1、Designation: B 864/B 864M 08Standard Specification forCorrugated Aluminum Box Culverts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 864/B 864M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers material, geometric, and wallsection properties of aluminum box culverts manufacturedfrom corrugated plate or
3、 sheet, with attached rib stiffeners, forfield assembly. Appropriate fasteners and optional materials,such as aluminum invert plates and headwalls, are alsodescribed. Applications for aluminum box culverts includeconduits for gravity flow drainage of surface water, such asculverts and storm drains,
4、as well as for small bridges andgrade separation structures such as pedestrian or vehicularunderpasses, and utility tunnels.1.2 This specification does not include requirements forfoundations, backfill, or the relationship between earth cover orlive loads and strength requirements. These important d
5、esignconsiderations are described in the AASHTO Standard Speci-fications for Highway Bridges and the AASHTO LRFD-Bridge Design Specifications.1.3 This specification does not include requirements for thehydraulic design of these structures. Hydraulic design, place-ment of footings or inverts, and end
6、 treatments to resist scourare described in FHWA HDS No. 5.1.4 Appendix X1 lists nominal dimensions of box culvertsizes commonly available. Also listed are cross-sectional areaand hydraulic design parameters for these sizes.1.5 Appendix X2 lists manufacturers suggested designproperties for the rib s
7、tiffener types, spacing classes, andmaterial thicknesses described in this specification.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independen
8、tly of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA 123/A 123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galva-nized) Coatings on Iron and Steel ProductsA 153/A 15
9、3M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareA 307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60000 PSI Tensile StrengthA 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA 563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts(Metric)B 221/B 221M Specification for Aluminum
10、and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Shapes and Tubes.B 746/B 746M Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Al-loy Structural Plate for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches,and ArchesB 790/B 790M Practice for Structural Design of CorrugatedAluminum Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Culverts,Storm Se
11、wers, and Other Buried Conduits2.2 AASHTO Standard:Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges3LRFD Bridge Design Specifications2.3 FHWA Standard:HDS No. 5, Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, ReportNo. FHWA-NHI-010-020, Sept. 2001 (Revised May2005)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific
12、to This Standard:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is under the direct responsibility of B07.08 on AluminumCulvert.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approve
13、d in 2007 as B 864/B 864M-00(2007).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American A
14、ssociation of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.4Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 PortRoyal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http:/www.ntis.gov.1*A Summary of Changes s
15、ection appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 box culverta generally rectangular conduit having across section symmetric about a vertical axis, with a longradius crown segment, short
16、radius haunch segments, andstraight side segments, with rib stiffeners (see Fig. 1).3.1.2 crownthe long radius top arc segment of a boxculvert cross section (see Fig. 1).3.1.3 haunchthe short radius segments at the upper cor-ners of a box culvert cross section, making the transitionbetween the long
17、radius crown segment and the straight sidesegments (see Fig. 1).3.1.4 rib stiffenersspaced extruded aluminum structuralmembers, curved to the shape of the transverse cross section ofbox culverts and attached by field-bolting to the corrugatedplate shell (see Fig. 1).3.1.5 risethe clear inside vertic
18、al dimension from thebottom of the straight side segments of a box culvert to thecrown, measured at the axis of symmetry (see Fig. 1).3.1.6 shellthe continuous, structural enclosure of the boxculvert consisting of modular, field-assembled, and boltedcorrugated aluminum plate members forming the crow
19、n,haunch, and side segments (see Fig. 1).3.1.7 spanthe clear inside horizontal dimension of a boxculvert, measured at the bottom of the straight side segments(see Fig. 1).4. Classification4.1 Aluminum box culverts consist ofa9by212 in. 229 by64 mm corrugated aluminum plate shell in combination withe
