1、Designation: C 118 05aStandard Specification forConcrete Pipe for Irrigation or Drainage1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 118; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe tobe used for the conveyance of irrigation water with workingpressures, including hydr
3、aulic transients, as shown in Table 1and for use in drainage.1.2 A complete SI companion to Specification C 118 hasbeen developedC 118M; therefore, no SI equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is for manufacturing and purchase only anddoes not include requirements fo
4、r bedding, backfill, installation, or fieldrepairs. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate field conditions withthe characteristics of the pipe specified and provide inspection duringinstallation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 150 Specifi
5、cation for Portland CementC 497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or TileC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 989 Sp
6、ecification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcrete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according t
7、o this specification shallbe known as “ASTM Standard Concrete Irrigation Pipe,”“ASTM Standard Concrete Drainage Pipe,” or “ASTM Heavy-Duty Concrete Drainage Pipe.”5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by theresults of the tests prescribed in this specification,
8、if and whenrequired and by inspection to determine whether the pipeconforms to this specification as to design and freedom fromdefects.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral, aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall confo
9、rm to the requirementsfor portland cement of Specification C 150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement, or slag modified portland cement, orportland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the
10、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onReinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain, and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. Originallyapproved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 118 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
11、www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Standard Dimensions, Working Pressure, and TestRequirements for Standard Concrete Irrigation PipeAInternalDes
12、ignatedDiameter, in.Thicknessof Wall,T,in.WorkingPressure,BftMinimumInternalHydrostaticTest Pressure,psiMinimumThree-Edge-BearingLoad, lbf/linear ft678 30 50 13008 1 30 50 135010 118 30 50 140012 114 25 45 150014 138 25 45 160015 112 25 45 165016 112 25 45 170018 134 25 45 180020 2 25 40 185021 218
13、25 40 190024 214 25 40 2000AFor hydrostatic test requirements, refer to 10.5.BHigher working pressures are not prohibited up to a maximum of 40 ft for 6through 8-in. diameters, 35 ft for 10 through 12-in. diameters, and 30 ft. for 14-in.through 24-in. diameters. In these cases, the strength of the p
14、ipe shall beincreased to give a minimum of at least four times the design working pressurewhen tested as specified in 10.5.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Specification C 595, except that the pozzolan constituent in t
15、heType IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C 618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C 989.6.2.4 Allowable Com
16、binations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combi
17、nation of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not toexceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and groundgranulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcem
18、entitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33, except that the requirements for gradation shall notapply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shallonly be used with the approval of the owner.6.5 Synthetic Fibers, Collated fibrillated virgin polypropy-lene fib
19、ers are not prohibited in concrete pipe as a nonstructuralmanufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers de-signed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete andconforming to the requirements of Specification C 1116 shallbe accepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesDesign requirements shall
20、be in accor-dance with Table 1 for standard concrete irrigation pipe or withthe applicable part of Table 2 for concrete drainage pipe. Wallthicknesses used shall be not less than the values shown, exceptas affected by the tolerances herein specified and by theprovision for alternative design.7.2 Mod
21、ified DesignManufacturers shall submit to theowner for approval prior to manufacture, wall thicknessesother than those shown in Table 1 or Table 2. Such pipe shallmeet all of the test and performance requirements specified bythe owner in accordance with Section 10.7.3 Laying LengthsUnless otherwise
22、specified by theowner when calling for bids, maximum lengths of individualunits of drainage pipe shall not exceed 30 in. for sizes 4 in.through 6 in., 36 in. for sizes 8 in. through 15 in., and 48 in. forlarger sizes.8. Joints8.1 The joints of both irrigation and drainage pipe shall beof such design
23、 and the ends of the concrete pipe sections soformed that the pipe can be laid together to make a continuousline of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given inSection 11.8.1.1 The joints of concrete drain tile shall conform to 8.1without the use of mortar or other jointing material and
24、allowwater to enter without permitting the entrance of deleteriousamounts of solids.9. Concrete Mixture9.1 The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, andthoroughly mixed with such proportions of cementitious ma-terials and water as will produce a homogeneous concretemixture of such quality
25、 that the pipe will conform to the testand design requirements of this specification.10. Physical Requirements Physical Requirements10.1 Test SpecimensSpecimens for tests shall be full-sizepipe which shall in every respect conform to the inspectionrequirements prescribed in this specification.10.2 N
26、umber and Type of Tests Required:10.2.1 The specimens to be tested shall be selected atrandom by the owner at the place of manufacture, and shall betested in advance of shipment. The manufacturer shall furnishspecimens for purpose of tests, without charge, up to 0.5 % ofthe number of pipe of each si
27、ze included in the order, exceptthat in no case shall less than two specimens be furnished, themanufacturer bearing all expense of testing each pipe. Shoulda larger number of specimens be tested upon demand of theowner or manufacturer, then the cost of such additional testspecimens and the expense o
