1、Designation: C1354/C1354M 09C1354/C1354M 15Standard Test Method forStrength of Individual Stone Anchorages in DimensionStone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1354/C1354M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining the ultimate strength of an assembly consisti
3、ng of stone withmechanical anchor (anchorage). Load is applied, separately, perpendicular to the surface of the panel and parallel to the surfaceof the panel. This test is intended to represent the interaction of the anchor with the stone panel. However, influence of the backupstructure on the stren
4、gth of the assemblies is not included.1.2 This test method is applicable to stone panels supported by mechanical anchors.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefor
5、e, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standar
6、d to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1242 Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone Attachment SystemsC1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specime
7、n Sampling and PreparationE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and Assemblies3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 anchor, nin general, a metal shape inserted into a slot or hole
8、in the stone panel that provides for the transfer of loadsfrom the stone to the building structure, either directly or through an intermediate structure.3.1.2 anchorage, nassembly consisting of a stone panel with a mechanical anchor.3.1.3 panel, ncut stone with large face dimensions in relation to i
9、ts thickness, for placement in a building structure or frameassembly.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens consisting of a stone panel sample and a mechanical anchor are fabricated in the same manner and of thesame materials as their intended construction uses. The mechanical anchor is connect
10、ed to a test support. A test load is appliedperpendicular or parallel to the face of the stone panel. The test load is applied gradually using a calibrated test machine; load isincreased until the stone or the mechanical anchor fails.4.2 The load at failure and mode of failure of each test specimen
11、is observed and recorded. The test as described above isrepeated five times for each combination of stone and anchor to be tested and for each direction of load to be tested.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subc
12、ommittee C18.01 on Test MethodsCurrent edition approved April 1, 2009May 1, 2015. Published April 2009July 2015. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 asC135496(2004).C135409. DOI: 10.1520/C1354_C1354M-09.10.1520/C1354_C1354M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit
13、 theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard
14、 an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is
15、 to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to provide information from which applicable design data can be determined for a given anc
16、horused to support a dimension stone panel. The strength of a limited length of anchor may be related to a longer length of supportwhen the flexibility of the support is properly considered by the designer. Refer to Guide C1242.6. Testing Machine6.1 The testing machine shall conform to the requireme
17、nts of Practices E4.6.2 The load from the testing machine shall be applied through appropriate devices (a lubricated ball-and-socket or a lubricateduniversal joint) to apply direct tension to the test specimen without bending.7. Support Frame and Loading Device7.1 The support frame (excluding the an
18、chor to be tested) shall have sufficient strength to not yield while supporting maximumapplied load. In addition, the support frame shall be sufficiently stiff to limit deflection to less than 0.04 in. 1 mm at maximumtest load and to limit rotation to less than 2.7.2 For load perpendicular to the su
19、rface of the stone panel:7.2.1 A rubber pad or a setting gypsum bed shall be used between the stone and the loading or restraint surface to avoidconcentration of stress in the surface of the stone sample.7.2.2 A frame to support a stone sample with anchor in the side edge of the stone is shown in Fi
20、g. 1. Fig. 1 represents outwardloading on a single stone panel. At the designers option, two stone panels can be tested on a single split anchor.7.2.2.1 The test specimen is supported at one end by the anchor. The anchor shall be attached to the support frame in the sameway it will be attached to th
21、e backup structure in construction. The sample of stone is supported at the opposite end by a 1 in. 25mm diameter rod.FIG. 1A Edge of Panel Supported by Tab Inserted into Kerf in Edge of PanelFIG. 1B Edge of Panel Supported by Pin Installed into Hole Drilled into Edge of PanelFIG. 1 Setup for Testin
22、g Connection in Edge of SampleTest Procedure AC1354/C1354M 1527.2.2.2 The load from the testing machine is applied to the stone sample through a 1 in. 25 mm diameter rod, located as closeas possible to the anchor that supports the stone but at a distance not less than the thickness of the panel.7.2.
23、3 A frame to test a stone sample with anchor in back of the stone and the load applied in a direction perpendicular to thepanel are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The sample of stone panel is held down while the upward load is applied through a single sampleof anchor. The stone sample may be held down by i
24、ndependent anchors as shown in Fig. 2 or by the device used to apply loadas shown in Fig. 3.7.3 For load parallel to the surface of the stone panel:7.3.1 The stone panel sample is restrained in the plane of the panel while a test load is applied parallel to the plane of the panelas shown in Fig. 4.