20、xtruded aluminum stiffening ribs. The plate thickness, stiff-ener type, and spacing class at the crown and haunch of the boxculvert may differ, provided they satisfy the ordering informa-tion and the design properties (see 5.1 and 6.1). The platethickness and stiffener type and spacing class may be
21、variedalong the length of the box culvert in accordance with coverand loading requirements, as agreed upon between the pur-chaser and the fabricator.4.2 Rib Stiffener Type and Spacing Class:4.2.1 Rib stiffeners shall consist of Type 1, Type 2, or Type10 at the option of the fabricator. Geometry, sec
22、tion, andmechanical properties must conform to the requirements ofFig. 2 or Fig. 3. Rib stiffener spacing classes shall be as definedin 4.2.2-4.2.5 and illustrated in Fig. 4 or Fig. 5.4.2.2 Class A Spacing, consisting of either Type 1, Type 2,or Type 10 external rib stiffeners spaced at 54 in. 1372
23、mmcenter-to-center.4.2.3 Class B Spacing, consisting of either Type 1, Type 2,or Type 10 external rib stiffeners spaced at 27 in. 686 mmcenter-to-center.4.2.4 Class C Spacing, consisting of either Type 1, Type 2,or Type 10 external rib stiffeners spaced at 18 in. 457 mmcenter-to-center.4.2.5 Class D
24、 Spacing, consisting of either Type 1 or Type2 external rib stiffeners spaced at 9 in. 229 mm center-to-center.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for products specified herein shall include thefollowing information required as necessary to adequatelydescribe the desired product characteristics:5.1.1
25、Name of product (corrugated aluminum box culvert),5.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue, as B XXX-_for inch-pound units or B XXXM-_ for SI units,5.1.3 Number of structures,5.1.4 Nominal dimensions of each structure including therise, span, length (measured along the bottom centerline), andcross s
26、ectional area required,NOTE 1The nominal length increment is 2.25 ft 0.68 m. Speciallengths can be provided.5.1.5 Minimum and maximum cover height over structuretop centerline (measured from the inside crest of the corrugatedplate to the finished surface of the traveled way),NOTE 2The minimum and ma
27、ximum cover height is assumed toapply to the entire length of the structure unless the purchaser specifiesotherwise. The design specifications limit cover height to a range ofbetween 1.4 ft and 5.0 ft 0.43 m and 1.52 m. Small deviations in theheight of cover can make a significant difference in the
28、design. It isrecommended that the purchaser specify minimum and maximum coverheights to the nearest 0.1 ft 30 mm.5.1.6 Dead load unit weight, if different than 120 lb/ft31920kg/m3,5.1.7 Structure live load vehicle configuration, if differentthan AASHTO HS 20-44 (see AASHTO Standard Specifica-tions f
29、or Highway Bridges),FIG. 1 Box Culvert GeometryB 864/B 864M 082Type 1 Type 2Alloy 6061-T6 6061-T6Yield Strength 35 ksi 240 MPa 35 ksi 240 MPaTensile Strength 38 ksi 260 MPa 38 ksi 260 MPaArea 1.71 in.21103 mm22.27in21465 mm2Center of Area Yc = 1.02 in. 26.0 mm Yc = 1.76 in. 44.8 mmPlastic Modulus 1.
30、70 in.327 858 mm3.68.343 917 mm3Plastic Moment Mp = 4.97 k-ft 6.72 kN-m Mp = 7.81 k-ft 10.60 kN-mFIG. 2 Geometry and Nominal Design Properties for Types 1 and 2 RibsType 10 RibAlloy 6061-T6Yield Strength 35 ksi 240 MPaTensile Strength 38 ksi 260 MPaArea 7.166 in.24623 mm2Center of Area Yc = 2.228 in
31、. 56.6 mmPlastic Modulus 11.074 in.3= 181 465 mm3Plastic Moment Mp = 32.23 k-ft 43.7 kN-mFIG. 3 Geometry and Nominal Design Properties for Type 10 RibsB 864/B 864M 0835.1.8 Corrugated footing pads or full invert plates, if re-quired. For box culverts not supported on concrete footings,allowable foun
32、dation bearing capacity, if different than 2tons/ft2192 kPa,NOTE 3Design procedures for corrugated footing pads or full invertplates are beyond the scope of this specification. However, generalconsiderations for design of structural plate arch footings are given inPractice B 790/B 790M. Also, specif
33、ic design criteria for similar applica-tions are available in AASHTO Standard Specifications for HighwayBridges and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.5.1.9 End treatment (bevel, skew, grade or slope correc-tions, corrugated aluminum headwalls, cut-off walls, or otherspecial provision), if req
34、uired,NOTE 4End conditions involving beveled or skewed cut ends mayrequire a structural support wall or collar. The design procedures for theseend treatments as well as for vertical headwalls are beyond the scope ofthis specification.5.1.10 Other special requirements such as stubs, tap-ins,saddles,
