1、Designation: C 1405 08Standard Specification forGlazed Brick (Single Fired, Brick Units)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick, having a ceramic glazefinish fused to the body during the same process as the unitbody firing, that are in
3、tended for use in masonry and supplyingstructural or facing components, or both, to the structure. Thisspecification does not cover double-fired glazed brick. Somedouble-fired decorative glazes have physical properties whichvary from those of single-fired glazes due to the lowertemperatures used in
4、applying the decorative coating.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply atthe time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining conform-ance or nonconformance to the property requirements of thisspecification is beyond the s
5、cope of this specification.1.3 Glazed brick are prismatic units available in a variety ofsizes, textures, colors, and shapes. Glazed brick are manufac-tured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthysubstances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevatedtemperatures (firing). The heat
6、treatment shall develop a firedbond between the particulate constituents to provide thestrength and durability requirements of this specification (seefiring, fired bond, glaze, and incipient fusion in TerminologyC43).1.4 Glazed brick are shaped during manufacture by mold-ing, pressing, or extrusion,
7、 and the shaping method is a way todescribe the brick.1.5 Glazed brick are classified into one of two grades, one oftwo types, one of two classes, and one of three divisions.1.6 Opacity of the glaze is not required unless specified bythe purchaser.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and f
8、ootnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of this standard.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to
9、 SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and det
10、ermine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C43 Terminology of Structural Clay ProductsC67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC 1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forMasonryE84 Test Metho
11、d for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials2.2 NFPA Standard:NFPA No. 255 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials32.3 UL Standard:UL No. 723 Flammability Studies of Cellular Plastics andOther Building Materials Used for Interior Finishes42.4 ICBO Standard:UBC No.
12、 42-1 Test Method for Fire Hazard Classificationof Building Material52.5 Federal Standard:Federal Standard Test No. 141 Abrasion Resistance (TaberAbraser)61This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
13、C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 1405 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceast
14、m.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 P
15、fingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.5Available from the International Conference of Building Officials, 5360 SouthWorkman Mill Road, Whittier, CA 90601.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 2040
16、1, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are definedin accordance with
17、 Terminology C43.4. Classification4.1 GradesGrades classify glazed brick according to theirpermissible variation in face dimension as follows. Whengrade is not specified, the requirements for Grade S govern.4.1.1 Grade S (Standard), units for use where standarddimensional tolerances are desired.4.1.
18、2 Grade SS (Select Sized), units for use where a higherdegree of precision and lower permissible variation in size aredesired.4.2 TypesTwo types of glazed brick are covered. Whentype is not specified, the requirements for Type I govern.4.2.1 Type I (Single-Faced Units), for general use whereonly one
19、 face is finished.4.2.2 Type II (Two-Faced Units), for use where two oppositefaces are finished.4.3 ClassesTwo classes of glazed brick are covered.When class is not specified, the requirements for Class Exteriorgovern.4.3.1 Class Exterior, for exterior applications.4.3.2 Class Interior, for interior
20、 applications.NOTE 1Special brick shapes may be desired by the purchaser that donot meet all of the requirements of this specification (see 8.2.1). Consultthe manufacturer for availability of special units and suitability for theintended purpose.4.4 DivisionsThree divisions of glazed brick are cover
21、ed.Divisions identify the amount and placement of hollow spaces(cores, cells and deep frogs) in the cross section of the unit. Inthe Division nomenclature, H shall be understood to meanhollow, and V shall be understood to mean void.4.4.1 Division SolidBrick with void area less than orequal to 25 % o
