1、Designation: A 460 94 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Specification forCopper-Clad Steel Wire Strand1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 460; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEEditorially changed paragraph 6.1 in May 2004.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers copper-clad steel wire strandcomposed of a number of r
3、ound steel, copper-clad wires, foruse as guys, messengers, span wires, and for similar purposeswhere electrical conductance is not a requirement.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in brackets are for informa-tion only.2. Referenced Documents
4、2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-ucts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this speci-fication see Terminology A 902.4. Classification4.1 The strand is classified by the minimum breakingstrength and number of wires in the strand a
5、s stated in Table 1.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:5.1.1 Quantity of strand in feet.5.1.2 Breaking strength and number of wires in strand (4.1and Table 1).5.1.3 Package size of coils or reels from Table 2.5.1.4 ASTM desi
6、gnation and year of issue.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Each wire in the strand shall be composed of a steel coremade from steel produced by any commercially-acceptedsteel-making process, with a substantially uniform and con-tinuous copper cladding thoroughly bonded to it throughout.The thickness
7、and adherence of the copper cladding on thefinished wire shall comply with the requirements prescribed inthis specification.6.2 Each wire in the strand shall be of such quality that,when drawn to the size specified in Table 1 and whenfabricated into strand, the finished copper-clad steel wire strand
8、shall have the properties and characteristics prescribed in thisspecification.7. Stranding7.1 The strand shall consist of either 3 or 7 wires and, unlessotherwise specified, shall have a left lay with a uniform pitch.In 3-wire strand, the pitch shall be not less than 12 nor morethan 20 times the nom
9、inal diameter of the strand. In 7-wirestrand, the pitch shall be not less than 10 nor more than 16times the nominal diameter of the strand. A left lay is definedas a counter-clockwise twist away from the observer lookingalong the axis of the strand. All wires shall be stranded withuniform tension.7.
10、2 All wires in the strand shall lie naturally in their truepositions in the completed strand, and when the strand is cut,the ends shall remain in position or be readily replaced by handand then remain in position. This may be accomplished by anymeans or process, such as preforming, post forming, or
11、formsetting.8. Joints and Splices8.1 Joints or splices may be made prior to final wire drawingin individual finished wires composing the strand, providedthat such joints or splices have protection from corrosionequivalent to that of the copper-clad wire itself and that they donot decrease the streng
12、th of the finished strand below theminimum breaking strength shown in Table 1. A joint or spliceshall be not closer than 50 ft 15.2 m to any other wire jointor splice in the strand.8.2 The finished strand shall not be joined or spliced as aunit, unless specifically permitted by the purchaser.1This s
13、pecification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 onMetallic Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility ofsubcommittee A05.12 on Wire Specifications.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved i
14、n 1999 as A 460 - 94 (1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 10
15、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.9. Thickness of Copper Cladding9.1 The minimum thickness of the copper cladding on wirestaken from the finished strand shall be not less than thatspecified in Table 3.9.2 The copper thickness shall be determined by eit
16、her ofthe following:9.2.1 By direct measurements of cross sections of the wires,the ends of the specimens having been ground smooth,polished, and etched before being measured microscopically,or9.2.2 By means of a suitable electrical indicating instrumentoperating on the permeameter principle.10. Sam
17、pling10.1 For the purpose of inspecting the strand, tests shall bemade on representative samples. For lots of 10 000 lb 4536kg or less, two samples shall be taken from separate reels orcoils in the lot, except that only one sample shall be requiredwhere the total length of the strand is 5000 ft 1524
18、 m or less.For lots over 10 000 lb 4536 kg one sample from each 10 000lb 4536 kg or fraction thereof shall be taken, but theminimum number of samples shall be three.11. Breaking Strength11.1 The breaking strength of the finished strand shall be notless than that specified in Table 1.11.2 When the br
19、eaking strength is below the minimumspecified, the cause of which may have been due to slipping ofthe specimen in the jaws of the testing machine, breakingwithin the jaws or within 1 in. 25.4 mm of the jaws, or theimproper socketing of a specimen, the results of the test shallbe disregarded and anot
20、her sample from the same coil or reelshall be tested.12. Elongation12.1 The elongation shall be not less than 1.5 % and shall bemeasured on a gage length of not less than 24 in. 610 mm offinished strand which does not contain wire joints or splices.Elongation shall be determined by measurements made
21、 be-tween the jaws of the testing machine or by an extensometer atthe option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise agreed upon atthe time of purchase.12.2 When the elongation is so determined, the gage lengthshall be the distance between the jaws of the testing machinewhen a load equal to 10 % of th
22、e minimum breaking strengthshall have been applied, and the final length shall be thedistance between the jaws at the time of fracture of any wire.The fracture shall be between the jaws of the testing machineand not closer than 1 in. 25.4 mm to either jaw, otherwise thetest shall be disregarded.12.3
