 300 14.430 9000 100 4.8over 30 over 9000 neglect neglectValues for intermediate covers may be interpolated.6.2.2.3 Live Loads Under Aircraft RunwaysBecause of the many different wheel configurations and weights, live
42、 loadpressures for aircraft vary. Such pressures must be determined for the specific aircraft for which the installation is designed; seethe FAA publication “Airport Drainage.”6.2.3 Impact LoadsLoads caused by the impact of moving traffic are important only at low heights of cover. Their effects hav
43、ebeen included in live load pressures in 6.2.2.7. Design Method7.1 Strength requirements for wall strength, buckling strength, and seam strength may be determined by either the allowablestress design (ASD) method presented in Section 88, or the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method present
44、ed in Section99 Additionally, the design considerations in other paragraphs shall be followed for either design method.8. Design by ASD Method8.1 The thrust in the pipe wall shall be checked by three criteria. Each considers the joint function of the aluminum pipe andthe surrounding soil envelope.8.
45、1.1 Required Wall Area:8.1.1.1 Determine the design pressure and ring compression thrust in the aluminum pipe wall as follows:P 5EL1LL1IL (2)T 5PS/2 (3)8.1.1.2 Determine the required wall cross-sectional area. The safety factor SF on the wall area is 2.A5TSF!fy (4)TABLE 2 Sectional Properties of Cor
46、rugated Aluminum Sheetsfor Corrugation: 2 by 12 in. 51 by 13 mm (Helical)B790/B790M 164Select from Tables 1-7 a wall thickness equal to or greater than the required wall area A.8.1.2 Critical Buckling StressCheck corrugations with the required wall area for possible wall buckling. If the criticalbuc
47、kling stress fc is less than the minimum yield stress fy, recalculate the required wall area using fc instead of fy.If s, rk 24Efu then fc5fu2 fu248E Sksr D2(5)If s.rk 24Efu then fc5 12ES ksr D2 (6)8.1.3 Required Seam Strength:8.1.3.1 Since a helical lockseam pipe has no longitudinal seams, this cri
48、terion is not valid for this type of pipe.8.1.3.2 For pipe fabricated with longitudinal seams (riveted or bolted) the seam strength shall be sufficient to develop the thrustin the pipe wall. The safety factor SF on seam strength SS is 3. Determine the required seam strength as follows:SS5TSF! (7)8.1
49、.3.3 Check the ultimate seam strengths shown in Tables 3 and 4, or Table 5. If the required seam strength exceeds that shownfor the aluminum thickness already chosen, use a heavier pipe whose seam strength exceeds the required seam strength.9. Design by LRFD Method9.1 Factored LoadsThe pipe shall be designed to resist the following combination of fact
