1、Designation: C1617 18C1617 18aStandard Practice forQuantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation ofExtraction Solutions Containing Ions Leached from ThermalInsulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Metals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1617; the number immediately following the desig
2、nation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures
3、 for a quantitative accelerated laboratory evaluation of the influence of extraction solutionscontaining ions leached from thermal insulation on the aqueous corrosion of metals. The primary intent of the practice is for usewith thermal insulation and associated materials that contribute to, or alter
4、natively inhibit, the aqueous corrosion of different typesand grades of metals due to soluble ions that are leached by water from within the insulation. The quantitative evaluation criteriaare Mass Loss Corrosion Rate (MLCR) expressed in mils per year determined from the weight loss due to corrosion
5、 of exposedmetal coupons after they are cleaned.1.2 The insulation extraction solutions prepared for use in the test can be altered by the addition of corrosive ions to the solutionsto simulate contamination from an external source. Ions expected to provide corrosion inhibition can be added to inves
6、tigate theirinhibitory effect.1.3 Prepared laboratory standardionic solutions are used as reference solutions and controls, to provide a means of calibrationand comparison. See Fig. 1 and Table 1.1.4 Other liquids can be tested for their potential corrosiveness including cooling tower water, boiler
7、feed, and chemical stocks.Added chemical inhibitors or protective coatings applied to the metal can also be evaluated using the general guidelines of thepractice.1.5 This practice cannot cover all possible field conditions that contribute to aqueous corrosion. The intent is to provide anaccelerated
8、means to obtain a non-subjective numeric value for judging the potential contribution to the corrosion of metals thatcan come from ions contained in thermal insulation materials or other experimental solutions. The calculated numeric value is themass loss corrosion rate. This calculation is based on
9、 general corrosion spread equally over the test duration and the exposed areaof the experimental cells created for the test. Corrosion found in field situations and this accelerated test also involves pitting andedge effects and the rate changes over time.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units ar
10、e to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibi
11、lityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestabli
12、shed in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zin
13、c-Coated, Welded and Seamless1 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and PhysicalProperties.Current edition approved May 15, 2018Sept. 1, 2018. Published July 2018October 2018. Originally
14、 approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20152018 asC1617 15.C1617 18. DOI: 10.1520/C1617-18.10.1520/C1617-18A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, ref
15、er to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all ch
16、anges accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
17、United States1A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping ApplicationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insul
18、ation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured HousingC692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Tendency ofAustenitic Stainless SteelC739 Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal InsulationC795 Specification for Therm
19、al Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless SteelC871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, andSodium IonsD609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings,
20、 and Related CoatingProductsG1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test SpecimensG16 Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion DataG31 Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of MetalsG46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting CorrosionNOTE 1The
21、Fig. 1 bar graph was created using the MLCR data shown in Table 1. Standard reference Reference tests using de-ionized water, 1 ppm,5 ppm, and 10 ppm chloride solutions were performed on mild carbon steel coupons. The calculated MLCR test results for mild carbon steel couponswere separated into four
22、 ranges. The rating criteria ranges were developed to accommodate the results obtained using this practice on the referencestandardssolutions and experimental insulation samples.The ranges used are: MLCR = 0 to 15 mils = rangeA; MLCR = 15.1 to 35 mils = range B; MLCR= 35.1 to 60 mils = range C, MLCR
23、 = 60.1 and higher = range D. The bars on the graph represent the total number of occurrences within the range foreach of the reference solutions.NOTE 2It is necessary for each laboratory to develop their own data, with their own individual plate or plates, metal, operators, cleaning procedures,and
24、environmental conditions to establish the ranges of MLCR calculated for the reference standards.solutions. The insulation or other test solutions areonly evaluated against the reference solution results run at the same time.FIG. 1 Uncertainty TestC1617 18a23. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Refer to Ter
25、minology C168 for definitions relating to insulation.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The practice uses controlled amounts of test solutions delivered drip wise onto a defined area of small flat coupons ofselected test metals for the purpose of producing, comparing, and measuring the corrosion that occurs
26、on the metals due to theexposure.TABLE 1 Mass Loss Corrosion Rate (MLCR) Calculated UsingPractice G1 (see Section 12)NOTE 1MLCR expressed in mils per year.0-ppmDe-ionizedWater1-ppmChlorideSolution5-ppmChlorideSolution10-ppmChlorideSolution19.02 35.17 57.31 62.6111.68 29.87 40.91 56.4814.04 33.00 66.
27、76 110.5412.13 37.91 52.46 131.3512.45 29.80 16.53 52.2714.42 22.72 42.51 35.426.13 35.42 76.33 67.0113.27 31.78 111.82 57.4821.25 17.04 42.19 98.927.59 37.78 44.42 132.3512.83 32.55 53.61 61.526.70 36.12 54.25 36.4216.08 25.66 41.87 90.4419.02 14.93 54.50 95.4811.42 31.08 65.67 63.4414.81 34.21 70.
28、46 99.639.38 34.46 42.57 69.6318.38 36.06 63.44 107.288.62 27.38 50.10 58.848.49 24.19 48.63 65.1012.13 15.25 55.40 64.275.36 33.70 69.12 71.294.66 32.10 39.06 78.375.55 35.04 43.21 88.526.57 22.98 41.93 30.575.87 39.44 36.76 39.257.21 35.04 25.66 50.936.45 34.66 30.06 128.413.45 41.48 41.68 97.522.