28、f testing shall be borne by theparty making such demand.10.2.2 The owner shall specify the proportion of irrigationpipe specimens that shall be subjected to the three-edge-bearing load tests, and the proportion that shall be subjected tothe hydrostatic test.10.2.3 All drainage pipe to be tested shal
29、l be subjected tothe three-edge-bearing load tests, and one half of the number ofpipe so tested shall be subjected to the Test Method A or TestMethod B absorption test in accordance with Test MethodsC 497, or other absorption test approved by the owner.10.3 External Load Test RequirementsThe pipe, w
30、hentested in accordance with Test Methods C 497 shall sustain theload prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 for each respective sizeand class of pipe.TABLE 2 Physical Test Requirements for Standard and Heavy-Duty Concrete Drainage PipeAInternalDesignated Diameter,in.Standard Drainage Pipe Heavy-Duty Drai
31、nage PipeThicknessof Wall,in.MinimumThree-Edge-Bearing Load, lbf/linear ftThicknessof Wall,in.MinimumThree-Edge-Bearing Load,lbf/linear ft434 120034 1400534 125034 1400678 130078 14008 1 1350 1 150010 118 1400 118 155012 114 1500 114 170014 138 1600 112 185015 112 1650 112 198016 112 1700 158 210018
32、 134 1800 2 234020 2 1850 214 250021 218 1900 214 268024 214 2000 212 3000AFor absorption test requirements, refer to 10.4.C11805a210.3.1 It is not prohibited to fill depressions of exteriorsurface irregularities with plaster of paris to equalize thebearing surfaces. If mutually agreed upon between
33、the manu-facturer and owner, other types of bearings such as hard rubberblocks or sand-filled high-pressure hose are acceptable. Theuser of this specification is advised that sand or other loose finematerial may be spread along the length of the crown of thepipe to equalize the upper bearing.10.3.2
34、The load shall be applied continuously until thestrength specified in Table 1 or Table 2 is reached. The pipeshall not be allowed to stand under load longer than is requiredto apply the load and to observe and record it. The pipe shallbe surface-dry when tested. Tests shall not be made on frozenpipe
35、.10.4 Absorption TestTest specimens shall be subjected tothe boiling absorption test in accordance with Test MethodsC 497. For Test Method A, three test specimens shall be takenfrom each pipe unit to be tested; one of the pieces shall betaken from one end of the pipe, another piece from the opposite
36、end, and the third piece from near the center. For Test MethodA, each test specimen shall be free of visible cracks, shall havea minimum area of not less than 20 in.2as measured on onesurface. The average absorption of the three specimens shall beconsidered to be the absorption for that pipe. The ab
37、sorption ofconcrete drainage pipe as determined by the boiling absorptiontest shall not exceed 9 % for Test Method A or 8.5 % for TestMethod B.10.5 Hydrostatic Tests:10.5.1 Irrigation pipe, when tested in accordance with thehydrostatic test procedures of Test Methods C 497, shallsustain an internal
38、hydrostatic pressure of 10 psi for 10 minwithout excessive leakage through the wall of the pipe.Moisture appearing on the surface of the pipe in the form ofpatches or beads adhering to the surface shall not be consideredas excessive leakage. Slow-forming beads of water frompinholes that result in mi
39、nor dripping and slight pinhole spurtsthat will not interfere with the use of the pipe in service will notbe cause for rejection.10.5.2 The pipe shall not fail when, after completion of theportion of the test described in 10.5.1, the pressure is increasedto the minimum hydrostatic pressure specified
40、 in Table 1.10.6 RetestsIrrigation pipe shall be acceptable under theload and hydrostatic test requirements when all test specimensconform to the test requirements. Drainage pipe shall beacceptable under the load and absorption test requirementswhen all the test specimens conform to the test require
41、ments.Should any of the initial test specimens fail to meet the testrequirements, the manufacturer will be allowed a retest on twoadditional specimens for each initial specimen that failed, andthe tested lot will be acceptable only if all retest specimensmeet the test requirements. In the event thes
42、e retest specimensdo not fully conform to the test requirements, the entire lotshall be rejected without further test. The manufacturer shallbear all the expense of retesting.11. Permissible Variations11.1 Internal DiameterThe internal diameter shall not beless than the values shown in Table 1 and T
43、able 2 by more than316 in. for pipe 4, 5, or 6 in. in diameter, by more than14 in. forpipe from 8 to 18 in. in diameter, and by not more than516 in.for pipe over 18 in. in diameter.11.2 Wall ThicknessThe minimum wall thickness of thepipe shall be not more than 5 %, or116 in., whichever isgreater, le
44、ss than the wall thickness specified in Table 1 orTable 2 for the applicable class of pipe, or as specified in anapproved alternative design.12. Workmanship and Finish12.1 Pipe shall be substantially free of fractures and surfaceroughness.13. Repairs13.1 Pipe repaired because of occasional imperfect
45、ions inmanufacturing or accidental injury during handling will beacceptable if, in the opinion of the owner, the repairs are soundand properly finished and cured and the repaired pipe conformsto the requirements of this specification.14. Inspection14.1 The quality of all materials and the finished p
46、ipe shallbe subject to inspection and approval by the owner.15. Rejection15.1 Individual pipe units shall be subject to rejection onaccount of failure to conform to any of the specificationrequirements or on account of any of the following:15.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall exceptfo
47、r an end crack that does not exceed the depth of the joint, ora fracture that at its deepest point does not exceed the depth ofthe joint nor extend more than 10 % around the circumferenceof the joint.15.1.2 Defects that indicate mixing and molding, not incompliance with 9.1.15.1.3 The complete absen
48、ce of distinct web-like markingsfrom the external surface of the pipe made by any process inwhich the forms are removed immediately after the concretehas been placed, which is indicative of a deficiency of water inthe concrete mix, unless all specimens submitted for test thatdo not have such web-lik
49、e markings shall have passed thephysical tests herein required.16. Product Marking16.1 The letter “H” shall be stamped with waterproof ink, orother permanent manner, on all heavy-duty concrete drainagepipe.17. Keywords17.1 absorption; acceptance criteria; concrete; design;drainage; hydrostatic; irrigation; joints; manufacture; nonrein-forced; pipe; pressure; tests; three-edge bearingC11805a3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standa