22、f its gross cross sectional area, measured in anyplane parallel to the surface containing the cores, cells, or deepfrogs.4.4.2 Division H40VBrick with void area greater than25 % but less than or equal to 40 % of its gross cross sectionalarea, measured in any plane parallel to the surface containingt
23、he cores, cells, or deep frogs.4.4.3 Division H60VBrick with void area greater than40 % but less than or equal to 60 % of its gross cross sectionalarea, measured in any plane parallel to the surface containingthe cores, cells, or deep frogs. The shell thicknesses shallcomply with the requirements in
24、 Table 1. See Fig. 1.5. Physical Properties5.1 DurabilityGlazed brick shall conform to the physicalproperties requirements for the class specified as prescribed inTable 2 or in 5.1.1 or 5.1.2. For the compressive strengthrequirements, test the unit with the compressive force perpen-dicular to the be
25、d surface of the unit, with the unit in thestretcher position.NOTE 2The physical property requirements for durability are basedupon correlation of these physical properties and freeze-thaw testing ofunits in standard production. They indicate durability. Conformance withthese property requirements p
26、rovides a reasonable level of confidence asto durability in lieu of freeze-thaw testing.5.1.1 Strength and Absorption Requirements AlternateThe saturation coefficient requirement for Class Exterior doesnot apply, provided the average compressive strength of arandom sample of five brick equals or exc
27、eeds 8000 psi (55.2MPa) with no individual strength less than 7500 psi (51.8MPa).Additionally, the 24-h cold water absorption of each unitshall not exceed 6.0 %.5.1.2 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe requirementsfor cold water absorption (5.1.1) and absorption and saturationTABLE 1 Division H60VH
28、ollow Glazed Brick Minimum Thickness of Face Shells and Webs, in. (mm)Nominal Width of Unit Face Shell Type End ShellsSolid Cored or Double Shell3 and 4 (76 and 102)34 (19.0) .34 (19.0)6 (152) 1 (25.4) 112 (38.1) 1 (25.4)8 (203) 114 (31.8) 112 (38.1) 1 (25.4)10 (254) 138 (34.9) 158 (41.3) 118 (28.6)
29、12 (305) 112 (38.1) 2 (50.8) 118 (28.6)FIG. 1 Types of Hollow Glazed Brick UnitsC1405082coefficient (Table 2) for Class Exterior do not apply, provideda sample of five brick, meeting the strength requirements ofTable 2, passes the freezing and thawing test as described in theRating Section of the Fr
30、eezing and Thawing test procedures ofTest Methods C67.NOTE 3The 50 cycle freezing and thawing test is used as analternative only when units do not conform to either Table 2 requirementsfor maximum water absorption and saturation coefficient, or to therequirements of the Strength and Absorption Alter
31、nate in 5.1.1.5.1.2.1 Class Exterior: Breakage and Weight LossRequirementNo individual unit separates or disintegratesresulting in a weight loss greater than 0.5 % of its original dryweight.5.1.2.2 Class Exterior: Cracking RequirementNo indi-vidual unit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the
32、unitsleast dimension.5.2 StrengthWhen glazed brick are required havingstrengths greater than prescribed by this specification, thepurchaser shall specify the desired average compressivestrength and the individual minimum compressive strength.5.3 Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA)Determine results forI
33、RA in accordance with Test Methods C67and furnish resultsat the request of the specifier or purchaser.NOTE 4Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction)IRA is not a qualifyingcondition or property of units in this specification. This property ismeasured in order to assist in mortar selection and material ha
34、ndling in theconstruction process.6. Efflorescence6.1 When the brick are tested in accordance with TestMethods C 67, the rating for efflorescence shall be: “noteffloresced.”7. Properties of Glaze7.1 ImperviousnessWhen tested for imperviousness,12.1.1, no stain that can be seen from a distance of 5 f
35、t (1.5 m)shall remain on or beneath the surface, except a slightdiscoloration in the depressions on matt, stippled, or mottledglazes and in the crevices formed into the unit face(s) provid-ing surface features.7.2 Resistance to FadingWhen tested for chemical resis-tance, 12.1.2, the color of the gla
36、ze shall not change from theapproved sample.7.3 Resistance to CrazingWhen tested for crazing, 12.1.3,the glaze shall not craze, spall, or crack when subjected to onecycle of autoclaving.7.4 Flame Spread, Fuel Contribution, and Smoke DensityBody and finish shall withstand temperatures up to 1900F(878
37、C) without distortion or melting and rate “noncombus-tible.” When tested in accordance with the provisions of TestMethod E84, glazed brick shall measure 0 flame spread, 0 fuelcontribution, and 0 smoke density.NOTE 5This test method is similar to that specified in NFPANo. 255,UL No. 723, and UBC No.
