1、Designation: C110 141C110 15Standard Test Methods forPhysical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, andLimestone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1 NOTEAdded research report footnote to Secti
3、on 19 editorially in March 2015.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover physical testing of quicklime and hydrated lime, and of limestone not otherwise covered inASTMstandards.2NOTE 1Quicklime and hydrated lime have a high affinity for moisture and carbon dioxide. Caution should be taken to protect bot
4、h hydrated andquicklime during sampling, storage, and testing (see Practice C50).1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order:Plastic Property Testing SectionStandard Consistency of Lime Putty 5Plasticity of Lime Putty 6Water Retention of Hydrated Lime 7Air Entrainment 8Soundness TestingAut
5、oclave Expansion of Hydrated and Hydraulic Lime 9Popping and Pitting of Hydrated Lime 10Application TestingSlaking Rate of Quicklime 11Dry Brightness of Pulverized Limestone 12Limestone Grindability Determination by the Laboratory Ball MillMethod13Settling Rate of Hydrated Lime 14Particle Size Analy
6、sisResidue and Sieve Analysis 15Sieve Analysis of Dry Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime 16Fineness of Pulverized Quicklime and Hydrated Lime by AirPermeabiity17Particle Size of Pulverized Limestone 18Dry Screening of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime, andLimestone by Air Jet Sieving19Wet Sie
7、ve Analysis of Agricultural Liming Materials 20Density MeasurementApparent Loose Density of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime,and Limestone21Apparent Packed Density of Hydrated Lime, PulverizedQuicklime, and Limestone22Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Hydrated Lime Products 231.3 The values
8、stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parenthesesbrackets are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associat
9、ed with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime and Limestone and are the dir
10、ect responsibility of Subcommittee C07.06 on PhysicalTests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014June 1, 2015. Published December 2014August 2015. Originally approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 20112014as C110 11.C110 141. DOI: 10.1520/C0110-14E01.10.1520/C0110-15.2 For tests on limes
11、tone as aggregate, see Vol 04.02 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. For tests on limestone as building stone, see Vol 04.05 of the Annual Bookof ASTM Standards.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have bee
12、n made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document
13、.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C28/C28M Specification for Gypsum PlastersC50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
14、C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)C91 Specification for Masonry CementC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesC150 Specifica
15、tion for Portland CementC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement MortarC188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability ApparatusC207 S
16、pecification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry PurposesC230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic CementC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consis
17、tencyC430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) SieveC472 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum, Gypsum Plasters and Gypsum ConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Constr
18、uction MaterialsC702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing SizeC778 Specification for SandC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing ofHydraulic CementsC1107 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Gro
19、ut (Nonshrink)D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practic
20、e for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUnless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms used in this standard these test methods see TerminologyC51.4. General Procedures4.1 SamplingSamples of lime and limestone for physic
21、al analysis shall be taken and prepared in accordance with therequirements of Practice C50 applicable to the material to be tested.4.2 Calculation:4.2.1 The calculations included in the individual procedures sometimes assume that the exact weight specified has been used.Accurately weighed samples wh
22、ich are approximately but not exactly equal to the weight specified may be used providedappropriate corrections are made in the calculation. Unless otherwise stated, weights of all samples and residues should be recordedto the nearest 0.0001 g.4.2.2 In all mathematical operations on a set of observe
23、d values, the equivalent of two more places of figures than in the singleobserved values shall be retained. For example, if observed values are read or determined to the nearest 0.1 mg, carry numbersto the nearest 0.001 mg in calculation.4.3 Rounding FiguresRounding of figures to the nearest signifi
24、cant place required in the report should be done after thecalculations are completed, in order to keep the final results free from calculation errors. The rounding procedure should followthe principle outlined in Practice E29.PLASTIC PROPERTY TESTING5. Standard Consistency of Lime Putty5.1 Significa
25、nce and Use:3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.C110 1525.1.1 In order to measure certain physica
26、l properties of a lime putty, such as plasticity, it is necessary to have a uniform orstandard consistency (viscosity), since the property measurement is affected by the consistency level.5.2 Apparatus:5.2.1 Modified Vicat ApparatusThe apparatus, constructed as shown in Fig. 1, shall consist of a br
27、acket, A, bearing a movablebrass rod, B, 6.3 mm in diameter and of suitable length to fit the Vicat bracket. A plunger, C, 12.5 mm in diameter, made ofaluminum tubing, shall be attached to the lower end of the rod. The total weight of the rod with plunger shall be 30 g. The lowerend of the plunger s
28、hall be closed without shoulders or curvature and the tube may be loaded with shot to the specified weight.The total weight required may also be obtained by means of a weight, D, screwed into the rod. The rod can be held in any positionby means of a screw, E, and has a mark midway between the ends w
