1、Designation: C 1594 07Standard Specification forPolyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the composition and physicalproperties of polyimide foam insulation with nominal densitiesfrom 1.0 lb/ft3to 8.
3、0 lb/ft3(16 kg/m3to 128 kg/m3) andintended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation fortemperatures from 423F to +600F (253C to +316C) incommercial and industrial environments.1.1.1 The annex shall apply to this specification for marineapplications.1.1.2 This standard is designed as a mater
4、ial specificationand not a design document.1.1.3 The values stated in Tables 1 and 2 are not to be usedas design values. It is the buyers responsibility to specifydesign requirements and obtain supporting documentationfrom the material supplier.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be reg
5、ardedas the standard. The SI units are given in parentheses forinformation only and are approximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and heal
6、th practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.NOTE 1The subject matter of this material specification is not coveredby any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standardcovering the subject of this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2
7、C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-ties of Pipe InsulationC 390 Practice for Sampling and Acce
8、ptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC 447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-ture of Thermal InsulationsC 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Appara
9、tusC 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental AcousticsC 665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal In-sulation for Light Frame Construction and ManufacturedHousingC 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal TransmissionProperties Under Steady-State ConditionsC 1058 Practice for Selecting Temp
10、eratures for Evaluatingand Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal InsulationC 1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC 1482 Specification for Polyimide Flexible Cellular Ther-mal and Sound Absorbing InsulationD 543 Practices for Evaluat
11、ing the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties Of RigidCellular PlasticsD 2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plasticsto Thermal and Humid AgingD 2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimu
12、m OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index)D 3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSlab,Bonded, and Molded Urethane FoamsD 6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cel-lular PlasticsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding
13、 MaterialsE 96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of SmokeGenerated by Solid Materials1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct r
14、esponsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 onOrganic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 159404.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
15、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 2231 Practi
16、ce for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofPipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess SurfaceBurning Characteristics2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:FAR 25.853(a), Appendix F, Part 1, (a) (1) (i) Test Criteriaand Procedures for Showing Compliance with Sec.25.853, or 25.85532.3 Private Sector Standards:B
17、oeing BSS 7239 Test Method for Toxic Gas Generation byMaterials on Combustion43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are definedin Terminology C 168, Terminology C 634, and TerminologyE 176. In the case of a conflict, Terminology C 168 shall be thedominant authority.3.2 Defini
18、tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 slaba rectangular section, piece, or sheet of foamthat is cut from a bun, or block of foam.4. Classification4.1 The polyimide cellular insulations of the specificationare classified into Types I, II and III. Type I is polyimide foamwith a closed cell co
19、ntent of greater than 75 % and Type II isopen celled polyimide foam with a closed cell content of lessthan 30 %. Type III is polymide foam with a closed cell contentof between 20 and 75 %. The polyimide cellular insulation isfurther classified into grades according to density.4.1.1 Grade 1Densities
20、to 8.0 lb/ft3(128 kg/m3).4.1.2 Grade 2Densities to 6.0 lb/ft3(96 kg/m3).4.1.3 Grade 3Densities to 3.0 lb/ft3(48 kg/m3)4.1.4 Grade 4Densities to 1.5 lb/ft3(24 kg/m3)4.2 Type II polyimide cellular insulation is further dividedinto Classes 1 and 2 based on Upper Temperature Limits of600F and 400F (316C
