1、Designation: C 1364 07Standard Specification forArchitectural Cast Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1364; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the physical requirements,sampling, testing, and visual inspection of architectural caststone.1.2 Units covered by this specifica
3、tion may be made fromfacing and backup mixtures or from a homogeneous mixture.Either wet cast or dry cast production methods may be used.1.3 Surface textures, finish, color, or other special featuresshould be specified separately by the purchaser.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be r
4、egardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and det
5、ermine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 173/C 173M Test M
6、ethod for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of Con-crete Masonry UnitsC 494/C 494M
7、Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 666/C 666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC 979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally ColoredConcreteC 989 Specificat
8、ion for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1194 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Architec-tural Cast StoneC 1195 Test Method for Absorption of Architectural CastStoneD 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated
9、Opaque MaterialsD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinates2.2 ACI Standards:318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cast stone, nan architectural precast concrete build-ing
10、unit intended to simulate natural cut stone.3.1.2 dry cast concrete products, nmanufactured fromzero slump concrete.3.1.3 wet cast concrete products, nmanufactured frommeasurable slump concrete.4. Materials and Design4.1 Raw MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the follow-ing specifications:4.1.1 Por
11、tland CementSpecification C 150.4.1.2 AggregatesSpecification C33, except for gradingrequirements.4.1.3 Coloring PigmentSpecification C 979, except thatcarbon black pigment shall not be used.4.1.4 ReinforcementSpecification A 615/A 615M.4.1.5 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shallconform to th
12、e following applicable specifications:4.1.5.1 Air Entraining AdmixturesSpecification C 260,except for dry cast concrete products.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.20 onArchitectural and
13、Structural Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 1364 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
14、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United S
15、tates.4.1.5.2 Water Reducing and Accelerating AdmixturesSpecification C 494/C 494M.4.1.5.3 Other ConstituentsIntegral water repellents andother chemicals for which no ASTM standard exists shall bepreviously established as suitable for use in concrete by provenfield performance or through laboratory
16、testing.4.1.6 Ground SlagSpecification C 989.4.1.7 Fly Ash or Natural PozzolanSpecification C 618.4.2 DesignSamples shall be submitted for approval ofcolor and texture. The manufacturer shall prepare drawings forapproval showing shapes, sizes, reinforcement, exposed faces,and anchorage provisions. T
17、he purchaser or his authorizedrepresentative shall approve the samples and drawings beforemanufacture.4.3 Reinforcement:4.3.1 Reinforcement shall be new billet steel reinforcingbars meeting the requirements of Specification A 615/A 615Munless specified otherwise by the purchaser.4.3.2 Reinforce unit
18、s when necessary for safe handling andstructural stress.4.3.3 Reinforcement shall be noncorrosive where facesexposed to weather are covered with less than 1.5 in. (38 mm)of concrete material. All reinforcement shall have minimumcoverage of twice the diameter of the bars.4.3.4 Area of reinforcement i
19、n panels greater than 24 in.(600 mm) in more than one direction shall be not less than0.25 % of the cross section area in that direction. Units lessthan 249 (600 mm) in both their length and width dimensionshall be non-reinforced unless otherwise specified.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Compressive Str
20、engthAt 28 days after manufacture,not less than 6500 psi (45 MPa), when tested in accordancewith Test Method C 1194.5.2 Absorption, Cold WaterAt 28 days after manufacture,not greater than 6 %, when tested in accordance with MethodA, Cold Water of Test Method C 1195.5.3 Absorption, Boiling WaterAt 28
21、 days after manufac-ture, not greater than 10 %, when tested in accordance withMethod B, Boiling Water Test of Test Method C 1195.5.4 Air ContentProvide sufficient air content to meet thefreeze-thaw requirements for wet cast concrete, when the aircontent is tested in accordance with Method C 173 or
22、MethodC 231.5.5 Field Testing of cast stone shall be in accordance withTest Methods C 1194 and C 1195. Field tested specimens shallhave a minimum compressive strength of 85 % with no singlespecimen testing less than 75 % of the design requirement asallowed by ACI 318.5.6 Resistance to Freezing and T
23、hawing:5.6.1 The manufacturer shall satisfy the purchaser that theunits have adequate resistance to freezing and thawing eitherthrough proven field performance of similar products madefrom the same materials or through laboratory testing.5.6.2 If laboratory testing is required, the cast stone shall
24、betested using Test Method C 666, Procedure A, except themethod of evaluation is to be based on cumulative percent lossin mass and not relative dynamic modulus of elasticity anddurability factor (that is, do not measure the fundamentaltransverse frequency during testing). Follow the proceduremodific
