1、Designation: C1283 11Standard Practice forInstalling Clay Flue Lining1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind
2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements forinstalling clay flue lining for residential concrete or masonrychimneys.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound uni
3、ts are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsib
4、ility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) ofFireclay and High Alumina Refractory Mate
5、rialsC27 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refrac-tory BrickC55 Specification for Concrete Building BrickC90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry UnitsC99 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of DimensionStoneC129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete MasonryUnitsC170 Test Meth
6、od for Compressive Strength of DimensionStoneC199 Test Method for Pier Test for Refractory MortarsC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit MasonryC315 Specification for Clay Flue Liners and Chimney PotsC652 Specification f
7、or Hollow Brick (Hollow MasonryUnits Made From Clay or Shale)C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products3. Terminology3.1 GeneralTerminology C896 should be used for clari-fication of definitions in this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chimney connectortubular unit or
8、 pipe used toconvey products of combustion from a heating or cookingappliance to the chimney.3.2.2 fluepassageway within a chimney through whichproducts of combustion are conveyed.3.2.3 flue linermanufactured tubular nonloadbearing firedclay unit, normally used for conveying hot gases in chimneys.3.
9、2.4 masonry chimneyvertical structure constructed ofbrick, concrete, concrete masonry units, or stone, whichcontains one or more flues, and conveys products of combus-tion from a heat source or cooking appliance.3.2.5 smoke chambersection of a fireplace above thethroat and below the flue, which is a
10、n area of transition fromthe shape of the throat to the shape of the flue.3.2.6 thimblemanufactured tubular nonloadbearing firedclay unit normally used to connect the chimney connector froman appliance through the wall of the chimney to the flue.4. Footings and Foundations4.1 Footings for masonry ch
11、imneys shall be constructed ofconcrete or solid masonry at least 12 in. (305 mm) thick, andit shall extend at least 6 in. (150 mm) beyond the face of thefoundation or support wall on all sides. Footings shall befounded below frost depth on natural undisturbed earth orengineered fill. In areas not su
12、bjected to freezing, footings shallbe founded at least 12 in. (305 mm) below finished grade.4.2 The foundation shall be placed, with respect to adjacentstructures existing or anticipated, to minimize the possibility ofdamage by construction operations or by transmission ofadditional loads to the sup
13、porting soils.4.3 Concrete footings and foundations shall conform tolocal building codes.4.3.1 In the absence of a local building code, concrete witha minimum 28 day compressive strength of 3000 psi (21 MPa)shall be used.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on VitrifiedClay
14、 Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods ofTest and Specifications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1283 07a. DOI:10.1520/C1283-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, vis
15、it the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
16、959, United States.4.4 Where a chimney or fireplace is added to the outside ofthe exterior wall of an existing structure, the following shallapply:4.4.1 The new footing shall be installed at the same level orbelow the existing footing, provided the level is below the frostline and the new footing is
17、 placed on soil with adequate bearingcapability.4.4.2 The existing drainage provision shall not be ob-structed.5. Chimney Construction5.1 Materials:5.1.1 Flue Linings Specification C315.5.1.2 Refractory MortarTest Method C24 (cone 10) andTest Method C199 (medium duty and water insoluble).5.1.3 Concr
18、ete Block Specification C90 or SpecificationC129.5.1.4 BrickSpecification C55 or Specification C216,Grade SW.5.1.5 MortarSpecification C270.5.1.6 FirebrickClassification C27.5.1.7 Natural Stone Test Method C170 or Test MethodC99.5.2 The chimney consists of a flue liner and the chimneywall. When used
19、 to vent a fireplace, the chimney is constructeddirectly on the smoke chamber.5.3 The flue lining shall start from a point not less than 8 in.(205 mm) below the entrance of the lowest chimney connector.5.4 Flue liners shall be installed, each flue liner carefullybedded on the previous one, using wat
20、er insoluble refractorymortar complying with Test Method C199 (medium duty). Alljoints of flue liners shall be116 in. (1.6 mm) to18 in. (3.2 mm)thick, and struck flush so as to produce a straight, smooth, fullyaligned flue. Liners shall be placed in such a manner as tominimize ledges or steps within
21、 the flue passageway.5.5 Flue liners shall be maintained by filling any voids in theinterior, or hot face, with medium duty water insolublerefractory mortar conforming to Test Method C199.5.6 Flue liners shall be surrounded by masonry on all sidesbut shall not be bonded to the surrounding masonry. T
22、he flueliner shall contact the chimney wall only as necessary forsupport and alignment in order to permit the flue liner toexpand and contract freely. The separation of the flue linerfrom the surrounding concrete or masonry shall not exceed thewall thickness of the flue liner. Where seismic reinforc
23、ingrequires the space between the flue liner and the chimney wallto be grouted solid, the flue shall be wrapped with ceramic fiberpaper capable of withstanding temperatures of 2100F toprevent the flue liner from bonding to the chimney walls.5.7 The flue lining shall extend the entire height of thech
