1、Designation: B 807/B 807M 06Standard Practice forExtrusion Press Solution Heat Treatment for AluminumAlloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 807/B 807M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice establishes the controls required for extru-sion press solution heat treatment of the 6xxx and 7xxx
3、 seriesaluminum alloys in Table 1 when ASTM material specifica-tions allow use of this process in lieu of furnace solution heattreatment. For the alloys listed in Table 1, this practice is analternate process to solution heat treatment in a furnace, suchas specified in Practice B 918 for the attainm
4、ent of T3, T4, T6,T7, T8 and T9-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1).1.2 This practice applies only to extrusion press solutionheat treatment for aluminum alloys. Precipitation hardening(aging) processing and equipment calibration shall meet thepractice and requirements of Practice B 918.1.3 The values sta
5、ted in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standards. The SI units areshown in brackets or in separate tables. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two syste
6、ms may result in non-conformance with thepractice.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of r
7、egulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on thedate of material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B 557 Test Methods of Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnes
8、ium-Alloy ProductsB 557M Test Methods of Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products MetricB 647 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of AluminumAlloys by Means of a Webster Hardness GageB 648 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of AluminumAlloys by Means of a Barcol Impr
9、essorB 881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- andMagnesium-Alloy ProductsB 918 Practice for Heat Treatment of Wrought AluminumAlloysE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE 2281 Practice f
10、or Process and Measurement CapabilityIndices2.3 ASTM Manual:2ASTM MNL 7 Manual on Presentation of Data and ControlChart Analysis2.4 ANSI Standards:3H35.1 Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Alumi-numH35.1M Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Alu-minum Metric3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRef
11、er to Terminology B 881 for definitionsof product terms used in this specification.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 onAluminum Alloy Wrought Products.Current edition approved March 15, 200
12、6. Published March 2006. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as B 807 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard
13、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.TABLE 1 Extrusion Billet or Log Temperature High LimitAAlloyBillet or Log TemperatureUpper F Upper C6005, 6005A, 6105 1050 5656061, 6262 1050 5656060,
14、 6063, 6101, 6463, 6560 1060 5706351, 6082, 1050 5656066, 6070 1020 5507004, 7005 1000 5407029, 7046, 7116, 7129, 7146 1000 540AThese upper limit temperatures avoid the possibility of eutectic melting due tooverheating, and include a safety factor of approximately 25F 15C degrees.1*A Summary of Chan
15、ges section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 extrudate, nmaterial exiting an extrusion die subjectto further processing (quenching, stretching, cutting), to be-come an extruded
16、profile.3.1.2 extrusion billet, nsolid or hollow form, commonlycylindrical, used as the final length of material charged into theextrusion press cylinder, and is usually a cast product, but maybe a wrought product or sintered from powder compact.3.1.3 extrusion log, nstarting stock for extrusion bil
17、let.Extrusion log is usually produced in lengths from whichshorter extrusion billets are cut.3.1.4 extrusion press solution heat treatment, nheating analloy to a suitable temperature and then extruding, whileholding for a sufficient time to allow one or more solubleconstituents to enter into solid s
18、olution, where they are retainedin a supersaturated state after quenching.3.1.5 furnace solution heat treatment, nheating an alloy toa suitable temperature in a furnace and holding for a sufficienttime to allow one or more soluble constituents to enter intosolid solution, where they are retained in
19、a supersaturated stateafter quenching.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 product class, na category of extruded product,consisting of the same alloy, temper and thickness, which canbe grouped for purposes of analysis of process qualificationdata and/or process monitoring data.3