23、 When used, the extensometer shall be attached to thetest specimen at a tension load equal to 10 % of minimumbreaking strength. The elongation shall be observed whileapplying a tension load to the specimen, and the reading whenfracture occurs shall be taken as the elongation of the speci-men. Tests
24、in which the extensometer reading is less than1.5 %, but in which the fracture does not occur between thetwo attachments of the extensometer to the specimen, shall bedisregarded.12.4 Additional samples shall be taken from the same coilor reel when the previous tests are to be disregarded as statedin
25、 12.2 and 12.3.13. Torsion Test13.1 Specimens of finished wires taken before strandingshall withstand without fracture not less than 20 twists in alength equivalent to 100 times the nominal diameter of thespecimen. The rate of applying the twists shall be approxi-mately 15 turns per minute, all twis
26、ts to be made in the samedirection.TABLE 1 Physical Properties of Copper-Clad Steel Wire StrandsMinimum Breaking Strengthof Strand, lbf NNumber of Wiresin StrandNominal Diameter ofStrand, in. mmANominal Diameter ofWires, in. mmApproximate Weight ofStrand, lb/1000 ft kg/km2 200 9 790 3 0.164 4.2 0.07
27、6 1.93 49 734 000 17 800 3 0.209 5.3 0.097 2.46 79 1186 000 26 700 3 0.258 6.6 0.120 3.0 121 1806 000 26 700 7 0.237 6.0 0.079 2.01 122 1828 000 35 600 7 0.276 7.0 0.092 2.34 166 24710 000 44 500 7 0.303 7.7 0.101 2.6 200 29812 500 55 600 7 0.345 8.8 0.115 2.9 259 38514 000 62 300 7 0.360 9.1 0.120
28、3.0 283 42116 000 71 200 7 0.386 9.8 0.128 3.3 324 48218 000 80 100 7 0.414 10.5 0.138 3.5 374 55720 000 89 000 7 0.438 11.1 0.146 3.7 418 662AThis diameter is given for the purpose of information and as a guide for the size of fittings, hardware, etc.TABLE 2 Lengths of Strand in Coils and on ReelsM
29、inimum Breaking Strength of Strand, lbf NApproximate Length ofStrandIn Coil,ft mOn Reel,ft m2 200 9790 1000 305 10 000 30504 000 17 800 500 152 10 000 30506 000 to 10 000, incl 26 700 to 44 500, incl 500 152 5 000 152012 500 to 20 000, incl 55 600 to 89 000, incl 250 76 5 000 152012 500 to 20 000, i
30、ncl 55 600 to 89 000, incl 500 152 . . . . . .TABLE 3 Minimum Thickness of Copper CladdingNominal Diameter of Clad Wires inthe Strand, in. mmThickness of CopperCladding, min, in. mm0.060 to 0.099 1.52 to 2.52 0.004 0.1020.100 to 0.119 2.540 to 3.023 0.005 0.1270.120 to 0.139 3.048 to 3.531 0.006 0.1
31、520.140 to 0.149 3.556 to 3.785 0.007 0.178A 460 94 (2004)e1213.2 Wire specimens shall be twisted to destruction andshall not reveal any seams, pits, slivers, or surface imperfec-tions such that performance of the strand would be impaired.Examination of the wire at the break shall show no separation
32、of the copper from the steel visible to the naked eye (normaleyeglasses excepted).14. Wrap Test14.1 When agreed upon at the time of purchase, samples ofindividual wires taken from the finished strand shall withstandwithout fracture, eight complete turns wrapped on itself in aclose helix or on a mand
33、rel whose diameter shall be equal tothe nominal diameter of the wire.15. Dimensions, Weight, and Permissible Variations15.1 The size of the component wires in the strand shall beexpressed in decimals of an inch or millimetres as prescribedin Table 1.15.2 The diameters of the component wires in the s
34、trandshall not vary from the nominal wire diameters by more than60.002 in. 0.05 mm.15.3 Nominal diameter of strand and approximate weight ofstrand are indicated in Table 1.16. Workmanship and Finish16.1 The finished strand shall be tight, smooth, and free ofimperfections not consistent with good com
35、mercial practice.16.2 The diameter of the finished strand shall be uniform,except for a minor increase in diameter due to a wire joint orsplice.17. Inspection17.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall havefree entry at all times to those parts of the plant concernedwhile work on the contrac
36、t of the purchaser is being performed.The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonablefacilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished inaccordance with this specification. All tests and inspectionshall be made prior to shipment at the place of manufacture ofthe strand, unles
37、s otherwise specified and agreed upon at thetime of purchase, and shall be so conducted as not to interfereunnecessarily with the operation of the works. Such inspectionand sampling shall be made in conjunction with and to theextent of the manufacturers regular inspection operations. Thepurchaser ma
38、y make the tests which govern the acceptance orrejection of the materials in his own laboratories or elsewhere.18. Rejection18.1 If the wire or strand fails in the first test to meet anyrequirement of this specification, two additional tests shall bemade on samples of wire or strand from the same co
39、il or reel.If failure occurs in either of these tests the lot of wire or strandshall be rejected.19. Packaging, Marking, and Shipping19.1 Strand shall be furnished in standard lengths in com-pact coils described in Table 2, unless otherwise agreed upon atthe time of purchase. Reels shall be furnishe
40、d only when sospecified by the purchaser.19.2 Only one length of strand shall be furnished in eachcoil or on each reel.19.3 Each coil or reel shall have a weatherproof tag securelyfastened to it showing the minimum breaking strength, numberof wires and length of strand, ASTM designation, and the nam
41、eor mark of the manufacturer. If additional information isrequired on the tag, it shall be so specified at the time ofpurchase.19.4 The strand shall be protected against damage in ordi-nary handling and shipping. Coils shall be thoroughly wrappedwith strong paper and properly tied. Reels shall be la
42、gged whenspecified by the purchaser at the time of purchase.19.5 The diameter of the coils and reels shall be thatgenerally supplied by the manufacturer, unless otherwiseagreed upon at the time of purchase.20. Keywords20.1 coatingsmetallic; copper clad materials; steel wirecopper clad; steel wire st
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46、mittee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).A 460 94 (2004)e13
