1、Designation: C1364 10Standard Specification forArchitectural Cast Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1364; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses i
2、ndicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification includes the physical properties, sam-pling, testing, tolerance, and appearance requirements forarchitectural cast stone.1.2 Units covered
3、by this specification may be made fromfacing and backup mixtures or from a homogeneous mixture.Either wet cast or dry cast production methods may be used.1.3 Surface textures, finish, color, or other special featuresshould be specified separately by the purchaser.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound
4、units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespon
5、sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC3
6、3 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for
7、Con-creteC426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of ConcreteMasonry UnitsC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method
8、for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally ColoredConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1194 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Architec-tural Cast
9、StoneC1195 Test Method for Absorption of Architectural CastStoneD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinates2.2 ACI Sta
10、ndards:318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cast stone, nan architectural precast concrete build-ing unit intended to simulate natural cut stone.3.1.2 vibrant dry tamp (dry cast) products, ncast stonemanufactured from zero slump concrete densely
11、compacted byapparatus. (See Note 1.)3.1.3 wet cast products, ncast stone manufactured frommeasurable slump concrete consolidated by apparatus. (SeeNote 1.)NOTE 1Apparatus used in the production of cast stone may includeautomatic, semi-automatic, or manual devices that deploy internal orexternal vibr
12、ation, vibrant tamping, vibration under pressure, centrifugalcasting, or combinations of these techniques to achieve the specifiedphysical properties.4. Materials and Design4.1 Raw MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the follow-ing specifications:1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM
13、Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.20 onArchitectural and Structural Products.Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1364 07. DOI:10.1520/C1364-10
14、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box
15、9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.1 Cement:4.1.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150.4.1.1.2 Blended CementSpecification C595.4.1.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.2 Aggrega
16、tesSpecification C33, except for gradingrequirements.4.1.3 Coloring PigmentSpecification C979, except thatcarbon black pigment shall not be used.4.1.4 ReinforcementSpecification A615/A615M.4.1.5 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shallconform to the following applicable specifications:4.1.5.1 Ai
17、r Entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260, ex-cept for vibrant dry tamp products.4.1.5.2 Water Reducing and Accelerating AdmixturesSpecification C494/C494M.4.1.5.3 Other ConstituentsIntegral water repellents andother chemicals for which no ASTM standard exists shall bepreviously established as suita
18、ble for use in concrete by provenfield performance or through laboratory testing.4.1.6 Ground SlagSpecification C989.4.1.7 Fly Ash or Natural PozzolanSpecification C618.4.2 DesignSamples shall be submitted for approval ofcolor and texture. The manufacturer shall prepare drawings forapproval showing
19、shapes, sizes, reinforcement, exposed faces,and anchorage provisions. The purchaser or his authorizedrepresentative shall approve the samples and drawings beforemanufacture.4.3 Reinforcement:4.3.1 Reinforcement shall be new billet steel reinforcingbars meeting the requirements of Specification A615/
20、A615Munless specified otherwise by the purchaser.4.3.2 Reinforce units when necessary for safe handling andstructural stress.4.3.3 Reinforcement shall be noncorrosive where facesexposed to weather are covered with less than 1.5 in. (38 mm)of concrete material. All reinforcement shall have minimumcov
21、erage of twice the diameter of the bars.4.3.4 Area of reinforcement in panels greater than 24 in.(600 mm) in more than one direction shall be not less than0.25 % of the cross section area in that direction. Units lessthan 249 (600 mm) in both their length and width dimensionshall be non-reinforced u
22、nless otherwise specified.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Compressive StrengthAt 28 days after manufacture,not less than 6500 psi (45 MPa), when tested in accordancewith Test Method C1194.5.2 Absorption, Cold WaterAt 28 days after manufacture,not greater than 6 %, when tested in accordance with MethodA,
23、 Cold Water of Test Method C1195.5.3 Absorption, Boiling WaterAt 28 days after manufac-ture, not greater than 10 %, when tested in accordance withMethod B, Boiling Water Test of Test Method C1195.5.4 Air ContentProvide sufficient air content to meet thefreeze-thaw requirements for wet cast products,
24、 when the aircontent is tested in accordance with Test Method C173/C173Mor Test Method C231.5.5 Field Testing of cast stone shall be in accordance withTest Methods C1194 and C1195. Field tested specimens shallhave a minimum compressive strength of 85 % with no singlespecimen testing less than 75 % o
25、f the design requirement asallowed by ACI 318.5.6 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing:5.6.1 The manufacturer shall satisfy the purchaser that theunits have adequate resistance to freezing and thawing eitherthrough proven field performance of similar products madefrom the same materials or through lab