29、30 41.55 29.61 98.0311.93 42.70 38.74 82.849.19 33.32 38.10 105.3113.15 28.98 33.00 96.5014.10 21.38 58.27 84.5012.25 16.08 39.31 59.5512.25 17.17 40.78 45.579.96 32.42 48.25 56.804.60 34.72 23.10 63.633.70 34.02 27.19 67.012.43 33.38 35.61 48.823.32 25.66 77.16 75.761.21 33.12 30.76 48.951.28 44.04
30、 42.575.87 37.46 42.637.15 23.36 41.613.96 28.15 61.2711.23 25.02 27.7610.02 36.83 49.2710.28 21.64 67.659.38 27.63 68.5412.25 18.51 42.449.38 40.1436.7654.1267.40Average and (Standard Deviation)9.5 (4.8) 30.5 (7.4) 48.0 (16.4) 74.6 (26.0)C1617 18a34.2 The test is conducted at elevated temperatures,
31、 greatly accelerating the corrosion in comparison with corrosion at roomtemperature. The heat makes the solution evaporate quickly, allowing an air (oxygen) interface and making thousands ofwet-dry-wet cycles possible in a short time.4.3 Quantitative measurements of corrosion are determined from the
32、 weight change (loss) due to the corrosion of the testedcoupons. Reference tests prepared with known concentrations of solutions that are conducive to the corrosion of the tested metalare compared with water solutions containing ions extracted from insulation samples. Calculations of MLCR in mils-pe
33、r-year(MPY) made using the methods of Practice G1 are reported as the quantitative measurement.5. Significance and Use5.1 Corrosion associated with insulation is an important concern for insulation manufacturers, specification writers, designers,contractors, users and operators of the equipment. Som
34、e material specifications contain test methods (or reference test methodscontained in other material specifications), for use in evaluating the insulation with regard to the corrosion of steel, copper, andaluminum. In some cases these tests are not applicable or effective and have not been evaluated
35、 for precision and bias.5.2 A properly selected, installed, and maintained insulation system will reduce the corrosion that often occurs on anun-insulated structure. However, when the protective weather-resistant covering of an insulation system fails, the conditions forthe aqueous environment neces
36、sary for corrosion under insulation (CUI) often develop. It is possible the insulation contains,collects, or concentrates corrosive agents, or a combination thereof, often found in industrial and coastal environments. If wateris not present, these electrolytes cannot migrate to the metal surface. Th
37、e electrochemical reaction resulting in the aqueouscorrosion of metal surfaces cannot take place in the absence of water and electrolytes. Additional environmental factorscontributing to increased corrosion rates are oxygen, and elevated-temperature (near boiling point).5.3 Chlorides and other corro
38、sive ions are common to many environments. The primary corrosion preventative is to protectinsulation and metal from contamination and moisture. Insulation covers, jackets, and metal coating of various kinds are often usedto prevent water infiltration and contact with the metal.5.4 This procedure ca
39、n be used to evaluate all types of thermal insulation and fireproofing materials (industrial, commercial,residential, cryogenic, fire-resistive, insulating cement) manufactured using inorganic or organic materials, faced or unfaced, forwhich a filtered extraction solution can be obtained.5.5 This pr
40、ocedure can be used with all metal types for which a coupon can be prepared such as mild steel, stainless steel,copper, or aluminum.5.6 This procedure can also be applicable to insulation accessories including jacketing, covers, adhesives, cements, and bindersassociated with insulation and insulatio
41、n products.5.7 Heat treatment of the insulation (as recommended by the manufacturer up to the maximum potential exposure temperature)can be used to simulate possible conditions of use.5.8 Adhesives can be tested by first drying followed by water extraction or by applying a known quantity of the test
42、 adhesiveto a test piece of insulation and then extracting.5.9 Insulating cements can be tested by casting a slab, drying, and extracting or by using the uncured insulating cement powderfor extraction.5.10 Reference tests prepared with various concentrations of solutions that are conducive to the co
43、rrosion of the tested metalserve as comparative standards.criteria. Solutions containing chloride, sodium hydroxide, various acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric,nitric, and citric acid), as well as “blank” tests using only de-ionized water and tap water are used.5.11 Research can be done on insulation tha
44、t has been specially formulated to inhibit corrosion in the presence of corrosive ionsthrough modifications in basic composition or incorporation of certain chemical additives. Corrosive ions can also be added to theinsulation extraction solutions to determine the effectiveness of any inhibitors pre
45、sent.5.12 Protective surface treatments and coatings of different types and thickness can be applied to the metal coupons andcompared using various corrosive liquids.5.13 Several sets of tests are recommended because of the number of factors that affect corrosion. An average of the tests andthe stan
46、dard deviation between the test results are used on the data. Much of the corrosion literature recommends a minimum ofthree specimens for every test. Consult Guide G16 for additional statistical methods to apply to the corrosion data.5.14 Results from this accelerated corrosion test shall not be con
47、sidered as an indicator of the useful life of the metal equipment.Many factors need consideration for applicability to specific circumstances. Refer to Practice G31 for additional information.6. Apparatus6.1 The test apparatus must be housed in a reasonably clean and non-dusty environment to avoid a
48、ny effects of contaminants.C1617 18a46.2 Heated Temperature Controlled Flat Hot Plate (see Appendix X1)A 1-ft (30.5-cm) square or circular plate that hasuniform temperature across the surface provides the heated environment. See Appendix X1 for construct design and sources ofassembled systems. Large
49、r plates for testing more coupons are not excluded.6.3 Peristaltic Pump (see Appendix X1)A multi-channel peristaltic pump with individual cassettes and silicone tubes isrecommended to supply 250 (625) mL/day to each specimen.6.4 Silicone Rubber Tubing (see Appendix X1), to deliver fluid to the test coupons.6.5 Miniature Barbed Fitting (see Appendix X1), for connections of tubing (116 by 116 in.)(0.16 by 0.16 cm).6.6 Band Saw.6.7 Balance, capable of 0.0001 (60.0002) g mass determination.6.8 Wet-Grinding Belt Grinder/Sander, with used 80-grit (a belt previously used to
