1、Designation: C 1403 06Standard Test Method forRate of Water Absorption of Masonry Mortars1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1403; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a standardized laboratory pro-cedure for determining the relative water absorption by capil-lary uptake (wicking)
3、 characteristics of masonry mortars. Thistest method is not applicable for determining the effectivenessof water repellent coatings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purpor
4、t to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 109
5、/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars(Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit MasonryC 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabine
6、ts,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC 778 Specification for Standard SandC 1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC 1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in
7、 this testmethod, refer to Terminology C 1180.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a laboratory procedure fordetermining the relative water absorption properties over timeof mortars used for masonry construction. Because the speci-mens are made under laboratory conditions and do not
8、take intoaccount the effect of the masonry substrate or field mixingprocedures, this method is not intended for field use. Datagenerated from this test method may be useful for determiningthe relative effectiveness of water repellent admixtures or theeffect of other admixtures or mortar components o
9、n the waterrepellency of a mortar. However, use caution in interpreting theresults. While the resistance of masonry to water penetrationmay be related to the water absorption of the mortar, it alsodepends on other factors, such as the workmanship, extent ofbond, and the properties of the masonry uni
10、ts and mortar.5. Apparatus5.1 BalanceA balance sensitive to 0.1 g.5.2 Uptake ContainerA watertight container with a mini-mum cross sectional area that is at least 50 % greater than thetotal area of the specimens test surface(s) and a minimumdepth of 75 mm (3 in.). Provide a cover for the container t
11、ominimize evaporation.5.2.1 Use specimen supports that allow a minimum of 3 mm(0.12 in.) clearance from the bottom of the container and thatcover a maximum of 10 % of the area of the specimens testsurface. Use supports made of a material that does not float inwater and that does not rust, expand, or
12、 contract as a result ofwater exposure.5.2.2 The container shall be flat so that when a specimen isset on the supports the water level as specified in 7.4 shall notvary by more than 1 mm (0.04 in.) from one end of thespecimen to the opposite end.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Co
13、mmittee C12 on Mortarsand Grouts for Unit Masonry and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC12.02 on Research and Methods of Test.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2006. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 1403 05.2For referenced AST
14、M standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright AST
15、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Specimen MoldsMetal 50-mm or 2-in. cube specimenmolds with removable plastic water tight disposable liners. Theplastic liners shall be rigid enough to retain their shape whenfree standing and fil
16、led with mortar.5.4 SpoonAmetal spoon approximately 230 mm (9 in.) inlength and with a bowl approximately 100 mm (4 in.) in length.5.5 StraightedgeA steel straightedge not less than 150mm (6 in.) long and approximately 1.5-3.0 mm (116 to18 in.)thick.5.6 TamperA tamper made of a nonabsorptive, nonabr
17、a-sive, nonbrittle material such as a rubber compound having aShoreAdurometer hardness of 80 6 10, or seasoned oak woodrendered nonabsorptive by immersion for 15 minutes inparaffin at approximately 200C (392F), and having a crosssection of 13 by 25 mm (0.5 by 1.0 in.) and a convenient lengthof 127 t
18、o 152 mm (5 to 6 in.). The tamping face of the tampershall be flat and at right angles to the length of the tamper.5.7 Trowel, having a steel blade 100 to 150 mm (4 to 6 in.)in length, with straight edges.5.8 Tapping StickA hardwood rod, having a diameter of16 mm (58 in.) and a length of 150 mm (6 i
19、n.).5.9 Timing DeviceA suitable timing device capable ofindicating elapsed time up to 24 h to the nearest 1 min.5.10 CalipersSuitable calipers with parallel jaws for mea-suring the dimensions of the hardened specimens to the nearest0.5 mm.6. Specimen Preparation6.1 Prepare mortar according to Practi
20、ce C 305, adjustingthe water as necessary to obtain a flow of 110 6 5asdetermined by Test Method C 1437. Record the flow. If anadmixture is being added to the mortar, the dosage rate, time ofaddition, and mixing sequence shall follow the manufacturersrecommendation. If there is no manufacturers reco
21、mmenda-tion, add a liquid admixture with the water and add a dryadmixture with the cementitious components. Record the typeand amount of each material by weight used in the mortar. Inaddition, record the type and amount by weight or volume ofany admixture used and when it was added to the mix. Ifapp
22、licable, record the kind of mortar (cement-lime, mortarcement, or masonry cement), the type (O, N, S, or M), andwhether the mortar is made to the proportion or propertyspecification of Specification C 270.6.1.1 To test the behavior of mortar components indepen-dent of the qualities of the masonry sa
23、nd use a blend of equalparts by weight of graded standard sand and standard 20 - 30sand conforming to Specification C 778.6.2 Prepare 50-mm or 2-in. cube specimens according toTest Method C 109/C 109M except the mortar shall be themortar prepared in 6.1 and the molds shall be as specified in5.3. Mak
24、e a minimum of three replicate specimens from eachmortar batch.6.3 Immediately upon completion of casting, place the testspecimens in a moist closet or moist room conforming to therequirements of Specification C511. Keep all test specimens intheir molds and in the moist closet or moist room for 24 6
