1、Designation: C 118M 05aMETRICStandard Specification forConcrete Pipe for Irrigation or Drainage Metric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 118M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe tobe used for the conveyance of irrigation water with workingpressures,
3、 including hydraulic transients, as shown in Table 1and for use in drainage.1.2 This specification is the SI counterpart of SpecificationC 118.NOTE 1This specification is for manufacturing and purchase only anddoes not include requirements for bedding, backfill, installation, or fieldrepairs. The ow
4、ner is cautioned that he must correlate field conditions withthe characteristics of the pipe specified and provide inspection duringinstallation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 497M Test Methods for Concrete
5、 Pipe, Manhole Sec-tions, or Tile MetricC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceS
6、lag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcrete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shallbe known as “ASTM Stan
7、dard Concrete Irrigation Pipe,”“ASTM Standard Concrete Drainage Pipe,” or “ASTM Heavy-Duty Concrete Drainage Pipe.”5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by theresults of the tests prescribed in this specification, if and whenrequired and by inspection to determi
8、ne whether the pipeconforms to this specification as to design and freedom fromdefects.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland cement of Spec
9、ification C 150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement, or slag-modified portland cement, or1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforced Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe.Current edit
10、ion approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 118M 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa
11、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Standard Dimensions, Working Pressure, and TestRequirements for Standard Concrete Irrigation PipeAInternalDesignatedDiameter, mmThicknessof Wall,T,mmWorkingPressure,BkPaMinimumInternalHydrostaticTest Pressure,kPaMinimumThr
12、ee-Edge-Bearing Load,kN/linear m150 22 90 345 19.0200 25 90 345 19.5250 29 90 345 20.5300 32 75 310 22.0350 35 75 310 23.5375 38 75 310 24.0400 38 75 310 25.0450 44 75 310 26.5500 50 75 275 27.0525 54 75 275 27.5600 57 75 275 29.0AFor hydrostatic test requirements, refer to 10.5.BHigher working pres
13、sures are not prohibited up to a maximum of 120 kPa for150 through 200-mm diameters, 105 kPa for 250 through 300-mm diameters, and90 kPa for 350 through 600-mm diameters. In these cases, the strength of the pipeshall be increased to give a minimum internal hydrostatic test pressure of at leastfour t
14、imes the design working pressure when tested as specified in 10.5.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C 595, except that the pozzolan constituent in
15、theType IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C 618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C 989.6.2.4 Allowable Co
16、mbinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A comb
17、ination of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not toexceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and groundgranulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalce
18、mentitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33, except that the requirements for gradation shall notapply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shallonly be used with the approval of the owner.6.5 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropy-lene fibe
19、rs are not prohibited in concrete pipe as a nonstructuralmanufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers de-signed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete andconforming to the requirements of Specification C 1116 shallbe accepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesDesign requirements shall b
20、e in accor-dance with Table 1 for standard concrete irrigation pipe or withthe applicable part of Table 2 for concrete drainage pipe. Wallthicknesses used shall be not less than the values shown, exceptas affected by the tolerances herein specified and by theprovision for alternative design.7.2 Modi
21、fied DesignManufacturers shall submit to theowner for approval prior to manufacture, wall thicknessesother than those shown in Table 1 or Table 2. Such pipe shallmeet all of the test and performance requirements specified bythe owner in accordance with Section 10.7.3 Laying LengthsUnless otherwise s
22、pecified by theowner when calling for bids, maximum lengths of individualunits of drainage pipe shall not exceed 750 mm for sizes 100mm through 150 mm, or 900 mm for sizes 200 mm through375 mm, and 1200 mm for larger sizes.8. Joints8.1 The joints of both irrigation and drainage pipe shall beof such
23、design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections soformed that the pipe can be laid together to make a continuousline of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given inSection 11.8.1.1 The joints of concrete drain tile shall conform to 8.1without the use of mortar or other jointing materia
24、l and allowwater to enter without permitting the entrance of deleteriousamounts of solids.9. Concrete Mixture9.1 The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, andthoroughly mixed with such proportions of cementitious ma-terials and water as will produce a homogeneous concretemixture of such q
25、uality that the pipe will conform to the testand design requirements of this specification.10. Physical Requirements Physical Requirements10.1 Test SpecimensSpecimens for tests shall be full-sizepipe which shall in every respect conform to the inspectionrequirements prescribed in this specification.