25、The area beneath the anchor shall be kept unsupported to prevent restraint of spalls that may artificially increasethe strength. The surface between the loading plate and the stone panel sample shall be lubricated.8. Test Specimens8.1 Anchorage SystemThe anchorage system shall be representative of t
26、he type to be used in field construction and shallinclude the anchor to be used and all accessories normally required to attach the anchor to the backup structure. If sealant, epoxy,or other form of kerf filler is specified to be used in field construction, the bond between the sealant, epoxy, or ot
27、her form of kerffiller shall be intentionally prevented in the test assembly. Alternatively, provisions may be made to distribute the load from theanchor to the stone with a soft bearing material. At the designers option, the sealant or epoxy may be allowed to bond.8.2 Anchor InstallationInstall the
28、 anchor and accessories in accordance with the specified design.FIG. 2 Setup for Load Testing of Stone Panel with Connection in Back of Sample and Sample Held Down IndependentlyLoad AppliedPerpendicular to SurfaceC1354/C1354M 1538.3 Number of SpecimensFor each combination of stone and anchor to be t
29、ested, test at least five specimens. Where edgeconnections are used, a set of five specimens shall be tested with connection made in each of the two perpendicular edges.NOTE 1More specimens may be needed depending on the variability of the test results. If necessary, determine suitable statistical p
30、arameters toFIG. 3 Setup for Testing of Stone Panel with Connection in Back of Sample and Sample Held Down by FixtureLoad Applied Perpen-dicular to SurfaceFIG. 4 Setup for Load Testing of Stone Panel with Connection in Back of PanelLoad Applied Parallel to SurfaceC1354/C1354M 154evaluate the composi
31、te variability and to select the number of specimens needed for obtaining a given minimum precision in determining the capacityof the anchorage system.8.4 Stone Panel SamplesSelect representative samples of dimension stone. Stone samples shall be taken from slabs orientedrelative to rift as will be
32、used in construction. Stone suppliers shall provide the following information: name of stone used for tests,stone type, quarry source, rift orientation, and stone finish.8.5 Anchor SamplesUse anchor and accessories representative of that specified for the intended construction. If it is desiredto me
33、asure fracture strength of stone when it exceeds the strength of the metal anchor, an additional set of tests shall be performedusing a stiffer anchor or an anchor with a higher yield strength.8.6 PreconditioningStone panel samples shall be preconditioned by immersing in water for 48 h at 72 6 4F 22
34、 6 2C. Testspecimens immediately upon removing from the bath, wiping the specimen free of surface water. At the designers option, stonemay be tested in a dry condition.NOTE 2Refer to Guide C1799 for additional information on selecting, preparing, and conditioning test specimens.9. Procedure9.1 For a
35、 load applied perpendicular to the panel, one set of five specimens shall be tested with the load applied outward, andone set of five specimens shall be tested with the load applied inward. At the designers option, only one direction may be testedwhen it is apparent that a direction is the most crit
36、ical based on the combination of greater load and lower strength.9.2 For a load applied parallel to the panel, one set of five specimens shall be tested with the load applied in each direction theanchor is being tested.9.3 Apply the load smoothly and at a rate of one-half the anticipated ultimate st
37、rength of the anchor assembly per minute.9.4 Load each specimen until the anchor fails. Observe and record the failure of the load applied to each specimen.9.5 Observe and record the mode of failure. If restraint devices have interfered with the fracture plane, note it and adjust thelocations of the
38、 restraint devices.9.6 If desired, deflection at the anchorage may be measured. Deflection shall be measured to an accuracy of 0.001 in. 0.02 mmand in the loading direction. The designer specifying the test shall state what deflection is measured.10. Calculation10.1 For the specimens loaded using th
39、e test frame shown in Fig. 1, report the load in the anchorage system as (see Fig. 1):anchorage system load5test machine load!3aL (1)10.2 For specimens loaded using the test frames shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, or Fig. 4, report the load in the anchorage system as:anchorage system load5test machine load
40、(2)11. Report11.1 Report the following information in accordance with Practice E575:11.1.1 Test and report dates,11.1.2 Test sponsor agency,11.1.3 Identification of anchorage tested: manufacturer, type, material, finish, shape, dimensions, and other pertinentinformation,11.1.4 Description of the anc
41、horage tested,11.1.5 Detailed drawings or photographs of test specimens before and after testing, if not described, including stone thickness,kerf dimensions or hole diameter, location of hole or kerf, and engagement of anchor into hole or kerf. Actual dimensions of eachsample tested (rather than no
42、minal dimensions) shall be measured and reported,11.1.6 Stone name, stone type, quarry source, rift orientation, and stone finish,11.1.7 Test method description, load procedures, and actual loading rate,11.1.8 Number of specimens tested,11.1.9 Individual and average failure test loads and individual
43、 failure modes, and11.1.10 Names, signatures, and, if required, the professional certificate or seal of responsible persons.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result in variation from accepted values. A precision section will be addedwhen sufficient data are av
44、ailable to indicate acceptable tolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.C1354/C1354M 155ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determina
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