1、Designation: C1171 05 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forQuantitatively Measuring the Effect of Thermal Shock andThermal Cycling on Refractories1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used for determining the strengthloss or reduction in conti
3、nuity, or both, of prism-shapedspecimens which are cut from refractory brick or shapes andsubjected to thermal cycling.1.2 The strength loss is measured by the difference inmodulus of rupture (MOR) between uncycled specimens andthe specimens subjected to thermal cycling.1.3 The reduction in structur
4、al continuity is estimated by thedifference in sonic velocity before and after thermal cycling.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered
5、 standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Re
6、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-lus of Rupture of RefractoriesC607 Practice for Coking Large Shapes of Carbon-BearingMaterialsC1419 Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Refractory Mate-rials at Room Temperature and Its Use in Obtaining anAppro
7、ximate Youngs ModulusE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method indicates the ability of a refractoryproduct to withstand the stress generated by su
8、dden changes intemperature.3.2 Because the recommended furnace temperature of thiscycling test is 1200C (2190F), this test method may notindicate the ability of a refractory product to withstand cyclingat higher or lower temperatures, especially if the existingmorphology of the refractory product ch
9、anges.3.3 This test method is useful for research and development,as well as for comparing refractory products. The precisionshould be considered when using this test for specificationpurposes.3.4 Ruggedness tests found the following variables to berugged:temperature +5Chot spacing12 to34 in. (12.77
10、 to 19 mm)cold spacing12 to34 in. (12.77 to 19 mm)center vs. end gripping of the barshotholdtime 10to15mincoldholdtime 10to15minoperator air speed 0 to 2 mi/h (0 to 3.2 km/h)initially cold or heated sampleslast in, first out (LIFO); or first in, first out (FIFO)removal from the furnacesawed or origi
11、nal surface as tensile face during MOR testingbar thickness 0.96 to 1.04 in. (24.5 to 26.4 mm)4. Apparatus4.1 Furnace, capable of maintaining 1200C (2190F) withrecovery rate of less than 5 min to temperature.4.2 Abrasive Saw, to cut the test specimens.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of A
12、STM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on ThermalProperties.Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1991 as C1171 91. Last previous edition approved in 2005 asC1171 05. DOI: 10.1520/C1171-05R11.2For reference
13、d ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
14、shohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 Dryer, capable of operating at 105C to 110C (220F to230F).4.4 Tongs or Fork, for handling hot specimens.4.5 Safety Equipment, such as gloves, face shields, andtinted safety glasses.4.6 Alumina Setter Brick, 90 %, placed 5 in. (127 mm) apartin and outside t
15、he furnace.4.7 Strength Testing MachineAny form of standard me-chanical or hydraulic compression testing machine that con-forms to the requirements of Practices E4 may be used.4.8 Sonic Velocity MachineTest apparatus3conforming tothe section on Test Apparatus of Test Method C1419.5. Sampling5.1 The
16、sampling shall consist of at least two bricks orshapes, or test samples made from monolithic refractories. Atleast ten test specimens shall be used. An equal number ofspecimens shall be taken from each of the bricks or shapes.5.2 Samples should be prefired to a temperature at least ashigh as the tes
17、t temperatures.6. Test Specimens6.1 Test specimens shall be 1 6132 in. by 1 6132 in. byapproximately 6 in. (25 6 0.8 by 25 6 0.8 by approximately152 mm). Note in the report if other specimen sizes are used.Specimens cut from brick shall have at least one original bricksurface. If cut shapes, the spe
18、cimens shall be taken parallel tothe longest dimension. For irregular shapes, all four longsurfaces of the specimens may be cut faces. Note this in thereport.6.2 Opposite faces of the specimen shall be approximatelyparallel, and adjacent faces shall be approximately perpendicu-lar.6.3 Measure the wi
19、dth and depth of the test specimen atmid-span to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.3 mm).6.4 Specimens should be visually crack- and flaw-free.6.5 Dry specimens to constant weight at 105 to 110C (220to 230F).6.6 Carbon-containing samples must be coked according toPractice C607 and must be wrapped in foil4duri
20、ng the cyclingprocedure. See Fig. 1 for the wrapping technique.7. Procedure7.1 Measure the sonic velocity along the length of each testspecimen according to Test Method C1419 and divide thespecimens into two equal groups on the basis of similardistributions of velocity measurements.7.2 Determine the