24、imney. The lining shall be carried up as vertically aspossible. When offsets are necessary, their slopes shall be noflatter than 30 from vertical.5.8 When more than one flue is contained in a chimney, aseparation shall be provided between adjacent flues. Theseparation shall be solid masonry wythes (
25、partitions) not lessthan 4 in. (100 mm) nominal thickness and bonded into thechimney walls.5.9 Adjustments to the liner size or shape shall be madewith a masonry saw.5.9.1 When fabricating custom size flue liners, the aspectratio shall not exceed 2:1 and the vertical joint shall be sealedwith refrac
26、tory mortar as required in 5.4.5.10 Openings in the flue liner for chimney connectors shallbe manufactured or machine cut.5.11 Chimney walls shall be constructed of concrete or solidmasonry units at least 4 in. (100 mm) nominal thickness.5.11.1 Products for chimney wall masonry construction arethose
27、 (concrete, concrete masonry units, brick or stone) that areat least 75 % solid or grouted solid and which meet therequirements of Specification C55, Specification C90, Speci-fication C216 Grade SW, or Specification C652.5.11.2 Cast in place concrete chimneys must be designed byan engineer.5.12 The
28、chimney shall be adequately anchored to thebuilding to provide stability against wind and seismic loads. Inseismic design categories, building codes may require addi-tional anchoring or reinforcements.5.13 The mortar in all joints exposed to weather shall becompacted and well tooled.5.14 Masonry chi
29、mneys shall extend 3 ft (0.92 m) above thehighest point of the structure where chimneys pass through aroof of a building and at least 2 ft (0.61 m) above any locationof any structure within 10 ft (3.1 m) (measured horizontallyfrom the vertical centerline chimney line).6. Clearances6.1 The minimum ai
30、r space clearance between interiormasonry chimneys and combustible materials shall be 2 in. (51mm). Any chimney with at least one interior wall shall betreated as interior.6.2 The minimum air space clearance between exteriormasonry chimneys and combustible materials shall be 1 in. (25mm).6.3 Combust
31、ible material shall be permitted to abut themasonry chimney sidewalls, provided they are a minimum of12 in. (305 mm) from the inside surface of the flue liner.6.4 All spaces between chimneys and floors or ceilingsthrough which chimneys pass shall be fire stopped withnoncombustible material. The fire
32、 stopping of spaces betweenchimneys and wood joists, beams, or headers shall be galva-nized steel not thinner than 26 gage or noncombustible sheetmaterial not thicker than12 in. (13 mm).7. Openings For Chimney Connections7.1 The chimney connection shall be made by either a metalor clay thimble. The
33、thimble shall be installed on a14 in. (6.4mm) per foot slope toward the appliance. This is to allow anyliquid creosote to drain back into the appliance for reburning.7.2 A minimum of 12 in. (305 mm) of solid masonry, or acombination of 4 in. (100 mm) solid masonry and 2 in. (51mm) air space shall be
34、 provided between clay thimbles andcombustible materials.7.3 The thimble shall pass through the flue lining and beflush with the inside of the flue lining or butted to the outsideof the flue liner. The joint between the thimble and the fluelining shall be sealed with a refractory mortar.C1283 1127.4
35、 The opening for a flue pipe connection shall be posi-tioned to maintain the clearances from combustible construc-tion, as specified in Section 6.7.5 The stovepipe shall be positioned so that horizontalmovement will not cause it to back out of the thimble orprotrude into the flue.8. Chimney Caps8.1
36、All masonry chimneys shall have a chimney cap thatslopes a minimum of 10 downward from the flue liner to theedge of the chimney cap (see Fig. 1).8.2 Chimney caps shall overhang the chimney wall by aminimum of 2 in. (51 mm).8.3 Chimney caps are of the following types and construc-tion:8.3.1 Precast o
37、r cast-in-place concrete caps shall be aminimum of 2 in. (51 mm) in thickness, shall have a drip sloton the underside at least 112 in. (38 mm) away from thechimney wall, and shall be reinforced with a minimum of12 in.(13 mm) mesh galvanized hardware cloth located halfway intothe filled form.8.3.2 Me
38、tal chimney caps must lap down the chimney wallat least 4 in. (100 mm) and a noncombustible resilient sealantshall be used between the metal cap and the flue liner andbetween the base of the metal cap and the chimney.8.3.3 Stone caps shall be a minimum of 2 in. (51 mm) inthickness and shall have a d
39、rip slot on the underside at least 112in. (38 mm) away from the chimney wall.8.4 Chimney caps shall be separated from the flue lining bya bond break, and this separation shall be sealed with anoncombustible resilient sealant to prevent water entering thechimney. This is a maintenance joint and shoul
40、d be checkedand renewed as needed (see Fig. 1).8.5 Clay flue linings shall extend above the chimney cap bynot more than 4 in. (100 mm).8.6 Where a clay chimney pot is installed on a masonrychimney, the chimney pot shall comply with the requirementsof Specification C315.9. Special Conditions9.1 Speci
41、al features to mitigate any problem relating tocondensation shall be permitted in the construction of chim-neys.9.1.1 Flue liners with joints that prevent leakage of conden-sation shall be permitted. Socketed and overlapping jointsmanufactured as an integral part of the flue liner are acceptable.9.1
42、.2 Acondensate drain installed at the base of the chimneyshall be permitted.10. Keywords10.1 chimney; chimney caps; clay; fireplace; flue liner; fluelining; masonry; ventingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentione
43、din this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and
44、must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of
45、theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
46、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 1 Chimney CapC1283 113
