1、Designation: C1171 15C1171 16Standard Test Method forQuantitatively Measuring the Effect of Thermal Shock andThermal Cycling on Refractories1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used for determining the strength loss or reduction in continuity, or
3、 both, of prism-shaped specimenswhich are cut from refractory brick or shapes and subjected to thermal cycling.1.2 The strength loss is measured by the difference in modulus of rupture (MOR) between uncycled specimens and thespecimens subjected to thermal cycling.1.3 The reduction in structural cont
4、inuity is estimated by the difference in sonic velocity before and after thermal cycling.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered sta
5、ndard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenc
6、ed Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of RefractoriesC607 Practice for Coking Large Shapes of Carbon-Bearing MaterialsC1419 Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Refractory Materials at Room Temperature and Its Use in Obtaining an Approximate
7、Youngs ModulusE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal Properties.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2016. Published December
8、2015November 2016. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20112015as C1171 05C1171 15.(2011). DOI: 10.1520/C1171-15.10.1520/C1171-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST
9、M Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically po
10、ssible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
11、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method indicates the ability of a refractory product to withstand the stress generated by sudden changes intemperature
12、.3.2 Because the recommended furnace temperature of this cycling test is 1200C (2190F), this test method may not indicatethe ability of a refractory product to withstand cycling at higher or lower temperatures, especially if the existing morphology ofthe refractory product changes.3.3 This test meth
13、od is useful for research and development, as well as for comparing refractory products. The precision shouldbe considered when using this test for specification purposes.3.4 Ruggedness tests found the following variables to be rugged:temperature +5Chot spacing 12 to 34 in. (12.77 to 19 mm)cold spac
14、ing 12 to 34 in. (12.77 to 19 mm)center vs. end gripping of the barshot hold time 10 to 15 mincold hold time 10 to 15 minoperator air speed 0 to 2 mi/h (0 to 3.2 km/h)initially cold or heated sampleslast in, first out (LIFO); or first in, first out (FIFO)removal from the furnacesawed or original sur
15、face as tensile face during MOR testingbar thickness 0.96 to 1.04 in. (24.5 to 26.4 mm)4. Apparatus4.1 Furnace, capable of maintaining 1200C (2190F) with recovery rate of less than 5 min to temperature.4.2 Abrasive Saw, to cut the test specimens.4.3 Dryer, capable of operating at 105C to 110C (220F
16、to 230F).4.4 Tongs or Fork, for handling hot specimens.4.5 Safety Equipment, such as gloves, face shields, and tinted safety glasses.4.6 Alumina Setter Brick, 90 %, placed 5 in. (127 mm) apart in and outside the furnace.4.7 Strength Testing MachineAny form of standard mechanical or hydraulic compres
17、sion testing machine that conforms to therequirements of Practices E4 may be used.4.8 Sonic Velocity MachineTest apparatus3 conforming to the section on Test Apparatus of Test Method C1419.5. Sampling5.1 The sampling shall consist of at least two bricks or shapes, or test samples made from monolithi
18、c refractories. At least tentest specimens shall be used. An equal number of specimens shall be taken from each of the bricks or shapes.5.2 Samples should be prefired to a temperature at least as high as the test temperatures.3 A commercially available instrument, such as a James V-Meter, Pundit, or
19、 equivalent, is an acceptable test apparatus.FIG. 1 Foil Wrapping for Prism Shock Test (Not to Scale)C1171 1626. Test Specimens6.1 Test specimens shall be 1 6 132 in. by 1 6 132 in. by approximately 6 in. (25 6 0.8 by 25 6 0.8 by approximately 152mm). Note in the report if other specimen sizes are u
20、sed. Specimens cut from brick shall have at least one original brick surface.If cut shapes, the specimens shall be taken parallel to the longest dimension. For irregular shapes, all four long surfaces of thespecimens may be cut faces. Note this in the report.6.2 Opposite faces of the specimen shall
21、be approximately parallel, and adjacent faces shall be approximately perpendicular.6.3 Measure the width and depth of the test specimen at mid-span to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.3 mm).6.4 Specimens should be visually crack- and flaw-free.6.5 Dry specimens to constant weight at 105 to 110C (220 to 230F)
22、.6.6 Carbon-containing samples must be coked according to Practice C607 and must be wrapped in foil4 during the cyclingprocedure. See Fig. 1 for the wrapping technique.7. Procedure7.1 Measure the sonic velocity along the length of each test specimen according to Test Method C1419 and divide the spec