29、hich moves under a scale, F, graduated in millimetres, attachedto the bracket, A.5.2.2 MoldThe conical ring mold shall be made of a noncorroding, nonabsorbent material, and shall have an inside diameterof 70 mm at the base and 60 mm at the top, and a height of 40 mm.5.2.3 Base PlateThe base plate fo
30、r supporting the ring mold shall be of plate glass and about 100 mm square.5.2.4 Mechanical Mixers.5.3 Standard Consistency Determination:5.3.1 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Vac-U-MixerTo a measured amount of water contained in an 800-cm800 cm3Vac-U-Mix bowl, add 300 g of hydrated lime and h
31、and mix for 10 s with a stiff spatula (Note 2). Cover putty to prevent evaporationof water.After the applicable soaking period, 30 min maximum for Type S, special hydrated lime, and not less than 16 h nor morethan 24 h for Type N, normal hydrated lime, insert the paddle assembly and mix the putty fo
32、r 30 s with the mechanical mixer.Remove the paddle assembly and scrape down any putty adhering to it and to the sides of the mixing bowl. Remix for 30 s anddetermine the consistency as prescribed in 5.3. If the penetration is less than 15 mm, return all of the material to the mixer bowl,add addition
33、al water, and remix for 15 s. If the penetration is greater than 25 mm, repeat the test.NOTE 2Most lime hydrates will require 250 to 300 mL of water to produce a putty of proper consistency for this test if 300 g of lime are used.5.3.2 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Hobart N-50 MixerTo a meas
34、ured amount of water contained in the N-50mixing bowl, add 600 g of hydrated lime and hand mix for 10 s with a stiff spatula (Note 3). Cover putty to prevent evaporationof water.After the applicable soaking period, 30 min maximum for Type S, special hydrated lime, and not less than 16 h nor morethan
35、 24 h for Type N, normal hydrated lime, insert the paddle assembly and mix the putty for 1 min at a slow speed. Stop the mixerand scrape down the paddle and the sides of the mixing bowl. Remix for 4 min at a slow speed. Determine the consistency asprescribed in 5.3.3. If the penetration is less than
36、 15 mm, return all of the material to the mixing bowl, add additional water, andremix for 15 s. If the penetration is more than 25 mm, repeat the test.FIG. 1 Modified Vicat ApparatusC110 153NOTE 3Most lime hydrates will require 500 to 600 mL of water to produce a putty of proper consistency for this
37、 test if 600 g of lime are used.5.3.3 Consistency DeterminationTo determine consistency, place the mold with its larger end resting on the glass base plateand fill with the lime putty. Then strike off the putty flush with the top of the mold. Center the lime putty, confined in the ring moldresting o
38、n the plate, under the rod of the modified Vicat apparatus (Fig. 1). Bring the plunger end, C, in contact with the surfaceof the lime putty and take an initial reading. Release the rod and take the final reading 30 s after the plunger is released. The limeputty is of standard consistency when a pene
39、tration of 20 6 5 mm is obtained. Record both the total amount of water required tobring the putty to standard consistency and the actual penetration. Proceed with the plasticity determination in accordance with 6.3.5.4 Precision and Bias:5.4.1 The precision and bias of this test method has not been
40、 determined.6. Plasticity of Lime Putty6.1 Significance and Use:6.1.1 This test method provides a measure of the degree of stiffening of lime putty of standard consistency as water is withdrawnfrom it by a standard suction base plate.6.1.2 Plasticity is an important property when applying mixtures c
41、ontaining lime putty to porous or absorptive surfaces suchas in plastering, stuccoing, and masonry construction.6.2 Apparatus:6.2.1 Determine the plasticity of lime putty using the plasticimeter shown in Fig. 2.46.2.2 Cleaning and Care of Base PlatesBase plates may be made of porcelain or plaster. I
42、n making the plasticitydeterminations, much of the success attainable depends upon the condition of the base plates. In the case of porcelain plates whichare reused, improper cleaning results in clogging of the pores with reduction in the rate of absorption. After a porcelain plate has4 The sole sou
43、rce of supply of the Emley Plasticimeter known to the committee at this time is Geotest Instrument Corporation, 910 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201,USA. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive care
44、ful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee 1, which you may attend.Constants of the Machine:Absorption of Porcelain and Plaster Base Plateminimum of 40 g in 24 h. Forrate rate of absorption of base plates see 6.2.3.2.Dimension of Base Plate25 mm (1 in.)1 in. in thickness by
45、 100 mm (4 in.)4 in. indiameter. diameter.Dimensions of Disk0.8 to 12.7 mm (132 to 12 in.)in. in thickness by 76 mm(3 in.) 3 in. in diameter.Speed of Vertical Shaft1One revolution in 6 min, 40 s.Torque on Disk when Bob Reading is 1001.41 Nm.FIG. 2 Emley PlasticimeterC110 154been used, wipe the exces
46、s lime off and immerse the plate in clear water for not less than 2 h, after which transfer it without dryingto a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl, 1 + 9) where it shall be kept immersed for another 2 h. Then transfer to a receptaclecontaining running water for at least 1 h. The plate is th
47、en free of acid. After the removal of excess water, place the plate in anoven overnight at a temperature of between 100 and 110C (212 and 230F) for drying. Before using, cool the plate to roomtemperature. In the case of plaster base plates, dry the base plates prior to use in plasticity or absorptio
48、n testing in an oven at atemperature between 37.8 and 48.9C (100 and 120F) until they achieve a constant weight. Before using, cool the plaster plateto room temperature in a dessicator charged with a drying agent. If the plate is not to be used immediately after reaching roomtemperature, continue to
49、 store the plate in the dessicator until such time that it is to be used. Plaster base plates shall not be reusedafter plasticity, total absorption, or rate of absorption testing (see 6.2.3).6.2.3 Absorption of Plasticimeter Base Plates:6.2.3.1 Total AbsorptionPlasticimeter base plates when immersed in water at room temperature for a period of 24 h shallabsorb not less than 40 g of water. Before making the determination, dry the porcelain plates overnight in an oven at a temperaturebetween 100 and 110C (212 and 230F) and permit to