26、10.2 Number and Type of Tests Required:10.2.1 The specimens to be tested shall be selected atrandom by the owner at the place of manufacture, and shall betested in advance of shipment. The manufacturer shall furnishspecimens for purpose of tests, without charge, up to 0.5 % ofthe number of pipe of e
27、ach size included in the order, exceptthat in no case shall less than two specimens be furnished, themanufacturer bearing all expense of testing each pipe. Shoulda larger number of specimens be tested upon demand of theowner or manufacturer, then the cost of such additional testspecimens and the exp
28、ense of testing shall be borne by theparty making such demand.10.2.2 The owner shall specify the proportion of irrigationpipe specimens that shall be subjected to the three-edge-bearing load tests, and the proportion that shall be subjected tothe hydrostatic test.10.2.3 All drainage pipe to be teste
29、d shall be subjected tothe three-edge-bearing load tests, and one half of the number ofpipe so tested shall be subjected to the Test Method A or TestMethod B absorption test in accordance with Test MethodsC 497M, or other absorption test approved by the owner.10.3 External Load Test RequirementsThe
30、pipe, whentested in accordance with Test Methods C 497M shall sustainTABLE 2 Physical Test Requirements for Standard and Heavy-Duty Concrete Drainage PipeAInternalDesignatedDiameter, mmStandard Drainage Pipe Heavy-Duty Drainage PipeThickness ofWall, mmMinimumThree-Edge-Bearing Load,kN/linear mThickn
31、ess ofWall, mmMinimumThree-Edge-Bearing Load,kN/linear m100 19 17.5 19 20.5125 19 18.0 19 20.5150 22 19.0 22 20.5200 25 19.5 25 22.0250 29 20.5 29 22.5300 32 22.0 32 25.0350 35 23.5 38 27.0375 38 24.0 38 29.0400 38 25.0 41 30.5450 44 26.5 50 34.0500 50 27.0 57 36.5525 54 27.5 57 39.0600 57 29.0 63 4
32、4.0AFor absorption test requirements, refer to 10.4.C 118M 05a2the load prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 for each respectivesize and class of pipe.10.3.1 It is not prohibited to fill depressions of exteriorsurface irregularities with plaster of paris to equalize thebearing surfaces. If mutually agre
33、ed upon between the manu-facturer and owner, other types of bearings such as hard rubberblocks or sand-filled high-pressure hose are acceptable. Theuser of this specification is advised that sand or other loose finematerial may be spread along the length of the crown of thepipe to equalize the upper
34、 bearing.10.3.2 The load shall be applied continuously until thestrength specified in Table 1 or 2 is reached. The pipe shall notbe allowed to stand under load longer than is required to applythe load and to observe and record it. The pipe shall besurface-dry when tested. Tests shall not be made on
35、frozenpipe.10.4 Absorption TestTest specimens shall be subjected tothe boiling absorption test in accordance with Test MethodsC 497M. For Test Method A, three test specimens shall betaken from each pipe unit to be tested; one of the pieces shallbe taken from one end of the pipe, another piece from t
36、heopposite end, and the third piece from near the center. For TestMethod A, each test specimen shall be free of visible cracks,shall have a minimum area of not less than 130 cm2asmeasured on one surface. The average absorption of the threespecimens shall be considered to be the absorption for thatpi
37、pe. The absorption of concrete drainage pipe as determinedby the boiling absorption test shall not exceed 9 % for TestMethod A or 8.5 % for Test Method B.10.5 Hydrostatic Tests:10.5.1 Irrigation pipe, when tested in accordance with thehydrostatic test procedures of Test Methods C 497M, shallsustain