23、imensinto two equal groups on the basis of similar distributions of velocity measurements.7.2 Determine the cold modulus of rupture (using Test Methods C133) on one group, using three point loading with a 5-in.(127-mm) span and a loading rate of 175 lbf/min (778 N/mm).7.3 Preheat the test furnace to
24、 the test temperature of 1200 6 15C (2190 6 25F); preheating is usually done the night priorto testing. Use of other test temperatures is allowed and must be included as a deviation in the report.7.4 Place the test specimens from the remaining group into the furnace spanning the setter brick and all
25、ow them to remain therefor 10 to 15 min. Then, remove the specimens from the furnace and allow them to cool for 10 to 15 min while spanning the setterbrick in ambient air. This is considered one full cycle. Keep the specimens 12 to 34 in. (12.77 to 19 mm) apart during each 10 to15 min interval. Repe
26、at for a total of five full cycles. Cycle time in the furnace starts after recovery.7.5 Measure the sonic velocity (using Test Method C1419) along the length of each cycled test specimen.7.6 Determine the cold modulus of rupture (using Test Methods C133) of each cycled test specimen from the second
27、group,using three point loading with a 5-in. (127-mm) span and a loading rate of 175 lbf/min (778 N/mm) or 0.05 in./min (1.27 mm/min).8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the percent sonic velocity loss of each specimen as follows:V02VFV0 3100where:V0 = original sonic velocity of each specimen, ft/s (m/s), a
28、ndVF = sonic velocity of each specimen after testing, ft/s (m/s).8.2 Calculate the percent modulus of rupture strength loss of each specimen as follows:M02MfM0 3100where:M0 = average modulus of rupture strength of the unshocked specimens from the first group after testing, psi (MPa), andMf = modulus
29、 of rupture strength of each specimen for the second group after testing, psi (MPa).9. Report9.1 Report the individual sonic velocity, modulus of rupture, percent sonic velocity loss, and percent modulus of rupturestrength loss values, as well as the average percent sonic velocity loss, the average
30、percent modulus of rupture loss, and the furnacetemperature. Report the number of test specimens included in any modulus of rupture calculation. The report shall also list anydeviations from standard test requirements and the variables included in this testing such as specimen sizes, actual temperat
31、ure ofcycling, the Sonic Velocity Machine used, the sample prefiring temperature, and the particular refractory material tested.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory round-robin test was conducted in 1988 among six laboratories on threedifferent types of refractory p
32、roducts. Each laboratory tested two specimens from each of five samples of each of three different4 Foil made from 330 stainless steel can be used.C1171 163types. Each laboratory determined sonic velocity and modulus of rupture strength after cycling to 1200C. The components ofvariance from this stu
33、dy expressed as standard deviation and relative standard deviation are given in Table 1. Refer to PracticeE691 for calculation of components of variance.10.2 PrecisionThe results of the interlaboratory study are shown in Table 1. The precision was found to vary based on thetype of material tested. A
34、 test result should be considered significantly different at a confidence level of 95 % if the repeatabilityor reproducibility, or both, exceeds the precision data listed in Table 1.10.3 BiasNo justifiable statement of bias is possible since true variables cannot be established by an acceptable refe
35、rencemethod.11. Keywords11.1 modulus of rupture; refractories; sonic velocity; thermal cyclingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinat
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40、rance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1 Relative PrecisionModulus of RuptureBrick Type MOR Lost, % CoefficientWithin Lab, % VariationBetween Labs, %RepeatabilityInterval, Percentof AverageReproducibilityInterval, Percentof Average70 % Alumina:Specimen 1Speci
41、men 220.6819.4459.4353.0965.3366.51166.40148.64182.92186.2360 % MgO DB:Specimen 1Specimen 259.4855.5225.7419.9229.3622.1872.0755.7882.2162.10MgOC:Specimen 1Specimen 223.5831.4946.1074.3196.8283.01129.08208.07271.09232.42Sonic VelocityBrick Type Sonic VelocityLost, % Coefficient WithinLab,% Variation
42、Between Labs, %RepeatabilityInterval, Percentof AverageReproducibilityInterval, Percentof Average70 % Alumina:Specimen 1Specimen 214.0313.7911.6217.3721.7423.3732.5348.6360.8766.9660 % MgO DB:Specimen 1Specimen 242.4144.1914.157.9819.1413.8539.6132.3553.5838.78MgOC:Specimen 1Specimen 222.6423.756.0838.6978.9094.7617.03108.33220.92265.33C1171 164
