1、Designation: C 1141 06Standard Specification forAdmixtures for Shotcrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1141; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers materials proposed for use asadmixtures to be added to a portland-cement shotcrete mixturefor the purpose of altering the proper
3、ties of the mixture.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to
4、 use.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight)
5、,Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Sp
6、ecification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash orNatural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement ConcreteC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for
7、Use in ConcreteC 979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally ColoredConcreteC 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC 1398 Test Method for The Laboratory Determination ofthe Time of
8、Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Contain-ingAdditives for Shotcrete by the Use of Gillmore NeedlesC 1438 Specification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modi-fiers for Hydraulic Cement Concrete and MortarD98 Specification for Calcium Chloride2.2 ACI Documents:318 Building Code Requirements for Reinfor
9、ced Concrete33. Terminology3.1 The terms used in this standard are defined in Termi-nology C 125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 dry-mix shotcreteShotcrete in which most of themixing water is added at the nozzle.3.2.2 shotcreteMortar or concrete pneumatically pro-jected at h
10、igh velocity onto a surface.3.2.3 wet-mix shotcreteShotcrete in which most of theingredients, including the water, are mixed prior to introduc-tion into the delivery hose.4. Classification4.1 This specification recognizes grades of admixtures, usedin shotcrete made by either of two processes, as fol
11、lows:4.1.1 Type IDry mix shotcrete.4.1.1.1 Grade 1Accelerating admixture, conventional.4.1.1.2 Grade 2Retarding admixture.4.1.1.3 Grade 3Pozzolanic admixture.4.1.1.4 Grade 4Metallic iron admixture.4.1.1.5 Grade 5Coloring admixture.4.1.1.6 Grade 6Organic polymer admixture.4.1.1.7 Grade 7Not applicabl
12、e.4.1.1.8 Grade 8Not applicable.4.1.1.9 Grade 9Accelerating admixture, quick-setting.4.1.2 Type IIWet-mix shotcrete.4.1.2.1 Grade 1Accelerating admixture, conventional.4.1.2.2 Grade 2Retarding admixture.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggre
13、gates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.46 on Shotcrete.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 1141 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM C
14、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150, Detroit, MI48219.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Co
15、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.2.3 Grade 3Pozzolanic admixture.4.1.2.4 Grade 4Metallic iron admixture.4.1.2.5 Grade 5Coloring admixture.4.1.2.6 Grade 6Organic polymer admixture.4.1.2.7 Grade 7Water reducing admixtur
16、e.4.1.2.8 Grade 8Air-entraining admixture.4.1.2.9 Grade 9Accelerating admixture, quick-setting.4.1.3 Each of the above grades is further classified byidentifying it according to the following classes:4.1.3.1 Class ALiquid.4.1.3.2 Class BNon-liquid.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser shall inclu
17、de the following information inthe contract or purchase order, if applicable:5.1.1 The specification designation and date of issue,5.1.2 Type of shotcrete, grade and class of admixture,5.1.3 Quantity of admixture required,5.1.4 Special packaging and package marking requirements,5.1.5 Special samplin
18、g for inspection requirements, and5.1.6 Any supplementary requirements.6. Requirements6.1 Shotcrete admixtures shall conform to the requirementsfor the applicable type and grade as given in Table 1.6.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing that the admixture supplie
19、d is essentiallyidentical in concentration, composition, and performance to theadmixture previously tested under this specification and foundto comply with the applicable requirements thereof.6.3 Requirements for establishing compositional or chemi-cal equivalence of a lot or of a subsequent lot rel
20、ative to aprevious lot that was subjected to quality tests and found tocomply with the applicable requirements may be determinedby agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. Atthe request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall recommendappropriate test procedures, such as infrared spect
21、rophotom-etry, pH value, and solids content, for establishing the equiva-lence of material from different lots or different portions of thesame lot.6.4 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing the chloride content of the admixture.NOTE 1Ultraviolet absorption of soluti
22、ons and infrared spectroscopyof dried residues have been found to be valuable for these purposes. Thespecific procedures to be employed and the criteria to establish equiva-lence should be stipulated with due regard to the composition andproperties of the sample.NOTE 2Admixtures containing relativel
23、y large amounts of chlorideions may make embedded metals susceptible to corrosion when moistureand oxygen are present in hardened shotcrete.7. Sampling7.1 Access shall be provided to the purchaser for carefulsampling, either at the point of manufacture, or at the site of thework, as may be specified
24、 by the purchaser.7.2 Samples shall be either grab or composite samples, asspecified or required by this specification.Agrab sample is onesecured in a single operation. A composite sample is oneobtained by combining three or more grab samples.TABLE 1 Shotcrete Admixture RequirementsType IDry-Mix Sho
25、tcreteGrade Admixture ASTM Standard Other Limits1 Accelerating, conventional D98, C 494 Type C or E2 Retarding C 494 Type B or D3 Pozzolanic C 618, C 989, C 12404 Metallic iron Not established The metallic particles shall be ground iron free from rust, oil, foreign materials,and nonferrous metal par
26、ticles. The grading of the metallic aggregates shall beas follows when tested according to C 136:U.S. Sieve No. %Passing4.75 mm (No. 4) 1002.36 mm (No. 8) 901001.18 mm (No. 16) 7085600 m (No. 30) 2035300 m (No. 50) 010150 m (No. 100) 055 Coloring C 979 Even when using materials conforming to C 979,