20、.2.2 product type, na category of extruded product,consisting of the same alloy and product form (such as tube,pipe, rod, bar, or profile) which can be grouped for analysis ofprocess qualification and/or process monitoring.3.2.3 remote temperature sensing system, na system oftemperature measurement
21、of a non-contact type usually includ-ing either a single or multi-wavelength radiation sensingdevice.4. Equipment4.1 Aluminum alloy billets are preheated prior to beingextruded as prescribed in section 6.2. Usual heating methodsinclude, but are not limited to, induction, flame impingement,or forced
22、air. Controls shall be adequate to ensure that theequipment can be operated in a manner which precludesoverheating of the billet or deleterious contamination of thebillet by the furnace environment. Induction equipment mayrequire measurement of thermal gradients along the billet.Flame impingement de
23、vices require assessment of thermo-couple placement relative to burner location to avoid thepossibility of non-uniform surface temperature. Billet tempera-ture shall be monitored and controlled to the extent that theextrusion billet is not to exceed the maximum temperatureshown in Table 1 prior to e
24、xtrusion (see Note 1).NOTE 1Some aspects of the metallurgical structure of the alloy aftersolution heat treatment are influenced by the thermal characteristics of theheating equipment used, and the starting microstructure of the billet/log.Some heating equipment achieves very rapid temperature rise
25、and mayrequire the metal to be soaked for a period to ensure that sufficientapplicable alloying elements are taken into solid solution. This soakingstage may be eliminated if the alloying elements are substantially in solidsolution prior to charging the metal to the heating equipment (this beingacco
26、mplished by sufficient prior homogenization/cooling practices).4.1.1 Automatic control and recording devices used tomeasure temperature at pertinent points in the heating equip-ment shall be calibrated as specified in Section 5.4.2 The extrusion press equipment and controls shall beadequate to ensur
27、e that billets are capable of being extruded inaccordance with the process requirements for the productsbeing produced, as prescribed in Section 6.4.3 Equipment for quenching the extrudate may consist of,but is not limited to, water or water/glycol mixture in astanding wave, quench tank, spray, pres
28、surized water device,air/water fog or air blast, or combination thereof. Controls shallbe adequate to assure that the equipment is operated in amanner which achieves the required quench conditions asprescribed in section 6.6 and in Table 2.5. Equipment Calibration and Standardization5.1 Non-Contact
29、Sensor System (Remote Sensing System)Calibration and System Accuracy Test:5.1.1 Initial CalibrationNon-contact sensors shall be cali-brated prior to initial use by an ISO 17025 or A2LA certifiedlaboratory. It may also be certified by the manufacturer if theirprocess is traceable to NIST or national
30、equivalent. Initialcalibration shall be within 6 6F 6 3C.5.1.2 System Accuracy Tests (SAT)Non contact sensorsmust be compared weekly under operating conditions andtemperature to a contact thermocouple and test instrumenttouching the extrusion within 3 in. 75 mm of the focus pointof the non-contact s
31、ensor (see Note 2). The non contact sensormust read within 6 2F 6 1C of the contact pyrometrysystem; if not, the non contact sensor system must be adjustedto read within the stated tolerance or an offset in operation mustbe used to account for the variation and may then be used forproduction.5.2 Tem
32、perature Measuring System Accuracy Test (SAT) forContact Systems (systems other than remote sensingsystems)The accuracy of temperature measuring system(s)shall be tested under operating conditions at least once duringTABLE 2 Minimum Die Exit Temperature, Temperature EnteringQuench, and Cooling Rate
33、in the Quench ZoneA,BAlloyMin DieExitF CMin TempEnteringQuenchF CMin CoolingRate,F/min C/min6005, 6105 950 510 825 440 3001656005A 950 510 825 440 3602006061, 6262 930 500 850 455 6003356351, 6082 950 510 900 480 6003356060, 6063, 6101, 6463, 6560 930 500 825 440 150 856066, 6070 970 520 910 490 900
34、5007004, 7005 750 1000 max/400-540 max725 385 12065C7029, 7046, 7116, 7129, 7146 900-1000 max/480-540 max750 400 600335AThe cooling rate is defined as the average temperature drop per unit of timewhen subjected to a constant cooling system from initial extrudate temperature,down to 400F 205C, forced