25、ations to Test Method C 666 in 5.6.2.1 through 5.6.2.5.5.6.2.1 After the cast stone is 14 days of age, wet-saw three3 by 4 by 16 in. (76 by 102 by 406 mm) beams from a singlesample of cast stone to represent three specimens for a singletest. One surface of each beam shall be from the exposed,formed
26、face of the sample and the remaining sides shall be sawcut. The allowable size tolerance of the specimens shall be 618in. (3 mm).5.6.2.2 Do not oven dry the beam specimens until all testingfor resistance to freezing and thawing has been completed.5.6.2.3 Submerge each beam specimen in lime-saturated
27、water at 73.4 6 3F (23 6 1.7C) at least 24 h prior tosubjection to freezing and thawing. Subject each specimen tofreezing and thawing as described in Test Method C 666,Procedure A. Inspect each specimen every 30 to 36 cycles andcollect the fragments caused by freeze-thaw cycling from eachspecimen in
28、dividually to monitor loss in mass during testing.For each specimen, oven dry the spalled material and deter-mine its mass until the loss in mass due to drying is not morethan 0.2 % in 2 h of drying. Record the data individually andcumulatively for each specimen throughout the test until 300cycles a
29、re completed or the mass lost is at least 10 %,whichever occurs first. Specimens shall then be oven dried at atemperature of 212 to 230F (100 to 110C) until the loss inmass due to drying is not more than 0.1 % in 48 h of drying.They shall be removed from the oven and allowed to cool atroom temperatu
30、re for approximately 30 min before measuringfinal dry mass. The initial dry mass of each specimen isconsidered to be the final dry mass of the specimen plus thetotal dry mass of fragments collected from the beam through-out the test.5.6.2.4 Calculate the cumulative percent mass loss (CPWL)for each b
31、eam specimen as follows:CPWL Beam!,%5SS 1 B3 100 (1)where:CPWL (Beam) = cumulative percent mass loss,S = total dry mass of spalled material, andB = oven dried beam mass at the end of thetest.5.6.2.5 Calculate the CPWL for the sample. The CPWL ofthe sample is the average CPWL (Beam) of the three spec
32、i-mens.5.6.2.6 It is not possible to specify the precision of theprocedure in this specification for freeze-thaw because data isnot yet available. Since there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias of results of this test, nostatement on bias is being made.5.6.3 The CPWL
33、shall be less than 5 % after 300 cycles offreezing and thawing.5.7 Linear Drying ShrinkageShall not exceed 0.065 %when tested in accordance with Test Method C 426.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 Cross section dimensions shall not deviate by more than618 in. (3 mm) from approved dimension
34、s.C13640726.2 Length of units shall not deviate by more than length/360 or 618 in. (3 mm), whichever is greater, not to exceed 614in. (6 mm).7. Sampling and Testing7.1 Sample and test units from each 500 ft3(14 m3) of caststone in accordance with Test Methods C 1194 and C 1195.7.1.1 If laboratory te
35、sting is required for resistance tofreezing and thawing, sample and test one unit from each caststone mixture design in accordance with 5.6.7.2 Visually examine units in accordance with Section 8.7.3 Visually examine color differences between units andthe approved sample under daylight illumination
36、as definedunder Spectral Power Distribution in paragraph 5.1.1.1 ofPractice D 1729.7.4 Instrumentally examine color differences, if required, inaccordance with Test Method D 2244.8. Visual Inspection8.1 All surfaces intended to be exposed to view shall have afine-grained texture similar to natural s
37、tone, with no air voidsin excess of132 in. (0.8 mm) and the density of such voids shallbe less than three occurrences per any 1 in.2(25 mm2) and notobvious under direct daylight illumination from a 5-ft (1.5-m)distance, unless otherwise specified.8.2 Minor chipping resulting from shipment and delive
38、ryshall not be grounds for rejection. Minor chipping shall not beobvious under direct daylight illumination from a 20-ft (6-m)distance.8.3 Units shall exhibit a texture approximately equal to theapproved sample when viewed under direct daylight illumina-tion at a 10-ft (3-m) distance.8.4 The occurre
39、nce of crazing or efflorescence shall notconstitute a cause for rejection.9. Permissible Variation in Color9.1 Total Color DifferenceNot greater than 6 units fromthe approved sample or between units of comparable agesubjected to similar weathering when tested in accordance withthe color difference e
40、quation in paragraph 6.2.1 of Test MethodD 2244.9.2 Hue DifferenceNot greater than 2 units from theapproved sample or between units of comparable age subjectedto similar weathering when tested in accordance with the colordifference equation in paragraph 6.2.7 of Test Method D 2244.10. Rejection10.1
41、If the shipment fails to conform to physical or visualrequirements in Sections 5 and 7, the manufacturer may recallthe shipment, sort it, and new specimens shall be selected bythe purchaser and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. Ifthe second set of specimens fails to conform to the testrequi
42、rements, the entire shipment shall be rejected.10.2 Units shall be visually inspected and tested prior toinstallation.11. Keywords11.1 architectural cast stone; precast building unit; simu-late natural stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in
43、 connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the re
44、sponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive care
45、ful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internationa
46、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C1364073