21、 and 204C) respectively.4.3 Use Upper Temperature Limit for classification only.Actual temperature use limits are application dependant andshall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer and pur-chaser.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Polyimide foam shall be manufactured from the appro-priate monome
22、rs, and necessary compounding ingredients toconform to the definition in Terminology C 168.NOTE 2Type I and III materials are typically prepared by foaming ina closed mold while Type II material are typically prepared by compress-ing polymide foams of the type specified in Specification C 1482.NOTE
23、3Polyimide foam products made using different monomers arenot equivalent, which can affect physical properties.6. Physical Properties6.1 The insulation shall conform to the requirements inTables 1 and 2 for each type, unless specifically statedotherwise by agreement between the supplier and the pur-
24、chaser. Tests shall be made in accordance with the methodsspecified in 11.1-11.18.6.1.1 Upper Temperature LimitUpper temperature limitshall be determined according to 11.4.6.1.2 Burning CharacteristicsThe uncoated and unfacedfoam shall conform to the requirements in Tables 1 and 2 foreach type, when
25、 tested in accordance with 11.13-11.18, withoutthe use of flame/smoke or heat suppressant barriers or coatings.7. Workmanship and Appearance7.1 The slab offered as saleable material shall be free offoreign materials and defects that will adversely affect itsperformance in service as agreed upon by t
26、he supplier andcustomer.8. Sampling8.1 SamplingThe insulation shall be sampled in accor-dance with requirements of Practice C 390. Otherwise, specificprovisions for sampling shall be as agreed upon between theuser and the supplier.8.2 SpecimenFor polyimide foam insulation, specimensof dimensions 12
27、by 12 by 1 in. (300 by 300 by 25 mm) aresufficient for purposes of acceptance inspection of samples.9. Qualification Requirements9.1 Due to the highly varied applications in which theproducts are used, qualification requirements shall be as agreedupon between the user and the supplier. The following
28、 prop-erties are generally employed for initial material or productqualification:9.1.1 Upper Temperature Limit,9.1.2 Apparent Thermal Conductivity at 75F (24C),9.1.3 Tensile Strength,9.1.4 Water and Gas Permeability (Type I), and9.1.5 Percent Closed Cell.10. Inspection10.1 The requirements shall be
29、as agreed upon between theuser and the supplier. The following requirements are generallyemployed for acceptance sampling of lots or shipments ofqualified polyimide foam insulation:10.1.1 Density,10.1.2 Apparent Thermal Conductivity at 75F (24C), and10.1.3 Percent Closed Cell.10.2 As agreed to by th
30、e purchaser and the manufacturer,the inspection of the material shall be made at either the pointof shipment or point of delivery.11. Test Methods11.1 Sample Preparation:11.1.1 In cases where the material is cut into pipe insulationand other shapes without further treatment, slab foam testresults ar
31、e generally representative. If other processes are usedfor specific applications, it is recommended that qualificationtesting be conducted using slab specimens, and that physicalinspection testing be conducted on the processed material.11.1.2 Tests for physical and mechanical properties shall becarr
32、ied out at a temperature of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and at3Federal Aviation Regulations Part 25 (Airworthiness Standards, TransportCategoryAircraft, and Section 25.853. Procedure in appendix F, Part I (a) (1) (i) and(ii).Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeP.O. B
33、ox 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954.4Available from Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, Material Division, P.O.Box 3707, Seattle, WA 98124-2207.C1594072a relative humidity of 50 6 5 %. Thermal and flammabilitytests shall be carried out at conditions specified in the appli-cable test methods.11.2 Dens
34、ityTest Method D 3574, Test A.11.3 Apparent Thermal ConductivityTest Methods C 177,C 1114,orC 518 in conjunction with Practice C 1045. TestMethod C 518 shall not be used at temperatures or resistancesother than those in the range of the calibration. Test tempera-tures shall be chosen in accordance w