35、 cooling allowed at a reduced rate down to 350F175C, and cooling continuing to ambient.BThese minimum temperatures and cooling rates may be altered whenstatistical analysis of mechanical property test data substantiates that the materialwill meet the tensile property requirements of section 7.1 and
36、other requiredmaterial characteristicsCAir or air mist only cooling preferred, as higher cooling rates may degradecorrosion performance.B 807/B 807M 062each week that the facility is used. The test should be made byinserting a calibrated test temperature sensing element tocontact the surface being m
37、easured within 3 in. 75 mm of thesystems sensing element and reading the test temperaturesensing element with a calibrated test potentiometer (see Note2). The sensors must agree within 6 2F 6 1C; if not, thesensor system must be adjusted to read within the statedtolerance or an offset in operation m
38、ust be used to account forthe variation and may then be used for production. When thesystem is equipped with dual potentiometer measuring systemswhich are checked daily against each other, the above checksshall be conducted at least once every three months. The dualsensors must agree within 6 2F 6 1
39、C; if not, the systemsshall either be recalibrated or replaced. Alternatively, thesensors reading may be compared to the test instrument/sensorand the discrepant system(s) recalibrated or replaced.5.3 Test Instrument/Sensor for SATThe contact pyrometerthermocouple (sensor) and test instrument must b
40、e calibrated toa NIST-traceable source within 3 months of use. Calibrationerror of the instrument shall be no more than 6 1F 6 0.6Cand the sensor shall be within 6 2F 6 1C or 0.4 % of truetemperature (whichever is greater).NOTE 2Warning: Advice should be sought from the equipmentmanufacturer to dete
41、rmine precautions necessary when inserting sensingelements to avoid incurring any safety hazards.5.4 Continuous Billet Heating Furnace CalibrationForcontinuous billet heating furnaces, the type of survey andwritten procedures for performing the survey should be estab-lished for each particular furna
42、ce involved. The types ofcontinuous billet heating furnaces may vary considerably,depending upon the product and sizes involved. For some typesand sizes of furnaces, the only practical way to survey thefurnace is to perform an extensive mechanical property surveyof the limiting product sizes to veri
43、fy conformance to thespecified mechanical properties for such products.6. Extrusion Press Solution Heat Treat Procedure6.1 Pertinent control points requiring defined written oper-ating practices, data collection, and record keeping include, butare not limited to (see Note 3):6.1.1 Billet or log temp
44、erature in the heating equipment(section 6.2),6.1.2 Billet temperature upon being charged into the presscontainer (section 6.3),6.1.3 Time from billet discharge from heating furnace tocharging of billet into press container,6.1.4 Container Temperature,6.1.5 Ram Speed,6.1.6 Profile configuration,6.1.
45、7 Extrudate temperature upon exiting the press platen(section 6.4),6.1.8 Time between extrudate exit from the extrusion dieand entry into the quench zone,6.1.9 Extrudate temperature at quench entry (section 6.5),6.1.10 Extrudate temperature at completion of quench,6.1.11 Quench media temperature,6.1
46、.12 Quench rate (section 6.6),6.1.13 System operation during normal press dead cycle,and6.1.14 System reaction to unplanned interruptions (warninglights/audibles, system interlocks, records, billet not charged tocontainer within time limits).NOTE 3Some of these time or temperature measurements may b
47、eomitted if it has been demonstrated that they are not essential to achievingan appropriate degree of process control.6.2 Billets shall be heated to a temperature appropriate forthe alloy and not to exceed the maximum temperatures listed inTable 1 (see Note 4). If a remote temperature sensing system
48、 isused and has a known error which exceeds 6 2F, then thepermitted upper limits shown in Table 1 shall be adjusted by anamount to ensure that the true metal temperature does notexceed the upper limit shown, or the instrument shall bere-calibrated in accordance with 5.1.NOTE 4The surface temperature
49、 of a billet or log may differ signifi-cantly from its interior temperature. Temperature sensing devices maygive instantaneous values at a specific point, or give average values overtime or over an area. Note that gradients differ between induction and gasfired billet heaters.6.3 When continuous monitoring of extrusion temperatures,with appropriate controls, is in place, minimum starting billettemperature is at the producers option. Some productionmethods