27、it may be difficult to obtainuniformity of coloring because of the placement procedures in dry-mixshotcreting.6 Organic Polymer C 14389 Accelerating, quick-setting C 1398 Initial time of setting 1 to 3 min and final time of setting not more than 12 min intwo of every three tests and chloride llmits
28、of ACI 318 shall not be exceeded.Type IIWet-Mix ShotcreteGrade Admixture ASTM Standard Other Limits1 Accelerating, conventional D98, C 494 Types C or E2 Retarding C 494, Type B, D or G3 Pozzolanic C 618, C 989, C 12404 Metallic iron Not established See Type I, Grade 45 Coloring C 9796 Organic Polyme
29、r C 14387 Water reducing C 494, Types A, D, E, F, or G8 Air-entraining C 2609 Accelerating, quick-setting C 1398 See Type I, Grade 9C11410627.3 The sample size for each class of admixture shall be asfollows:7.3.1 Class A Liquid Admixtures:7.3.1.1 Liquid admixtures shall be agitated thoroughly im-med
30、iately prior to sampling. Individual grab samples shallrepresent not more than 2500 gal (9500 L) of admixture andshall have a volume of at least 1 qt (1 L). A minimum of fourgrab samples shall be taken from different locations welldistributed throughout the quantity to be represented. Compos-ite sam
31、ples shall be prepared by thoroughly mixing the selectedgrab samples, and the resultant mixture sampled to provide atleast 1 gal (4 L) for testing.7.3.1.2 Admixtures in bulk storage tanks shall be sampledequally from the upper, intermediate, and lower levels bymeans of drain cocks in the sides of th
32、e tanks, or a weightedsampling bottle fitted with a stopper that can be removed afterthe bottle is lowered to the desired depth.7.3.1.3 Samples shall be packaged in impermeable, airtightcontainers which are resistant to attack by the admixture.7.3.2 Class B Non-liquid Admixtures:7.3.2.1 Individual g
33、rab samples (except pozzolanic) shallnot represent more than 2 tons (2 Mg) of admixture and shallweigh at least 2 lb (1 Kg). A minimum of four grab samplesshall be taken from different locations well distributed through-out the quantity to be represented. Composite samples shall beprepared by thorou
34、ghly mixing the selected grab samples, andthe resultant mixture sampled to provide at least 5 lb (2.1 Kg)for testing. Grading of composite samples shall be determinedfor each 2 tons (2 Mg) of Grade 4 metallic iron admixturesshipped.7.3.2.2 Pozzolanic admixtures shall be sampled and testedin accordan
35、ce with the requirements established in Test Meth-ods C311.7.3.2.3 Samples of packaged admixtures shall be obtainedby means of a tube sampler as described in Practice C 183.7.3.2.4 When recommended by the manufacturer, the entiresample of an admixture shall be dissolved in water prior totesting.7.3.
36、2.5 Samples shall be packaged in moisture-proof, air-tight containers.8. Number of Tests and Retests8.1 The number of tests and retests to be performed onspecified materials shall be the number stipulated in thereferenced ASTM standard.9. Specimen Preparation9.1 The specimens for tests shall be prep
37、ared as required bythe particular test method referenced by the ASTM specifica-tion relating to the particular admixture.NOTE 3It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests with theadmixture be made using all of the ingredients of the shotcrete proposedfor the specified work, because the effec
38、t produced by the admixture mayvary with the properties of the other ingredients of the concrete.10. Inspection10.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon be-tween the purchaser and supplier as part of the purchasecontract.11. Rejection11.1 The shotcrete admixture may be rejected if it fail
39、s tomeet any of the applicable requirements of this specification.See Table 1.11.2 An admixture stored at the point of manufacturer formore than six months prior to shipment or an admixture inlocal storage by a vendor for more than six months aftercompletion of tests, may be retested before use and
40、may berejected if it fails to conform to any of the applicablerequirements of this specification.11.3 Packages or containers varying more than 2 % from thespecified weight or volume shall be rejected. If the averageweight or volume of 50 packages taken at random is less thanthat specified, the entir
41、e shipment shall be rejected.11.4 When the admixture is to be used in non-air-entrainedwet-mix shotcrete, it shall be rejected if the tested shotcretecontaining the admixture has an air content greater than 5 %.When the admixture is to be used in air-entrained wet-mixshotcrete, it shall be rejected
42、if the tested shotcrete containingthe admixture has an air content greater than 12 % or less than5 %. The air content shall be determined on a sample takenprior to shooting in accordance with either of Test MethodsC 138, C 173 or C 231.11.5 Rejection and reason(s) for rejection shall be reportedto t
43、he producer or supplier promptly in writing.12. Certification12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, acertificate shall be furnished to the purchaser that the materialhas been tested in accordance with this specification and foundto meet the requirements. When specified in the purchas
44、e orderor contract, a report of test results on samples taken frommaterial shipped shall be furnished. The test report requested inaccordance with the purchase order shall be furnished within60 days after shipment of the order.13. Product Marking13.1 When the admixture is delivered in packages or co
45、n-tainers, the proprietary name of the admixture, the type, grade,and class under this specification, and the net weight or volumeshall be plainly marked thereon. Similar information shall beprovided in the shipping paper accompanying packaged or bulkmaterials.14. Supplementary Requirements14.1 Supp
46、lementary requirements may be specified by thepurchaser and apply only when they appear separately on thepurchase contract or order.14.2 Quality assurance requirements shall be specified inthe purchase contract or order with a reference to a pertinentdocument agreed upon by the supplier and purchase
47、r.C1141063SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C 1141 01, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved June 1, 2006)(1) Replaced Test Method C 1102 with Test Method C 1398 inTable 1 and Referenced Docum
48、ents.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights
49、, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hear
