1、Designation: C1504 151C1504 15aStandard Specification forManufacture of Precast Reinforced Concrete Three-SidedStructures for Culverts and Storm Drains1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1504; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorial correction was made in April 2015.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers si
3、ngle-cell precast conventionally reinforced concrete three-sided structures intended to be usedfor the construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water.1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C1504 has been developedC1504M; therefore, no metric equivalents arepresented in this
4、 specification.NOTE 1This specification is primarily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. The successful performance of this product depends upon theproper selection of the geometric section, bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The
5、purchaser ofthe precast reinforced concrete three-sided structure specified herein is cautioned that proper correlation of the loading conditions and the fieldrequirements with the geometric section specified and provisions for inspection at the construction site are required.1.3 The values stated i
6、n inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteA615/A615M Specification for Deform
7、ed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method fo
8、r Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
9、ConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or TileC595C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989C989/C989M Sp
10、ecification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and ShotcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydrauli
11、c Cement Concrete2.2 AASHTO Standard:AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification31 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition app
12、roved Jan. 15, 2015Oct. 1, 2015. Published January 2015October 2015. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asC1504 14.C1504 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1504-15.10.1520/C1504-15A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Servi
13、ce at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.This document is not an
14、ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In
15、 all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 ACI Standard:ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concr
16、ete and Commentary43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to geometric sections, see Terminology C822.4. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete three-sided structures manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be designated byspan, rise, and design earth cover.5.
17、Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the three-sided sections produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of theconcrete compressive strength tests described in Section 10, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by inspectionof the finished three-sid
18、ed sections.5.2 Three-sided sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this specification.6. Materials6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates aggregates,admixture, if used, and water, i
19、n which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement cement, portland-limestone cemen
20、t, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to therequirements of Specification C595C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cementshall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Gra
21、nulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)Slag CementGGBFS Slag cement shall conform to the requirementsof Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989C989/C989M.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall beone of the following:(1) Portla
22、nd cement only,(2) Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,(3) Portland pozzolan cement only,(4) A combination of portland cement and fly ash,(5) A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag(6) A combination of portland cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and f
23、ly ash.(7) A combination of portland pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash
24、,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash.6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification
25、 C33C33/C33M, except that the requirements for gradation shall notapply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixturesAdmixtures The following admixtures and blends shall conform to Specification areallowable:C494/C494M.6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixt
26、ure conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.4.5 Air Entraining AdmixturesAir entraining will be required on all products produced with
27、positive slump, wet-castconcrete and shall conform to the requirements of Specification C260/C260M.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.C1504 15a26.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire re
28、inforcement conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M for steel wire and welded wire reinforcement, plain and deformed, for concrete. For circumferential reinforcement,deformed and plain steel bars for reinforced concrete are permitted conforming to Specification A706/A706M or A615/A615M,Grade 60, an
29、d longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement or deformed billet-steel barsconforming to Specification A706/A706M or A615/A615M, Grade 60.NOTE 2This specification does not address reinforcement with prestressing strand or any other form of pre-tensioning or pos
30、t-tensioning.6.6 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers may be Synthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall beallowed to be used, at the manufacturersmanufacturers option, in three-sided structuresconcrete pipe as a nonstructuralmanufacturing material. Only type III synth
31、etic fibers Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I)designed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116C1116/C1116M shall be accepted.6.7 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or
32、non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design CriteriaThe three-sided sections dimensions and reinforcement details shall be as required by design, inaccordance with Section 3, 5 and 12.14 of the American Association of State Highway and Transportatio
33、n Officials (AASHTO)LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. The minimum concrete compressive strength shall be 5000 psi, and the minimum steel yieldstrength shall be 65 000 psi for welded-wire reinforcement and 60 000 psi for deformed billet-steel bars.7.2 Placement of ReinforcementThe minimum cover of c
34、oncrete over the circumferential reinforcing diameter shall be 1 in.for bar reinforcement and welded wire reinforcement for all structures up to 12 ft in span, and 1.5 in. for longer spans subject tothe provisions of Section 11 for both bar reinforcement and welded wire reinforcement. The clear dist
35、ance of the endcircumferential wires shall be not less than 12 in. nor more than 2 in. from the ends of each section. For three-sided sections coveredby less than 2 ft of fill, minimum cover for the reinforcement in the top of the top slab shall be 2-in., subject to the provisions ofSection 11. Rein
36、forcement shall be assembled utilizing any combination of single or multiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement,not to exceed three layers or utilizing single or multiple layers of deformed billet steel bars, not to exceed two layers. Thewelded-wire reinforcement on 7.3 shall be composed of circumf
37、erential and longitudinal wires meeting the spacing requirementsof 7.3 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the three-sided section to maintain the shape and positionof reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may be welded-wire reinforcement or deformed bi
38、llet-steel bars andshall meet the spacing requirements of 7.3. The ends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall not be more than 2 in.from the ends of a three-sided section. The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and spacers used to position thereinforcement shall not be a
39、 cause for rejection.7.3 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. For welded wirereinforcement, the overlap measured between the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet or the outermost barsshall not be less than the spacing of t
40、he longitudinal wires plus 2 in. but not less than 10 in. For splices of deformed billet steelbars, the overlap shall meet the requirements of AASHTO. The outside circumferential reinforcement in the top slab shall becontinuous with or be lapped with the outside circumferential reinforcement in the
41、sides. If welds are made to welded wirereinforcement circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not less than 18in. apart along the longitudinal axis of the three-sided section. When spacers are welded to circumferential wires, they shall beweld
42、ed only to these selected circumferential wires. There shall be no welding to other circumferential wires. No welds shall bemade to the inside circumferential wires in the middle third of the top span. No welds shall be made to the outside circumferentialwires in the top span within one fourth of th
43、e span from the corners or in any location in either leg. Welding of deformed billetsteel bar circumferential reinforcement is prohibited in all cases. When distribution reinforcement is to be fastened to a cage bywelding, it shall be welded only to longitudinal wires or bars and only near the ends
44、of the three-sided section. The spacing centerto center of the circumferential reinforcement shall not be less than 2 in. nor more than 4 in. for welded wire reinforcement or lessthan 2 in. nor more than 8 in. for deformed billet steel bars. The spacing center to center of the longitudinal reinforce
45、ment shallnot be more than 8 in. for welded wire reinforcement or more than 12 in. for deformed billet steel bars. If welds are made to Grade60 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A706/A706M shall be used.8. Joints8.1 The precast reinforced concrete three-sided structures sha
46、ll be produced with tongue and groove ends, flat butt ends orkey-way ends. The ends shall be of such design and the ends of the three-sided sections so formed that each section can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of sections compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.9.
47、 Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with cementitious materials and water andadmixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed concrete of such quality that the structures will conform to the designC1504 15a3requirements of this specification. All co
48、ncrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weightsexcept that for concrete exposed to cyclic freeze/thaw the water-cementitious materials ratio shall not exceed 0.45. Cementitiousmaterials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion no
49、t less than 470 lb/yd3 unless mix designs witha lower cementitious materials content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the three-sided sections meet therequirements of this specification. Wet cast concrete subject to freeze/thaw cycle shall be air-entrained. Air entrainment amountsshall be in accordance with ACI 31811, Chapter 4, for the appropriate Exposure Class.9.2 CuringThe three-sided sections shall be cured for a sufficient length of time so that the concrete will develop the requiredcompressive strength by the time of deliver
