1、Designation: C 1422 99 (Reapproved 2005)e1Standard Specification forChemically Strengthened Flat Glass1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEFigure 1 was editorially updated in May 2005.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for chemi-cally strengthened gl
3、ass products that originate from flat glassand are used in general building construction, transportation,and other specialty applications, such as copy machine scan-ners, computer disks, and flat glass screens for televisionmonitors. Techniques such as ion implantation, dealkalization,etch-strengthe
4、ning, and glaze coatings are specifically ex-cluded.1.2 Classification of chemically strengthened glass productsis based on the laboratory measurements of surface compres-sion and case depth and not on the modulus of rupture (MOR).This specification does not purport to address end-use perfor-mance.1
5、.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 Dimensional
6、values are stated in SI units, the standardunits for this specification. Inch-pound units, given in paren-theses, are for information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 162 Terminology of Glass and Glass ProductsC 978 Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Re-sidual Stress in a
7、 Transparent Glass Matrix Using aPolarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compen-sation ProceduresC 1036 Specification for Flat GlassC 1279 Test Method for Nondestructive Photoelastic Mea-surement of Edge and Surface Stresses in Annealed,Heat-Strengthened, and Fully Tempered Flat Glass3. Termin
8、ology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology C 162, as appropri-ate.3.1.1 blemishesRefer to Specification C 1036 for flatglass.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 case depthdepth of compression below the surfaceto the nearest zero stress plane.3.2.2 chemically strengthened glassglas
9、s which has beenstrengthened by ion-exchange to produce a compressive stresslayer at the treated surface.3.2.3 ion-exchange processthe exchange of constituentions in the glass with externally supplied ions (generally attemperatures near the strain point of the glass). This may beaccomplished by imme
10、rsing glass in a molten salt bath orsolution with or without electric field assistance, exposingglass to plasma, applying a paste on the glass surface, orsurface crystallization with or without electric field assistance.3.2.4 surface compressionan in-plane stress which tendsto compact the atoms in t
11、he surface.4. Significance and Use4.1 Chemically strengthened glass is significantly strongerthan annealed glass, depending upon the glass composition,strengthening process, level of abrasion, and the applicationenvironment. The strengthening process does not contributesignificantly to optical disto
12、rtion.4.2 The chemical strengthening process can effectivelystrengthen glass of all sizes and shapes and can be useful incases in which glass is too thin, small, or complex-shaped forthermal tempering.4.3 Monolithic chemically strengthened glass is not a safetyglazing product because its break patte
13、rn is similar to that ofannealed glass. When safety glazing is required, chemicallystrengthened glass shall be laminated.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glassand Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.08 on FlatGlass.Current edition
14、 approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C142299.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.4 The very nature of the chemical strengthening processalters the glass surface chemistry. Therefore, the procedures fo
16、rand the performance of postprocessing steps, such as laminat-ing and coating, can be different from that of nonchemicallystrengthened glass.4.5 Modulus of rupture (MOR), weight gain, and opticalmethods are other methods used for process control in chemi-cal strengthening.5. Classification5.1 KindsC
17、hemically strengthened glass furnished in ac-cordance with this specification shall be classified on the basisof the surface compression levels (Level 1-5) and case depth(Levels A-F). These levels are independent of each other.Increasing levels of surface compression permit an increasingamount of fl
18、exure. Greater case depths offer more protectionfrom strength reduction caused by abuse and abrasion. Thethickness of the test specimen shall be reported with the surfacecompression and case depth levels. Case depth values mayvary on different thicknesses of the same glass type which havebeen manufa
19、ctured under similar chemical exchange condi-tions. For classification purposes, all surface compression andcase depth values are to be reported on 3-mm (18-in.) thickwitness specimens in accordance with 8.1.3.5.1.1 Surface Compression:5.1.1.1 Level 1Surface compression, 7 MPa (1000 psi)#172 MPa (25
20、 000 psi).5.1.1.2 Level 2Surface compression, 172 MPa (25 000psi) #345 MPa (50 000 psi).5.1.1.3 Level 3Surface compression, 345 MPa (50 000psi) #517 MPa (75 000 psi).5.1.1.4 Level 4Surface compression, 517 MPa (75 000psi) #690 MPa (100 000 psi).5.1.1.5 Level 5Surface compression, 690 MPa (100 000psi
21、).5.1.2 Case Depth:5.1.2.1 Level ACase depth, #50 m (0.002 in.).5.1.2.2 Level BCase depth, 50 m (0.002 in.) and #150m (0.006 in.).5.1.2.3 Level CCase depth, 150 m (0.006 in.) and#250 m (0.010 in.).5.1.2.4 Level DCase depth, 250 m (0.010 in.) and#350 m (0.014 in.).5.1.2.5 Level ECase depth, 350 m (0.