35、ith Table 3 of PracticeC 1058. Use the large temperature difference recommended inTable 3 of Practice C 1058 for temperatures between 25 and110F (4 and 43C); for mean temperatures under 25F(4C) and over 110F (43C) use the smaller temperaturedifference. For pipe insulations use Test Method C 335.11.4
36、 Upper Temperature LimitTest Method C411 andPractice C 447 shall be used at the maximum use temperatureof the insulation and at maximum design thickness. No specialrequirements for heat-up shall be specified by the manufac-turer. The foam shall not flame, glow, smolder, smoke, soften,collapse, melt
37、or drip during hot surface exposure.11.5 High Temperature StabilityTest Method D 2126 in-corporating Test Method D 638. Use Test Method D 2126, witha modified test temperature of 572F (300C) as shown inTables 1 and 2. Test before and after aging using Test MethodD 638, Type III specimens.11.6 Compre
38、ssive StrengthTest Method D 1621.11.7 Compressive Force DeflectionTest Methods D 3574,Test C.11.8 Percent Closed CellsTest Method D 6226 incorpo-rating Appendix X1, Correcting for Cells Opened DuringSpecimen Preparation. The test specimen shall be a cubehaving a nominal dimension of 0.984 by 0.984 b
39、y 0.984 in.(2.50 by 2.50 by 2.50 mm). Unless otherwise agreed upon, atleast five specimens, selected at random, shall be tested. Eachcube will be dissected along planes parallel to the sides of eachcube.11.9 Water Vapor TransmissionTest Method E 96/E 96M.11.10 Steam AgingTest Method D 3574, Procedur
40、e J1 andTest E.11.11 CorrosivenessTest Method in Specification C 665.11.12 Chemical ResistanceTest Method D 543, PracticeA, Procedure I at room temperature with reagents 6.3.8, 6.3.40,6.3.46, 6.3.50, aviation turbine fuel grade JP-5 and ethyleneglycol antifreeze from Table 1, and SKYDROLhydraulic fl
41、uid.Final weight and dimensions are to be determined 24 h afterremoval from immersion.11.13 Vertical BurnTest Method FAR 25.853, AppendixF, Part 1, (a) (1) (i).11.14 Specific Optical Smoke DensityTest Method E 662.11.15 Toxic Gas GenerationBoeing BSS 7239.11.16 Surface Burning CharacteristicsTest Me
42、thod E84and for material used in pipe and duct applications use PracticeE 2231.11.1714 Scale Room Burn TestSee Annex A1.11.18 Oxygen IndexTest Method D 2863.12. Certification12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, thepurchaser shall be furnished certification that samples repre-sentin
43、g each lot have been either tested or inspected as directedin this specification and the requirements have been met. Whenspecified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the testresults shall be furnished. For the purpose of this specification,a lot consists of all material of the same type
44、manufactured inone unchanged production run and offered for delivery at thesame time.13. Packaging and Package Marking13.1 PackagingUnless otherwise specified, the insulationshall be supplied in the manufacturers standard commercialpackaging.13.2 MarkingUnless otherwise specified, each containershal
45、l be plainly marked with the manufacturers name, theproduct name, trademark, and the manufacturers address, withdimensions or volumes, or both, expressed in units agreed uponby the supplier and customer.14. Keywords14.1 cellular insulation; closed cell; pipe insulation; poly-imide; ship insulation;
46、thermal insulation; thermal protectionsystemsC1594073TABLE 1 Polyimide Foam Classification (inch pound)PropertyType IGrade 1Type IGrade 2Type IGrade 3Type IIGrade 1Class 1Type IIGrade 2Class 1Type IIGrade 3Class 1Type IIGrade 1Class 2Type IIGrade 2Class 2Type IIGrade 3Class 2Type IIIGrade 4Density,
47、lb/ft3(max) 8.0 6.0 3.0 8.0 6.0 3.0 8.0 6.0 3.0 1.5Thermal Conductivity,Btu-in./h-ft2-F (max)-238F *0.48*-150F 36-50F *0.9*24F 0.230 0.220 0.210 * * 0.18065F 0.248 0.238 0.220 * * 0.228 *75F 0.250 0.240 0.240 0.260 0.250 0.246 0.234 0.250 0.225 0.240100F 0.260 0.250 0.250 * * 0.264 *150F 0.280 0.270
48、 0.270 * * 0.324200F 0.305 0.295 0.300 * * 0.396 *300F *0.516572F 87NANANA*Upper Temperature Limit test temperature for C 411, F 600 600 600 600 600 600 400 400 400 600High Temperature Stability%ofinitial tensile strength retainedafter 1000 hours in air oven at 572F, (min.)*95*Tensile Strength PSI (
49、min.) 244 134 41 180 80 14 180 80 14 41Compressive Strength PSI 10% def. (min.) 95 65 28 *Compressive Force Deflection PSI 20% def. (min.) * * * 18 6 2 18 6 2 26Steam AgingChange in tensile Strength % (max.)Dimensional and weight changes % (max.)2510251025102510251025102510251025102510Water Vapor Permeability Perm in. (max.) 0.5 0.5 3.5 2.5 5.0 8.0 2.0 2.5 5.0 2.9Oxygen Index % (min.) 46 45 43 52 50 48 30 30 30 47Surface Burning Characteristics, 2 in. thicknessF