25、 1h with their upper surfaces exposed to the moist air butprotected from dripping water.6.4 At 24 6 1 h from the time of mixing remove thespecimens from the molds. Mark the side of each specimenindicating which surface is top, as cast. Cure the specimens ina moisture tight plastic bag at 24 6 8C (75
26、 6 15F) for a total28 days from the time of casting.6.5 At the age of 28 days 6 12 h from the time of casting,remove the specimens from the plastic bag and dry in aventilated oven at 110 to 115C (230 to 240F) for not less than24 h and until two successive weighings at intervals of 2 hshow an increme
27、nt of loss not greater than 0.2 % of the lastpreviously determined weight of the specimen. Remove thespecimens from the oven and cool in ambient conditions (24 68C (75 6 15F) and a relative humidity of less than 80 % fora minimum of 2 h and until the specimens reach ambienttemperature. Begin testing
28、 within 24 h after reaching ambienttemperature.7. Procedure7.1 Calculate the area of the test surface for each specimenfrom the length and width of the test surface. The test surfaceis the top face of the cube, as cast. Using calipers, measure thelength of the cube test surface to the nearest 0.5 mm
29、 at threelocations along its height and record as L1the average length inmillimetres to the nearest 0.5 mm. Using calipers, measure thewidth of the cube test surface to the nearest 0.5 mm at threelocations along its height and record as L2the average width inmillimetres to the nearest 0.5 mm.7.2 Rec
30、ord as W0the initial weight in grams to the nearest0.1 g of each individual specimen immediately prior to testing.7.3 Place the uptake container on a flat level surface. Placeall specimens in the uptake container(s) with their top faces, ascast, in contact with the specimen supports as illustrated i
31、n Fig.1.7.4 Add room temperature (24 6 8C (75 6 15F) water tothe uptake container(s) so that the specimens are partiallyimmersed in 3.0 6 0.5 mm (0.12 6 0.02 in.) of water. Whenadding water make sure not to splash water onto the specimens.Cover the uptake container(s) to minimize evaporation.7.5 Mon
32、itor the specimens during the first 1 min and after 56 1 min to make sure the water level is adequate during theinitial absorption phase.Add water as necessary to maintain theimmersion depth as specified in 7.4. When adding water makesure not to splash water onto the specimens. Cover the uptakeconta
33、iner(s) to minimize evaporation.7.6 At 0.25, 1, 4, and 24 h, measure the weight in grams tothe nearest 0.1 g of each specimen and record as WTwhere Tis the measurement time in hours. Wipe off surface water fromeach specimen with a damp cloth prior to each weighing (seeNote 1). Complete the wipe with
34、in 10 s of removal fromcontact with the water and complete weighing within 1 min.NOTE 1The wipe-off cloth should be damp enough so it does not wickwater off the specimen surface but not so damp that it is dripping water.Experience has shown that the cloth may need to be wrung out every 8 to12 cubes
35、to keep it from getting too wet.7.7 After each weighing, replace the specimens into theuptake container(s) and add water as necessary to maintain theimmersion depth specified in 7.4. When adding water, makesure not to splash water onto the specimens. Re-cover theuptake container(s).C14030628. Calcul
36、ation8.1 Calculate and record as ATthe water absorption ingrams/100 cm2, at each time period, T, for each specimen, asfollows:AT5 WT W0! 3 10 000/L13 L2! (1)where:WT= the weight of the specimen at time T in grams to thenearest 0.1 g,W0= the initial weight of the specimen in grams to thenearest 0.1 g
37、,L1= the average length of the test surface of the mortarspecimen cube in mm to the nearest 0.5 mm, andL2= the average width of the test surface of the mortarspecimen cube in mm to the nearest 0.5 mm.8.2 Calculate and record as, AT(avg), the average ATforeach set of three or more replicate specimens
38、 at each timeinterval.9. Report9.1 Report the mortar mixture, as follows:9.1.1 The type and amount of each material by weight usedin the mortar,9.1.2 The type and amount by weight or volume of anyadmixture used in the mortar and when it was added to the mix,9.1.3 The actual flow of the mortar batch(
39、es), and9.1.4 If applicable:9.1.4.1 The kind of mortar (cement-lime, mortar cement, ormasonry cement),9.1.4.2 The type (O, N, S, or M) used, and9.1.4.3 Whether the mortar was made to the proportion orproperty specification of Specification C 270.9.2 Report the water absorption test results, as follo
40、ws:9.2.1 For each specimen, report:9.2.1.1 L1, the average length of the test surface of themortar specimen cube in mm to the nearest 0.5 mm,9.2.1.2 L2, the average width of the test surface of themortar specimen cube in mm to the nearest 0.5 mm,9.2.1.3 W0, the initial weight of the specimen in g to
41、 thenearest 0.1 g,9.2.1.4 WT, the weight of the specimen at each time T in gto the nearest 0.1 g, and9.2.1.5 AT, the water absorption of the specimen at eachtime T in g/100 cm2.9.2.2 For each set of three or more replicates, report:9.2.2.1 AT(avg), the average water absorption at each time Tin g/100
42、 cm2.10. Precision and Bias10.1 A precision and bias statement is not available for thistest method.11. Keywords11.1 absorption; absorption rate; masonry mortar; waterrepellentFIG. 1 Specimen Configuration During TestingC1403063SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C12 has identified the location of selected
43、changes to this standard since the last issue(C 1403 05) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 15, 2006.)(1) Subsection 2.1 was revised and Section 3 was added toreference Terminology C 1180 for definitions of terms used inthis test method. All subsequent sections were renumbered.
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47、ee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C1403064