22、014 in.) and#500 m (0.020 in.).5.1.2.6 Level FCase depth, 500 m (0.020 in.).6. Ordering Information6.1 Purchasers should select the preferred options permittedin this specification and include the following information inthe procurement documents:6.1.1 Title, number, and date of this specification.6
23、.1.2 Surface compression (see 5.1.1) or minimum accept-able value.6.1.3 Case depth (see 5.1.2) or minimum acceptable value.6.1.4 Fabrication information (see 7.1).7. Fabrication7.1 FabricationAfter the glass has been chemicallystrengthened, it shall only be modified as recommended by thefabricator.
24、No modification shall be made that will affect thesurface compression and case depth.7.1.1 ThicknessSubstrates for chemically strengthenedglass shall be in accordance with the thicknesses in Specifica-tion C 1036 and as specified therein (see Section 6). Allthicknesses may not be available. Consult
25、the manufacturer orthe fabricator.8. Test Method8.1 Preparation of the Test Specimen:8.1.1 Prepare the test specimens from the same material asthe test batch and anneal before chemically strengthening.8.1.2 Protect the edges of the test specimens during thepreparation process (slicing, grinding, smo
26、othing).8.1.3 Awitness specimen plate, having minimum length andwidth of 25 by 12.5 mm (1 by12 in.) and having a nominalthickness of 3 mm shall be processed. Both the large flat facesof the specimen shall have the as-fabricated condition. Afterthe chemical strengthening process, slice a section from
27、 thisspecimen perpendicularly at least 2 mm (0.08 in.) away fromthe ends (see Fig. 1). The thickness (height) of this sectionbetween parallel faces shall not exceed 1.5 mm (0.06 in.).3Lightly polish the section using conventional ceramographictechniques and use the section for classification by view
28、ing theoptical retardation through its height.3The recommended range is from 0.5 to 1.5 mm (0.02 to 0.06 in.). Specimenthicknesses at the lower end of this range yield better results.FIG. 1 Slice LocationC 1422 99 (2005)e128.2 Apparatus for Measuring of the Surface Stress in aSection (Slice):8.2.1 M
29、icroscope, used with a minimum objective timeeyepiece magnification of 1003.8.2.2 Polarizers, installed in mutually crossed orientation,aligned at +45 to the symmetry plane of the microscope.8.2.3 Means of Measuring Distances Between the BlackFringe and the Edge, including a fine-graduated reticle o
30、r afilar micrometer eyepiece (specimen fixed to the stage) or a finereticle (specimen supported on a micrometer stage). Themeasuring system must resolve 1 m with reproducibilitybetter than 5 m. If a filar micrometer is used, it must becalibrated using a certified precision scale.8.3 Make the measure
31、ment of case depth from the center ofthe dark fringes to the nearest fabrication surface using thereticle or the filar eyepiece. Compute the separation betweenthe center of the dark fringe and the nearest surface using theknown calibration and report as the case depth (see Fig. 2).8.4 Measurement of
32、 Surface Stress:8.4.1 The surface stress of the chemically strengthenedwitness specimen plate can be measured using polarimetry andrefractometry techniques, in accordance with Test MethodC 1279.8.4.2 The edge stress of the slice removed from the witnessspecimen can be measured using a microscope def
33、ined in 8.2.Measure the retardation at the edge using a suitable compen-sator in accordance with Test Method C 978 and convert tostress in accordance with 8.5.2.8.4.3 When visibility of the edge is inadequate, extrapola-tion techniques are permitted. To implement the extrapolation,measure the retard
34、ation at several points between the zerofringe and the edge, typically in 10-m intervals (a minimumof three points is required). The profile must be then extrapo-lated to the edge as shown in Fig. 3.8.5 Calculation of Surface Stress:8.5.1 When surface polarimetry is used, the manufacturerscalibratio
35、n is required to convert the instrument to surfacestress.8.5.2 When edge retardation is measured in accordance with8.4.2 or in 8.4.3, calculate stress using the following:S 5 R/tC 1v! (1)where:S = stress, MPa;R = measured retardation, nm;t = slice thickness, mm;v = Poissons ratio (0.2 for most glass
36、es); andC = stress-optic coefficient, 1012Pa1(Brewster) units,appropriate for the parent glass.49. Keywords9.1 case depth; chemically strengthened; flat glass; ionexchange; surface compressionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection wit
37、h any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible techn
38、ical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerati
39、on at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
40、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4For a list of stress-optic coefficients, see Varshneya, A.K., Fundamentals ofInorganic Glasses, Academic Press, 1994, p. 481.FIG. 2 Case DepthFIG. 3 Extrapolation Procedure Plotting Birefringence VersusPositionC 1422 99 (2005)e13
