1、Designation: C 1618 05Standard Test Method forConcrete Sanitary Sewer Pipe by Negative (Vacuum) orPositive Air Pressure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing of precastconcrete pipe sections, prior to delivery, where ma
3、ximum fieldleakage rates are specified.1.2 Tests described in this standard are intended to be usedat the point of manufacture of the concrete pipe and are notintended for testing installed pipe (for field tests see PracticesC 924, C 969, and C 1214). The user of this specification isadvised that in
4、dividual or multiple pipe sections may be testedfor the purpose of testing the pipe barrel and additionally thejoints in straight alignment when multiple pipe sections aretested.1.3 The two leakage rates shown, which were used incalculating the test times, were chosen based on two generallyaccepted
5、field air and vacuum test criteria. Test times are basedon leakage rates and therefore are proportional only to the pipediameter and are constant for any length of test pipe orpipeline.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included
6、 in thisstandard.NOTE 1The availability of this test procedure for concrete pipe variesfrom location to location. Check with local supplier(s) for availability andrecommendations.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsi
7、bilityof the user of this standard to establish the appropriate safetyand health practices and to determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to its use. See Section 6 for specificsafety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe
8、 and RelatedPracticeC 924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines byLow-Pressure Air Test MethodC 969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration AcceptanceTesting of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer LinesC 1214 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines byNegative Air Pressure (Vacuu
9、m) Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms related to precastconcrete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The pipe to be tested shall be sealed at the outer endswith suitable airtight bulkheads. The manufacturer shall chooseto use either low-pressure a
10、ir or negative pressure air (vacuum)test methods to evaluate the condition of the pipe beforedelivery. The change in the internal pressure during a specifiedtime is used to determine the acceptability of the pipe.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is a quality control test performed at the manufac-turi
11、ng plant to establish that the finished, shippable pipe meetsthe leakage limits stated in the specifications.6. Safety Precautions6.1 The user of this specification is advised of the following:6.1.1 This test may be dangerous if a pipe is not preparedproperly and proper procedures are not followed.6
12、.1.2 No one should be allowed near the ends of the pipe ortest bulkheads during the test.7. Apparatus7.1 For positive air pressure test, one bulkhead shall includea remote controlled valve that will release the internal testpressure.7.2 For the low-pressure air test, tie rods or an external testfram
13、e that is designed to resist the force caused by internal airpressure shall be used to restrain the bulkheads. The low-pressure air test assembly shall be protected by a relief valve1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of
14、Subcommittee C13.09 on Methodsof Test.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docume
15、nt Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.set to release at a pressure no greater than 6 psi. The bulkheadsused for negative pressure air tests do not require externalrestraints.7.3 The pressu
16、re or vacuum pumps shall have adequatecapacity to obtain the required test pressure.7.4 The test pressure shall be measured with a gage ormanometer that is precise enough to measure the increments ofpressure change specified by this standard.7.5 The pressure measuring devices shall be located in asa
17、fe area where they can be observed without danger to testpersonnel.8. Preparation of the Pipe8.1 Allow the test pipe to cool to ambient air temperature.NOTE 2A wetted pipe is desirable and will produce more consistenttest results. Air may pass through the walls of dry pipe.8.2 The pipe joint shall b
18、e visually inspected for smooth-ness. The dimensions of the gasket-bearing surfaces shall beverified to be within tolerances that were established in thedesign criteria.8.3 Test bulkheads shall be installed on the outer ends of thepipe section(s).8.4 Longitudinal tie rods or an external test frame s
19、hall beused to secure bulkheads used for low-pressure air tests.Review safety precautions found in Section 6.9. Procedure for Negative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test.9.1 Negative air pressure tests are intended for use on pipe96 in. in diameter and smaller.9.2 A vacuum pump shall be used to increase the
20、 negativepressure of the bulkheaded pipe until the manometer readsapproximately 8 in. of mercury. Close off the vacuum source.9.3 When the negative pressure and temperature have sta-bilized and the negative pressure is less than the starting testpressure of 7 in. of mercury, begin the test by allowi
21、ng thenegative pressure to increase to 7 in. of mercury. At that point,the recording of test time shall be initiated. If the change inpressure is no greater than 0.1083 in. of mercury in the testtime specified in Table 1, the pipe is acceptable.NOTE 3The manufacturer is not prohibited from increasin
22、g the testpressure above the required 7 in. of mercury and reducing the test timesfound in Table 1 proportional to the increase in test pressure. Theallowable change in pressure of 0.1083 in. of mercury must be maintained.10. Procedure for Positive Air Pressure Test10.1 Positive pressure air tests a
23、re intended to be used onpipe 24 in. in diameter and smaller.10.2 A pressure pump shall be used to increase the internalair pressure of the bulkheaded pipe until the pressure gagereads approximately 4 psi. Close off the air pressure source.10.3 When the pressure and temperature have stabilized andth
24、e pressure is above the starting test pressure of 3.5 psi, beginthe test by allowing the pressure to drop to 3.5 psi. At thatpoint, the recording of the test time shall be initiated. If thedrop in pressure is no greater than 0.0532 psi in the test timespecified in Table 2, the pipe is acceptable.11.
25、 Precision and Bias11.1 No justifiable statement is presently capable of beingmade either on the precision or bias of this procedure since thetest results merely state whether there is conformance tocriteria for the success specified. Due to sealing effects ofground water and internal flow on the pi
26、peline, the testconditions and results are not reproducible.12. Repairs12.1 This specification does not prohibit concrete pipesections that fail the air leakage test from being repaired andretested.TABLE 1 Test Times For Negative Pressure Air Test, SecondsNOTE 1A pressure increase of 0.1083 in. Hg w
27、as chosen because itcorresponds to a change in water column height of approximately ll2 in.(1.4725 in. exactly) and a change in manometer oil column height(specific gravity 2.945) ofl2 in. Test times shall be increased proportion-ally if larger changes in the height of the manometer column are requi
28、red.NOTE 2The two leakage rates shown, which were used in calculatingthe test times, were chosen based on two generally accepted field air andvacuum test criteria.NOTE 3Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore areproportional only to the pipe diameter and are constant for any length oftes
29、t pipe or pipeline.Pipe Size, in. 0.0017CFM/ft20.003 CFM/ft212 32 1815 41 2318 49 2821 57 3224 64 3627 73 4130 81 4633 90 5136 97 5542 114 6448 128 7254 146 8260 162 9266 180 10272 194 11078 209 11884 226 12890 243 13896 256 144TABLE 2 Test Times for Positive Air Pressure Test, SecondsNOTE 1A pressu
30、re decrease of 0.0532 psi was chosen because itcorresponds to a change in water column height of approximately 1l2 in.(1.4725 in. exactly) and a change in manometer oil column height(specific gravity 2.945) ofl2 in. Test times shall be increased proportion-ally if larger changes in the height of the
31、 manometer column are required.NOTE 2The two leakage rates shown, which were used in calculatingthe test times, were chosen based on two generally accepted field air andvacuum test criteria.NOTE 3Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore areproportional only to the pipe diameter and are co
32、nstant for any length oftest pipe or pipeline.Pipe Size, in. 0.0017CFM/ft20.003 CFM/ft212 32 1815 41 2318 49 2821 57 3224 64 36C1618052ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this stand
33、ard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andi
34、f not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, wh
35、ich you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C1618053
