1、Designation: C1224 11Standard Specification forReflective Insulation for Building Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1224; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the general requirements andphysical properties of reflective insulations for use in buildingapplications. Th
3、ese insulation materials consist of one or morelow emittance surfaces, such as metallic foil or metallicdeposits, unmounted or mounted on substrates. Reflectiveinsulations derive thermal performance from surfaces with anemittance of 0.1 or less, facing enclosed air spaces.1.2 The values stated in in
4、ch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
5、theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Hea
6、t Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC727 Practice for Installati
7、on and Use of Reflective Insula-tion in Building ConstructionsC1258 Test Method for Elevated Temperature and Humid-ity Resistance of Vapor Retarders for InsulationC1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance ofInsulation Materials and FacingsC1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of Buildin
8、gMaterials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a HotBox ApparatusC1371 Test Method for Determination of Emittance ofMaterials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emis-sometersE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission o
9、fMaterials2.2 TAPPI Standard:T512 Creasing of Flexible Packaging Material Paper Speci-mens for Testing33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C168 shall apply to the termsin this specification.4. Ordering Information4.1 Prior to purchase, for sampling and acceptance proce-dures, Practice C390 is a
10、n option when agreed upon by thepurchaser and the manufacturer.4.2 Specify the required thermal resistance by the directionof the heat flow.4.3 Specify the width, depth, and total area to be insulated.4.4 Specify special markings, when required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Reflective insulation m
11、aterials shall consist of lowemittance surface(s) with, or without, substrates and adhesivesrequired to meet the specified thermal performance and physi-cal properties.5.2 Multiple layer reflective insulations shall be designed toattain the intended separation of layers in normal application.Such mu
12、ltiple layer insulation shall form an attachment flangesuitable for stapling, or other means of attachment.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.21 onReflective Insulation.Current edition approved
13、 May 15, 2011. Published July 2011. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C122409. DOI:10.1520/C1224-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in
14、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http:/www.tappi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
15、ocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 DimensionsInsulation shall be furnished in dimen-sions to fit framing members, at spacings standard in theconstruction industry, or as specifically agreed upon betweenthe producer and the buyer.6. Physical Properties Requirements6.1 Low emittance materials sha
16、ll have a surface with anemittance of 0.1 or less, as determined in accordance with 9.1.6.2 PermeanceWhen the reflective insulation is to serveas a vapor retarder, the permeance of the material shall notexceed one perm, as determined in accordance with 9.2.6.2.1 When the reflective insulation is to
17、be vapor transmit-ting the permeance of the material shall be equal to or greaterthan five perms, as determined in accordance with 9.2.6.3 Surface Burning CharacteristicsBuilding code re-quirements specify flame spread and smoke developmentvalues determined in accordance with 9.3, except as follows:
18、(1) Maximum surface burning characteristics shall not ex-ceed 25 flame spread index and 50 smoke development indexfor inside plenum applications.(2) Maximum surface burning characteristics shall not ex-ceed 25 flame spread index and 450 smoke development indexin exposed building applications.6.4 Hum
19、idity ResistanceThe laminates of the reflectiveinsulation shall be tested in accordance with 9.4. Threespecimens shall be exposed. Shield the test specimens fromcondensate that drips from the ceiling of the humidity chamber.6.4.1 The specimens shall be evaluated for visible corrosionand delamination
20、. For purposes of corrosion evaluation disre-gard the outer 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) perimeter. No tested specimenshall exhibit visible crystalline deposits exceeding 2 % of thetest area nor exhibit unaided delamination of layers.6.5 Adhesive Performance:6.5.1 BleedingAdhesives, when used, shall show no si
