1、Designation: C 1193 09Standard Guide forUse of Joint Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates
2、the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes the use of a cold liquid-appliedsealant for joint sealing applications. Including joints onbuildings and related adjacent areas, such as plazas, d
3、ecks, andpavements for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types ofconstruction other than highways and airfield pavements andbridges. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to asingle and multi-component, cold liquid-applied joint sealantand secondarily to a precured sealant when used with
4、aproperly prepared joint opening and substrate surfaces.1.2 An elastomeric or non-elastomeric sealant described bythis guide should meet the requirements of Specification C 834,C 920,orC 1311.1.3 This guide does not provide information or guidelinesfor the use of a sealant in a structural sealant gl
5、azing applica-tion. Guide C 1401 should be consulted for this information.Additionally, it also does not provide information or guidelinesfor the use of a sealant in an insulating glass unit edge seal usedin a structural sealant glazing application. Guide C 1249 shouldbe consulted for this informati
6、on.1.4 Practice C 919 should be consulted for information andguidelines for the use of a sealant in an application where anacoustic joint seal is required.1.5 This guide also does not provide information relative tothe numerous types of sealant that are available nor specificgeneric sealant properti
7、es, such as hardness, tack-free time, orcuring process, among others. Guide C 1299 should be con-sulted for information on generally accepted comparativevalues for the characteristics and properties of the morecommon generic types of liquid-applied sealant.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be
8、 regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthesis are provided forinformation only.1.7 The Committee with jurisdiction for this standard is notaware of any comparable standards published by other orga-nizations.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
9、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices, and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is notaware of any comparable standards
10、published by other orga-nizations.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 510 Test Method for Staining and Color Change ofSingle- or Multicomponent Joint SealantsC 717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC 719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-meric Joint Sealants Under Cycl
11、ic Movement (HockmanCycle)C 792 Test Method for Effects of Heat Aging on WeightLoss, Cracking, and Chalking of Elastomeric SealantsC 794 Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of ElastomericJoint SealantsC 834 Specification for Latex SealantsC 919 Practice for Use of Sealants in Acoustical Applica-tionsC
12、920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsC 1083 Test Method for Water Absorption of Cellular Elas-tomeric Gaskets and Sealing MaterialsC 1087 Test Method for Determining Compatibility ofLiquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used in Struc-tural Glazing SystemsC 1135 Test Method for Determin
13、ing Tensile AdhesionProperties of Structural SealantsC 1247 Test Method for Durability of Sealants Exposed toContinuous Immersion in LiquidsC 1248 Test Method for Staining of Porous Substrate byJoint SealantsC 1249 Guide for Secondary Seal for Sealed InsulatingGlass Units for Structural Sealant Glaz
14、ing ApplicationsC 1253 Test Method for Determining the Outgassing Poten-tial of Sealant BackingC 1299 Guide for Use in Selection of Liquid-Applied Seal-antsC 1311 Specification for Solvent Release Sealants1This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on BuildingSeals and Sealants an
15、d is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 onSpecifications, Guides and Practices.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 119305a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.ast
16、m.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C 1330 Sp
17、ecification for Cylindrical Sealant Backing forUse with Cold Liquid-Applied SealantsC 1382 Test Method for Determining Tensile AdhesionProperties of Sealants When Used in Exterior Insulationand Finish Systems (EIFS) JointsC 1401 Guide for Structural Sealant GlazingC 1442 Practice for Conducting Test
18、s on Sealants UsingArtificial Weathering ApparatusC 1472 Guide for Calculating Movement and Other EffectsWhen Establishing Sealant Joint WidthD 2203 Test Method for Staining from Sealants3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology C 717 for definitionsof the following terms used in this guide:
19、 adhesive failure,bicellular sealant backing, blooming, bond-breaker, bridgesealant joint, butt sealant joint, cell, cellular material, chalk,chalking, chemically curing sealant, closed cell, closed cellmaterial, closed cell sealant backing, cohesive failure, compat-ibility, compatible materials, co
20、mpound, control joint, creep,cure, cured, dirt pick-up, durability, durability limit, elasto-meric, elongation, expansion joint, fillet sealant joint, gasket,hydrostatic pressure, isolation joint, fluid migration, joint filler,laitance, latex sealant, modulus, non-sag sealant, open cell,open cell ma
21、terial, open cell outgassing, premature deteriora-tion, primer, reversion, rundown, seal, sealant, sealant backing,self-leveling sealant, service life, shelf-life, shrinkage, siliconesealant, skin, solvent release sealant, structural sealant, sub-strate, tooling, tooling time, weathertight, working
22、life (potlife).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 precured sealant, na preformed, factory cured, elas-tomeric material.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides information and guidelines forconsideration by the designer or applicator of a joint seal. Itexplains the proper
23、ties and functions of various materials, suchas sealant, sealant backing, and primer, among others; and,procedures such as, substrate cleaning and priming, andinstallation of the components of a sealed joint. It presentsguidelines for the use and application of the various materials,design of a seal
24、ant joint for a specific application, andenvironmental conditions and effects that are known to detri-mentally affect a sealant joint. The information and guidelinesare also useful for those that supply accessories to the sealantindustry and for those that install sealants and accessorymaterials ass
25、ociated with sealant use.4.2 In addition to the design and installation data in thisguide, consult the sealant manufacturer about applications forits products and their proper use and installation. Consideringthe range of properties of commercially available sealants, thevariety of joint designs pos
26、sible, and the many conditions ofuse, the information contained herein is general in nature.4.3 To assist the user of the guide in locating specificinformation, a detailed listing of guide numbered sections andtheir descriptors are included in Appendix X2.5. General Considerations5.1 GeneralProper s