21、 cold modulus of rupture (using TestMethods C133) on one group, using three point loading with a5-in. (127-mm) span and a loading rate of 175 lbf/min (778N/mm).7.3 Preheat the test furnace to the test temperature of 12006 15C (2190 6 25F); preheating is usually done the nightprior to testing. Use of
22、 other test temperatures is allowed andmust be included as a deviation in the report.7.4 Place the test specimens from the remaining group intothe furnace spanning the setter brick and allow them to remainthere for 10 to 15 min. Then, remove the specimens from thefurnace and allow them to cool for 1
23、0 to 15 min while spanningthe setter brick in ambient air. This is considered one full cycle.Keep the specimens12 to34 in. (12.77 to 19 mm) apart duringeach 10 to 15 min interval. Repeat for a total of five full cycles.Cycle time in the furnace starts after recovery.7.5 Measure the sonic velocity (u
24、sing Test Method C1419)along the length of each cycled test specimen.7.6 Determine the cold modulus of rupture (using TestMethods C133) of each cycled test specimen from the secondgroup, using three point loading with a 5-in. (127-mm) spanand a loading rate of 175 lbf/min (778 N/mm) or 0.05 in./min(
25、1.27 mm/min).8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the percent sonic velocity loss of each speci-men as follows:V02 VFV03 100where:V0= original sonic velocity of each specimen, ft/s (m/s),andVF= sonic velocity of each specimen after testing, ft/s(m/s).8.2 Calculate the percent modulus of rupture strength loss
26、 ofeach specimen as follows:M02 MfM03 100where:M0= average modulus of rupture strength of the un-shocked specimens from the first group after testing,psi (MPa), and3A commercially available instrument, such as a James V-Meter, Pundit, orequivalent, is an acceptable test apparatus.4The sole source of
27、 supply of the Rao-Foil heat resistant foil (item number RAAMS 5592, 24-in. (610-mm) wide, 0.002-in. (0.05-mm) thick), known to thecommittee at this time is Rolled Alloys, 125 West Sterns Rd., Temperance, MI. Ifyou are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternatio
28、nal Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.FIG. 1 Foil Wrapping for Prism Shock Test (Not to Scale)C1171 05 (2011)2Mf= modulus of rupture strength of each specimen for thesecond group after testing, psi
29、 (MPa).9. Report9.1 Report the individual sonic velocity, modulus of rupture,percent sonic velocity loss, and percent modulus of rupturestrength loss values, as well as the average percent sonicvelocity loss, the average percent modulus of rupture loss, andthe furnace temperature. Report the number
30、of test specimensincluded in any modulus of rupture calculation. The reportshall also list any deviations from standard test requirements.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory round-robin test was conducted in 1988 among six laboratories onthree different types of re
31、fractory products. Each laboratorytested two specimens from each of five samples of each ofthree different types. Each laboratory determined sonic veloc-ity and modulus of rupture strength after cycling to 1200C.The components of variance from this study expressed asstandard deviation and relative s
32、tandard deviation are given inTable 1. Refer to Practice E691 for calculation of componentsof variance.10.2 PrecisionThe results of the interlaboratory study areshown in Table 1. The precision was found to vary based on thetype of material tested. A test result should be consideredsignificantly diff
33、erent at a confidence level of 95 % if therepeatability or reproducibility, or both, exceeds the precisiondata listed in Table 1.10.3 BiasNo justifiable statement of bias is possible sincetrue variables cannot be established by an acceptable referencemethod.11. Keywords11.1 modulus of rupture; refra
34、ctories; sonic velocity; ther-mal cyclingC1171 05 (2011)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such paten
35、t rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited eithe
36、r for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair he
37、aring you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standar
38、d may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Rel
39、ative PrecisionModulus of RuptureBrick Type MOR Lost, % CoefficientWithin Lab, %VariationBetween Labs, %RepeatabilityInterval, Percentof AverageReproducibilityInterval, Percentof Average70 % Alumina:Specimen 1Specimen 220.6819.4459.4353.0965.3366.51166.40148.64182.92186.2360 % MgO DB:Specimen 1Speci
40、men 259.4855.5225.7419.9229.3622.1872.0755.7882.2162.10MgOC:Specimen 1Specimen 223.5831.4946.1074.3196.8283.01129.08208.07271.09232.42Sonic VelocityBrick TypeSonic VelocityLost, %Coefficient WithinLab,%VariationBetween Labs, %RepeatabilityInterval, Percentof AverageReproducibilityInterval, Percentof Average70 % Alumina:Specimen 1Specimen 214.0313.7911.6217.3721.7423.3732.5348.6360.8766.9660 % MgO DB:Specimen 1Specimen 242.4144.1914.157.9819.1413.8539.6132.3553.5838.78MgOC:Specimen 1Specimen 222.6423.756.0838.6978.9094.7617.03108.33220.92265.33C1171 05 (2011)4