21、gnof bleeding when tested in accordance with the test procedurein 9.5.1. Disregard bleeding at cut edges. Bleeding or delami-nation, covering over 2 % of the specimen area, shall be causefor rejection.6.5.2 PliabilitySpecimens tested in accordance with thetest procedure in 9.5.2 shall not show crack
22、ing or delamination.6.6 Fungi ResistanceSpecimens shall not have growthgreater than comparative item when tested in accordance with9.6. Use Interpretation of Results (Paragraph 7.2) of TestMethod C1338.6.7 Thermal ResistanceDetermine the thermal resistancein accordance with procedures in 9.7. The re
23、sults of theprocedures shall indicate the R-value of the product, in theassembly tested.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The insulation shall be manufactured, packaged, andshipped in such a manner that, when received by the customer,it shall be suitable for installation in accordance with P
24、racticeC727.8. Sampling8.1 Sampling shall be performed in accordance with Prac-tice C390.9. Test Methods9.1 EmittanceThe emittance of the product shall be testedin accordance with Test Method C1371.9.2 PermeanceThe permeance of the product shall betested in accordance with Test Method E96/E96M, Desi
25、ccantMethod.9.3 Surface BurningSurface burning characteristics shallbe tested in accordance with Test Method E84.9.4 Humidity ResistanceThe humidity resistance of theproduct shall be tested in accordance with Test Method C1258.9.5 Adhesive Performance:9.5.1 Bleeding and Delamination:9.5.1.1 ScopeThi
26、s test method covers the determinationof bleeding and delamination of the reflective insulation.9.5.1.2 Significance and UseIt is necessary that reflectiveinsulation not show adhesive bleeding or delamination sincethis contributes to loss of structural integrity and a change inwater permeability.9.5
27、.1.3 SamplingA minimum of three specimens of thereflective insulation, with dimensions of approximately 3 by 6in. (7.62 cm by 15.24 cm), shall be tested. The test specimensshall be cut from separate locations on a roll or panel of theinsulation.9.5.1.4 ProcedureSuspend the specimens vertically in an
28、oven and heat to a temperature of 180F (65F) for at least 5h. Determine, under 53 magnification the following: has theadhesive bled or extruded through the surface, or has anyseparation of foil from substrate (delamination) occurred.9.5.1.5 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either p
29、recision or bias of this test method for determin-ing Bleeding and Delamination, since the test results arenonquantitative.9.5.2 Pliability:9.5.2.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determinationof cracking or delamination of the reflective insulation due tofolding and bending. Any reflective insulat
30、ion product thatdoes not require bending during installation shall be exemptfrom the requirements of this section.9.5.2.2 Significance and UseReflective insulation mustnot crack or delaminate, these characteristics contribute to lossof structural integrity and change in water permeability.9.5.2.3 Sa
31、mplingA minimum of three specimens of thereflective insulation shall be subjected to two tests: onespecimen shall contain a factory produced edge.9.5.2.4 ProcedureImmediately prior to testing: (1) Thespecimens shall be conditioned at a temperature of 70F(62F) and a relative humidity of 50 % (65 %) f
32、or a period ofno less than 24 h for the first test. The second test shall be at32F (62F) for a period of no less than 24 h. (2) The foillaminate shall be folded in accordance with TAPPI StandardT512, and the folded edge smoothed, using light fingerpressure. The finished laminate shall not crack or d
33、elaminatewhen folded to a 180 bend.9.5.2.5 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either precision or bias of TAPPI Standard T512 fordetermining cracking or delamination, due to folding or bend-ing, since the test result is nonquantitative.C1224 1129.6 Fungi ResistanceThe fungi resistanc
34、e of the productshall be determined in accordance with Test Method C1338.9.7 Thermal PerformanceThe thermal performance ofreflective insulation shall be determined in accordance withTest Method C1363 using the following criteria:9.7.1 In order to determine the thermal performance of thereflective in
35、sulation materials used in a test panel, a uniformmethod of adjustment of the test panel results is needed.9.7.2 The test panel shall consist of wood framing memberssheathed with a homogenous material with a thermal resistanceof no more than R-2, such as 0.25 to 0.75 in. (6.35 mm to 19.05mm) plywood