26、oratory testing.5.6.2 If laboratory testing is required, the cast stone shall betested using Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure A, exceptthe method of evaluation is to be based on cumulative percentloss in mass and not relative dynamic modulus of elasticity anddurability factor (that is, do not measu
27、re the fundamentaltransverse frequency during testing). Follow the proceduremodifications to Test Method C666/C666M in 5.6.2.1 through5.6.2.5.5.6.2.1 After the cast stone is 14 days of age, wet-saw three3 by 4 by 16 in. (76 by 102 by 406 mm) beams from a singlesample of cast stone to represent three
28、 specimens for a singletest. One surface of each beam shall be from the exposed,formed face of the sample and the remaining sides shall be sawcut. The allowable size tolerance of the specimens shall be 618in. (3 mm).5.6.2.2 Do not oven dry the beam specimens until all testingfor resistance to freezi
29、ng and thawing has been completed.5.6.2.3 Submerge each beam specimen in lime-saturatedwater at 73.4 6 3F (23 6 1.7C) at least 24 h prior tosubjection to freezing and thawing. Subject each specimen tofreezing and thawing as described in Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure A. Inspect each specimen ever
30、y 30 to 36cycles and collect the fragments caused by freeze-thaw cyclingfrom each specimen individually to monitor loss in massduring testing. For each specimen, oven dry the spalledmaterial and determine its mass until the loss in mass due todrying is not more than 0.2 % in2hofdrying. Record the da
31、taindividually and cumulatively for each specimen throughoutthe test until 300 cycles are completed or the mass lost is atleast 10 %, whichever occurs first. Specimens shall then beoven dried at a temperature of 212 to 230F (100 to 110C)until the loss in mass due to drying is not more than 0.1 % in4
32、8 h of drying. They shall be removed from the oven andallowed to cool at room temperature for approximately 30 minbefore measuring final dry mass. The initial dry mass of eachspecimen is considered to be the final dry mass of the specimenplus the total dry mass of fragments collected from the beamth
33、roughout the test.5.6.2.4 Calculate the cumulative percent mass loss (CPWL)for each beam specimen as follows:CPWL Beam!,%5SS 1 B3 100 (1)where:CPWL (Beam) = cumulative percent mass loss,S = total dry mass of spalled material, andB = oven dried beam mass at the end of thetest.5.6.2.5 Calculate the CP
34、WL for the sample. The CPWL ofthe sample is the average CPWL (Beam) of the three speci-mens.C1364 1025.6.2.6 It is not possible to specify the precision of theprocedure in this specification for freeze-thaw because data isnot yet available. Since there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for d
35、etermining the bias of results of this test, nostatement on bias is being made.5.6.3 The CPWL shall be less than 5 % after 300 cycles offreezing and thawing.5.7 Linear Drying ShrinkageShall not exceed 0.065 %when tested in accordance with Test Method C426.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1
36、Cross section dimensions shall not deviate by more than618 in. (3 mm) from approved dimensions.6.2 Length of units shall not deviate by more than length/360 or 618 in. (3 mm), whichever is greater, not to exceed 614in. (6 mm).7. Sampling and Testing7.1 Sample and test units of cast stone in accordan
37、ce withTest Methods C1194 and C1195.7.1.1 If laboratory testing is required for resistance tofreezing and thawing, sample and test one unit from each caststone mixture design in accordance with 5.6.7.2 Visually examine units in accordance with Section 8.7.3 Visually examine color differences between
38、 units andthe approved sample under daylight illumination as definedunder Spectral Power Distribution in paragraph 5.1.1.1 ofPractice D1729.7.4 Instrumentally examine color differences, if required, inaccordance with Test Method D2244.8. Visual Inspection8.1 All surfaces intended to be exposed to vi
39、ew shall have afine-grained texture similar to natural stone, with no air voidsin excess of132 in. (0.8 mm) and the density of such voids shallbe less than three occurrences per any 1 in.2(25 mm2) and notobvious under direct daylight illumination from a 5-ft (1.5-m)distance, unless otherwise specifi
40、ed.8.2 Minor chipping resulting from shipment and deliveryshall not be grounds for rejection. Minor chipping shall not beobvious under direct daylight illumination from a 20-ft (6-m)distance.8.3 Units shall exhibit a texture approximately equal to theapproved sample when viewed under direct daylight
41、 illumina-tion at a 10-ft (3-m) distance.8.4 The occurrence of crazing or efflorescence shall notconstitute a cause for rejection.9. Permissible Variation in Color9.1 Total Color DifferenceNot greater than 6 units fromthe approved sample or between units of comparable agesubjected to similar weather
42、ing when tested in accordance withthe color difference equation in paragraph 6.2.1 of Test MethodD2244.9.2 Hue DifferenceNot greater than 2 units from theapproved sample or between units of comparable age subjectedto similar weathering when tested in accordance with the colordifference equation in p
43、aragraph 6.2.7 of Test Method D2244.10. Rejection10.1 If the shipment fails to conform to physical or visualrequirements in Sections 5 and 7, the manufacturer may recallthe shipment, sort it, and new specimens shall be selected bythe purchaser and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. Ifthe sec
44、ond set of specimens fails to conform to the testrequirements, the entire shipment shall be rejected.10.2 Units shall be visually inspected and tested prior toinstallation.11. Keywords11.1 architectural cast stone; precast building unit; simulatenatural stoneASTM International takes no position resp
45、ecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This s
46、tandard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Interna
47、tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown bel
48、ow.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C1364 103