38、42-1.7.5 Toxic FumesToxic fumes shall not be released fromthe body or glaze finish at temperatures up to 1900F (878C).No toxic fumes shall be released from the body or glaze finishwhen glazed brick are tested in accordance with Test MethodE84.7.6 Hardness and Abrasion ResistanceGlaze shall resistscr
39、atching by ordinary glass or steel and be rated above five onthe Mohs Hardness Scale. When tested for abrasion, underWear Index Method No. 6192 of Federal Standard Test No.141, using a Standard Taber Abraser Model CS-17 calibratedwheel and a 2.2 lb (1000 g) weight for 1000 wear cycles, theglazed fac
40、e shall have a wear factor not in excess of 15.7.7 OpacityWhen opacity of the glaze is specified, dis-coloration of the body shall not be visible through the glazewhen tested for opacity, 12.1.4.NOTE 6Opacity (7.7) is not a required property of clear and translu-cent glazes. The fading resistance (7
41、.2) and hardness and abrasionresistance (7.6) properties are not required for metallic glazes. If thoseproperties are important for glazes, consult the manufacturer for avail-ability and suitability for the intended purpose.8. Appearance, Color, and Texture8.1 The body of the units shall be free of
42、defects, deficien-cies, and other imperfections that would interfere with theproper setting of the brick or significantly impair the strengthor performance of the construction.8.2 The color, color range, and texture shall be specified bythe purchaser. The stretcher face of the brick and the exposedf
43、ace(s) of shapes shall have the same general texture, colorrange, and glaze as the approved sample. The texture of theglazed surfaces shall conform to an approved sample of notless than four stretcher brick, each representing the texturedesired. The color range shall be indicated by the approvedsamp
44、le.8.2.1 Where brick are required having faces glazed otherthan those identified by type (Section 4), the purchaser shallspecify faces to be glazed and the quantity of brick needed.NOTE 7Consult the manufacturer for the availability of specialty unitssuitable for the intended purposes.8.3 The face(s
45、) to be glazed shall be covered with a ceramicglaze of uniform quality. The glaze shall be free of chips,crazes, blisters, crawling, or other imperfections detractingfrom the appearance of the designated sample when viewedTABLE 2 Physical RequirementsDesignationMinimum Compressive Strength,psi (MPa)
46、, Gross AreaMaximumWaterAbsorption by24-h Cold, 7Maximum Saturation CoefficientAAverage of 5BrickIndividual Individual Average of 5BrickIndividualClass Exterior 6000 (41.4) 5000 (34.8) 7.0 0.78 0.80Class Interior 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)AThe saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24 h s
47、ubmersion in cold water to that after 5 h submersion in boiling water.C1405083from a distance, at right angles to the sample, of 15 ft (4.57 m)for Class Exterior units and 5 ft (1.52 m) for Class Interiorunits.8.4 Overspray of glazes onto adjacent faces of the unitsshall be regulated by the manufact
48、urer. Residue resulting fromthe glazing operation shall not interfere with the proper settingof the units or significantly impair the strength or performanceof the construction.NOTE 8Consult the manufacturer for the extent of overspray commonin production. Should other limits on allowable overspray
49、be desired, themanufacturer shall be consulted for availability.8.5 The number of glazed brick in a delivery that are brokenor otherwise fail to meet the requirements for chippage andtolerances shall not exceed 5 %.8.6 After brick are handled by the purchaser, the manufac-turer or the manufacturers agent shall not be held responsiblefor compliance of brick with the requirements of this specifi-cation for chippage and tolerances.9. Size and Tolerances9.1 The dimensions of brick shall be as specified by thepurchaser. In a s