35、elbows, etc., if required, and5.1.11 Material certification, if required (see 13.1).NOTE 5Typical ordering information may be described as: ( 1) Onecorrugated aluminum box culvert, in accordance with ASTM B XXX-_, 7 ft, 3 in. rise by 20 ft, 6 in. span by 45 ft long, having a 1.4 ftminimum cover and
36、a 3.0 ft maximum cover, with full invert plates; or (2) Two corrugated aluminum box culverts, in accordance with ASTMB XXXM-_, each being 1.96 m rise by 4.67 m span by 18.3 m long,each having 0.43 m minimum and maximum covers, assuming a dead loadunit weight of 2162 kg/m3, having full invert plates
37、and having ends slopeadjusted for 2 % grade, including certification.6. Design Properties6.1 The required plastic moment capacities shall be deter-mined for the crown and haunch segments of the box culvert inaccordance with the ordering information and AASHTO Stan-dard Specifications for Highway Bri
38、dges or AASHTO LRFDBridge Design Specifications. The AASHTO Standard Speci-fications for Highway Bridges and AASHTO LRFD BridgeDesign Specifications are applicable for the range of geometriclimits given in Fig. 1 and Table 1.7. Materials7.1 The corrugated plate material utilized for the shell shallb
39、e fabricated from aluminum sheet or plate conforming to thechemical, mechanical, thickness and shape requirements ofSpecification B 746/B 746M. Section properties for the corru-gated plate are provided in Practice B 790/B 790M.7.2 Rib stiffeners shall be extruded shapes conforming tothe chemical and
40、 mechanical requirements of SpecificationB 221/B 221M for 6061-T6. Their dimensions and the re-quired, nominal section properties developed are shown in Fig.2 and Fig. 3.FIG. 4 Rib Stiffener Spacing Classes for Type 1 and Type 2 RibsFIG. 5 Rib Stiffener Spacing Classes for Type 10 RibsTABLE 1 Geomet
41、ric Limits of Box CulvertsElementsAMinimum MaximumSpan (S) 8.75 ft 2.67 m 25.42 ft 7.75 mRise (R) 2.50 ft 0.76 m 10.50 ft 3.20 mRadius of crown (rc) . 24.79 ft 7.56 mRadius of haunch (rh) 2.50 ft 0.76 m .Haunch angle (D) 50 70Length of leg (D) 0.50 ft 0.15 m 5.2 ft 1.59 mLength of rib on leg (t)B.AS
42、ee Fig. 1 for illustration of geometric elements.BMinimum 19 in. 483 mm or length of leg (D) minus 3 in. 76 mm, whicheveris less.B 864/B 864M 0847.3 Corrugated aluminum footing and invert members,when specified, shall conform to the same material require-ments as 7.1. Thickness shall be as required
43、by the design (seeNote 3) and shall not be less than 0.100 in. 2.5 mm.7.4 Corrugated aluminum headwalls, when specified, shallconform to the same material requirements as 7.1. Aluminumwalers, tie-back rods, deadman anchors, and other aluminumstructural members shall conform to the mechanical andchem
44、ical requirements of 7.2. Any steel tie-back rods, dead-man anchors, or other steel structural member shall meet therequirements of Specification A 36/A 36M. Where they areinstalled in contact with aluminum members steel membersshall be hot-dip galvanized after fabrication in accordance withthe coat
45、ing requirements of Specification A 123/A 123M. Thethickness, shape, and dimensions of headwall and incidentalmembers shall be as required by the design (see Note 4).7.5 Aluminum cut-off walls, when specified, shall conformto the same material requirements as 7.1 and provide a nominalthickness of 0.
46、10 in. 2.5 mm.7.6 Bolts and nuts required to join corrugated plates to-gether, or to join corrugated plates to the stiffeners or otherstructural members, shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification B 746/B 746M. Bolts and nuts for joining struc-tural and other items that are not corrugated sha
47、ll conform tothe requirements of Specification B 746/B 746M or alterna-tively meet or exceed the requirements of Specification A 307,Grade A and Specifications A 563 and A 563M. Steel bolts andnuts shall be hot-dip galvanized in accordance with Specifica-tion A 153/A 153M, Class C.8. Fabrication8.1
48、The corrugated aluminum shell of the box culvert shallconform to the geometric dimensional limits specified in Table1 and shall be subject to the manufacturing tolerances in9.1-9.3.8.2 Corrugated aluminum shell plates shall be fabricated inaccordance with Specification B 746/B 746M.8.3 Extruded alum
49、inum rib stiffeners shall consist of annu-lar rings conforming to the shape and dimensions of thestructural plate shell. The bolt holes shall be punched so that allmembers having like dimensions and curvature are inter-changeable. Sufficient bolt holes shall be provided in thecorrugated shell to match the arrangement, number, andspacing of bolt holes in the stiffeners. The layout of thestiffeners relative to the corrugated shell shall be in accordancewith 4.2 for the stiffe