38、an internal hydrostatic pressure of 70 kPa for 10 minwithout excessive leakage through the wall of the pipe.Moisture appearing on the surface of the pipe in the form ofpatches or beads adhering to the surface shall not be consideredas excessive leakage. Slow-forming beads of water frompinholes that
39、result in minor dripping and slight pinhole spurtsthat will not interfere with the use of the pipe in service will notbe cause for rejection.10.5.2 The pipe shall not fail when, after completion of theportion of the test described in 10.5.1, the pressure is increasedto the minimum hydrostatic pressu
40、re specified in Table 1.10.6 RetestsIrrigation pipe shall be acceptable under theload and hydrostatic test requirements when all test specimensconform to the test requirements. Drainage pipe shall beacceptable under the load and absorption test requirementswhen all the test specimens conform to the
41、test requirements.Should any of the initial test specimens fail to meet the testrequirements, the manufacturer will be allowed a retest on twoadditional specimens for each initial specimen that failed, andthe tested lot will be acceptable only if all retest specimensmeet the test requirements. In th
42、e event these retest specimensdo not fully conform to the test requirements, the entire lotshall be rejected without further test. The manufacturer shallbear all the expense of retesting.11. Permissible Variations11.1 Internal DiameterSee Table 3.At the manufacturersoption, the internal diameter sha
43、ll be one of two alternatives,the Designated Diameter or the Converted English Diameter.Pipe sections that are intended to be jointed to each other shallbe furnished with the same internal diameter alternative. Theinternal diameter of pipe manufactured to the DesignatedDiameters shall vary from the
44、Designated Diameter not morethan 65 mm for 150 mm pipe and smaller, 67 mm for 200 mmpipe to 450 mm pipe, and 68 mm for 500 mm pipe and larger.The internal diameter of pipe manufactured to the ConvertedEnglish Diameter shall vary from the Converted EnglishDiameter not more than 65 mm for 152 mm pipe
45、and smaller,67 mm for 203 mm pipe to 457 mm pipe, and 68 mm for 508mm pipe and larger. For pipe manufactured to ConvertedEnglish Diameters, the corresponding Designated Diametershown in Table 3 shall apply for all other requirements of thisspecification.11.2 Wall ThicknessThe minimum wall thickness
46、of thepipe shall be not more than 5 % or 2 mm, whichever is greater,less than the wall thickness specified in Table 1 or Table 2 forthe applicable class of pipe, or as specified in an approvedalternative design.12. Workmanship and Finish12.1 Pipe shall be substantially free of fractures and surfacer
47、oughness.13. Repairs13.1 Pipe repaired because of occasional imperfections inmanufacturing or accidental injury during handling and will beacceptable if, in the opinion of the owner, the repairs are soundand properly finished and cured and the repaired pipe conformsto the requirements of this specif
48、ication.14. Inspection14.1 The quality of all materials and the finished pipe shallbe subject to inspection and approval by the owner.15. Rejection15.1 Individual pipe units shall be subject to rejection onaccount of failure to conform to any of the specificationrequirements or on account of any of
49、the following:TABLE 3 Internal DiametersDesignated Diameter,mmEquivalent EnglishDiameter, inConverted EnglishDiameter, mm100 4 102125 5 127150 6 152200 8 203250 10 254300 12 305350 14 356375 15 381400 16 406450 18 457500 20 508525 21 533600 24 610C 118M 05a315.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall exceptfor an end crack that does not exceed the depth of the joint, ora fracture that at its deepest point does not exceed the depth ofthe joint nor extend more than 10 % around the circumferenceof the joint.15.1.2 Defects that indicate mixing and moldin