27、election and use of a sealant isfundamental to its ultimate performance, service life, anddurability. A sealant joint subjected to movement and othersimilar performance factors should be designed for the particu-lar application to avoid compromising its performance capa-bility and causing failure (S
28、ee 15). If not designed for theparticular application, failure is a distinct probability. Equallyimportant is the proper selection and use of other materials andproducts associated with sealant use. These include substratecleaner, surface conditioner or primer, type of sealant backingmaterial, bond-
29、breaker, and joint filler, among others. Theability of a sealant installation to remain weathertight iscritically dependent on proper preparation, continuity, anddurability of the substrates to which the sealant will adhere,and compatibility of the sealant with the materials it willcontact, includin
30、g the substrates. The proper application andinstallation of the various materials and products, following theestablished joint design criteria, avoids premature deteriorationof the sealant joint. For a sealant joint that is difficult orexpensive to access (for example, tall buildings and certainroof
31、s) a sealant should be selected that will have excellentenvironmental weathering characteristics to minimize mainte-nance. The following sections describe joint design guidelinesand the properties and use of a sealant and its associatedmaterials.5.2 DurabilityThe durability of a sealant and a sealan
32、tjoint is related to many factors. For example, environmentalexposure to solar radiation, ozone, heat-aging, and atmosphericcontaminants can lessen sealant durability. Inadequate con-struction tolerances and improper sealant joint design formovement and other effects can contribute to sealant jointf
33、ailure, which is usually expressed as adhesive or cohesivefailure of the sealant. Inadequate installation (for example,where the sealant profile is inappropriate for movement, wheresubstrates have not been properly cleaned and, if required,primed, and the sealant inadequately tooled, among others) i
34、sa common cause of failure. Conditions of exposure and design(where, for example, a sealant joint is exposed to constantwetting or to pedestrian or other traffic) can lessen sealant andsealant joint durability. The type of sealant, its primarypolymer backbone, and the particular sealant formulation
35、canalso contribute to lessened durability, especially if a sealant isused in an application, or under conditions of use, notappropriate for it. Frequently, various combinations of envi-ronmental exposure and conditions of use occur which canresult in lessened durability. For example, depending on se
36、alanttype, joint movement combined with heat aging and coldweather exposure or joint movement combined with heat agingand moisture can result in failure. To enhance durability, it isimportant that the sealant type is matched to the conditions ofuse and exposure and that the sealant joint is of prope
37、r designfor those conditions of use and exposure. In any event, eventualreplacement of a sealant that has reached its durability limitmust be planned for in the initial design and installation tofacilitate future remedial work.C11930925.2.1 Durability TestingPresently, testing for sealant du-rabilit
38、y consists of exposing small-scale sealant samples toconditions intended to simulate the effects of movements (as inPractice C 719), and to artificial weathering by actinic radia-tion, moisture, and heat, without cycling movement, in alaboratory accelerated weathering device according to PracticeC 1
39、442. Additionally, environmental exposure at various loca-tions (for example Florida, Arizona, Texas, and certain sites innorthern latitudes) is also conducted. Correlation of artificialweathering to environmental exposure is important to assessthe relevance of laboratory test results to predicting
40、sealantperformance during environmental use (1, 2). Laboratory teststo date indicate that at least several thousand hours of artificialweathering exposure is necessary to adequately predict aminimum level of environmental performance. For example, ifchanges occur five times faster in a laboratory de
41、vice thanunder environmental conditions (a typical average accelerationfactor for a number of materials), and the desired lifetime of amaterial is about five years, as much as one year of artificialweathering may be necessary to qualify a material for theapplication. The latest ASTM weathering stand
42、ards recom-mend as a minimum exposure time that necessary to produce asubstantial change in the property of interest for the least stablematerial being evaluated. However, this may not be longenough to qualify a material for the desired application.Environmental performance will vary with latitude.
43、For ex-ample, a sealant used in Chicago will perform differently thanthe same sealant used in Florida for a similar application.Compass orientation also has an effect, with a northerlyexposure sealant tending to last longer than a southerly. Theincident solar radiation is a primary contributing fact
44、or, amongothers, to lessened durability. Other conditions being equal, thesealant in Chicago will in general perform for a longer timeperiod than the same sealant used in Florida.5.2.1.1 The latest durability testing programs indicate thatartificial weathering performed concurrently with movement of
45、a sealant joint sample seems to more realistically predictsealant and sealant joint environmental performance (3, 4, 5,6). Current ASTM laboratory test methods, that include adurability component, such as C 719, do not provide anadequate prediction of sealant long-term environmental perfor-mance and
46、 therefore potential sealant and joint durability.5.2.1.2 Test method C 719 evaluates the movement of a newsealant without the benefit of any aging or weathering andthereby provides data only for an unaged sealant.5.2.1.3 The user of a sealant should realize that mostmanufacturers data sheets report
47、 laboratory testing data con-ducted in an idealized, as-cured state and not in a weatheredcondition that represents how the sealant will actually appearand perform on a building. Additionally, the performance andother properties reported on many data sheets does not includemovement during the curing
48、 process.5.2.1.4 Almost all building sealant applications havemovement-during-cure. These natural movements during curealmost always decrease the performance capability of a sealant.Therefore, data sheet performance properties, if correct, gen-erally overstate the expected environmental and cyclic m
49、ove-ment performance of a sealant. With this in mind, a sealantjoint design should always be performed with mitigatingdesign factors included in the design to account for movement-during-cure (See 12.5).5.3 AdhesionObtaining and then maintaining long-termadhesion of a sealant is the primary variable in a successfulinstallation. A sealant manufacturer will determine what isnecessary to achieve adequate adhesion to a particular sub-strate, and if a primer or surface conditioner is necessary, byusing laboratory test methods. In some applications, glass,metal or other substrates ma