36、, OSB board, drywall or chipboard. The exposedsurface shall not have an emittance less than 0.8. The width anddepth of the cavities shall be representative of the installationfor which the insulation product is intended. The reflectiveinsulation shall be installed in the test panel according to them
37、anufacturers installation instructions.9.7.3 The testing of the reflective insulation shall be per-formed at a cavity mean temperature of 75 6 4F (24 6 2C)with a temperature difference across the insulated cavity of 306 2F (16.7 6 1C).9.7.3.1 To determine the cavity mean temperature andtemperature d
38、ifference, sufficient temperature instrumentationshall be applied to the interior surfaces of the sheathing tomeasure the average temperature of these surfaces. Tempera-ture sensor layouts for 16 and 24 in. (40.64 mm and 60.96 mm)on center guarded or calibrated hot boxes are shown in Figs. 1and 2, r
39、espectively.9.7.4 To determine the heatflow in the cavity area, the netheat flow shall be adjusted to account for the heat flow throughthe framing members. To perform this adjustment, the thermalresistance of the framing material must be known to within610 % and the average temperature difference ac
40、ross theframing members shall be measured.9.7.4.1 A sufficient number of temperature sensors shall beinstalled to determine the average temperature differenceacross the framing members. Framing member temperaturesensor layouts for 16 and 24 in. (40.64 mm and 60.96 mm) oncenter guarded and calibrated
41、 hot boxes are shown in Figs. 1and 2, respectively.NOTE 1When cavity depths of less than 1 in. (25 mm) are beingtested, special care must be taken to install the thermocouples toaccurately measure the temperature gradient across the test cavity.Significant uncertainties have been reported when large
42、 diameter tempera-ture sensors (or thermocouples) are used and when the sensors are notinstalled to measure the temperature gradient accurately. Consult Tem-perature Measurement in Test Method C1363.9.7.5 The steady-state heat flow through the reflectiveinsulation in the cavity shall be determined f
43、rom (Eq 1).QINS5 QTOTAL2AFRAMEDTFRAME/RFRAME! (1)where:QTOTAL= the total heat flow rate across the test panel(BTU/h),AFRAME= the cross-sectional area of the framing (ft2),DTFRAME= the average temperature difference across theframing (F),RFRAME= the thermal resistance of the framing(ft2hF/BTU), andQI
44、NS= the total heat flow rate across the insulatedcavity (BTU/h).9.7.6 The thermal resistance of the reflective insulation,RINS, shall be determined from (Eq 2).RINS5 AINSDTINS/QINS(2)where:AINS= the total cross-sectional area of the insulatedcavity (ft2), andDTINS= the average DT across the insulate
45、d cavity mea-sured from the inside surface of the warm-sidesheathing to the inside surface of the cool-sidesheathing.9.7.7 The heat flow correction due to the presence of theframing members resulting from Eq 1 shall be verified byrepeating the hot box measurement with a mass insulationmaterial with
46、thermal resistance measured in accordance withtest methods C177 or C518.9.7.8 The thermal resistance of the framing, RFRAMEin Eq1, shall be determined from hot box data obtained with thespecific framing being used and mass insulation of knownthermal resistance using Eq 3.NOTEThe diagram shows a tota
47、l of 30 thermocouples. Eighteen of the thermocouples provide panel surface temperatures, twelve or more of thethermocouples provide stud surface temperatures. Use at least three thermocouples per side to measure stud surface temperature.FIG. 1 Guarded Hot Box R-Value Test Panel Inside Surface and St
48、ud Thermocouple Layout for 16 in. (406 mm) OC Stud SpacingC1224 113RFRAME5AFRAME DTFRAMEQTOTAL2AINSDTINSRINS(3)9.7.9 Reporting RequirementsThe report shall include allthe requirements of Test Methods C177, C518 or C1363 as perthe parameters listed in Eq 1 and 2 of Section 9. The date of thelast fram
49、e verification shall also be reported along with anyspecific test results affecting the present experiment.10. Inspection10.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon be-tween the purchaser and supplier as part of the purchasecontract as specified in Practice C390.11. Visual Inspection11.1 Requirements Determined by Visual Inspection:Samples shall be inspected visually for mechanical damage asfollows:11.1.1 Surface PuncturesShall not exceed one non-repairable puncture per 500 ft2.11.1.2 Damage (bleeding adhesive, corrosion) t
