1、Designation: C1622/C1622M 10Standard Specification forCold-Weather Admixture Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1622/C1622M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers cold-weather admixture sys-tems to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete when thetemperature of the concrete im
3、mediately after placement willbe as low as -5.0 C 23.0 F prior to the time of initial set.1.2 This specification stipulates tests of the cold-weatheradmixture system with suitable materials as described in11.1-11.3 or with materials proposed for specific work (See11.5). Unless otherwise requested by
4、 the purchaser, tests shallbe made using suitable concreting materials as described in11.1-11.3.NOTE 1Whenever practicable, tests should be made using the con-creting materials, the mixture proportions, and batching sequence pro-posed for the specific work (See 11.5) because the time of setting,comp
5、ressive strength gain, and other properties may vary.1.3 This specification provides three levels of testing.1.3.1 Level 1During the initial approval stage, proof ofcompliance with the performance requirements defined inTable 1 demonstrates that the cold-weather admixture systemmeets the requirement
6、s of this specification. Uniformity andequivalence tests (See Section 6) shall be carried out to provideresults against which later comparisons can be made.1.3.2 Level 2Limited retesting is described in 5.2, 5.2.1,and 5.2.2. Proof of compliance with the requirements of Table1 demonstrates conformity
7、 of the admixture system with therequirements of this specification.1.3.3 Level 3For acceptance of a lot or for measuringuniformity within or between lots, when specified by thepurchaser, uniformity and equivalence tests (See Section 6)shall be used.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-p
8、ound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-confor
9、mancewith the standard.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes,which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the testm
10、ethods portion, Sections 11-18, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regu
11、latory limita-tions prior to use. WARNINGFresh hydraulic cementitiousmixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged exposure.22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-li
12、ndrical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cemen
13、tConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC231 Test Me
14、thod for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-crete1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemica
15、l Admixtures.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1622/C1622M09.DOI: 10.1520/C1622_C1622M-10.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregates and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol.
16、 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of t
17、his standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC666/C666M Test Method fo
18、r Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1231/C1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps inDetermination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Con-crete CylindersD1193 Specification for Reagent Water2.2 Americ
19、an Concrete Institute Standard:4ACI 211.1 Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal,Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 co
20、ld-weather admixture system, nan admixture orgroup of admixtures that depresses the freezing point of mixingwater and increases the hydration rate of cement in concrete.3.2.2 control concrete mixture, na concrete mixture with-out the cold-weather admixture system.3.2.3 dummy concrete specimen, naddi
21、tional concretespecimen instrumented with a temperature sensing device toestimate the temperature of test concrete specimens.3.2.4 replicate concrete specimen, nadditional time-of-setting specimen exposed to the same temperature regimen asthe test concrete specimen.3.2.5 test concrete mixture, na co
22、ncrete mixture with thecold weather admixture system.4. Apparatus4.1 Low Temperature EnvironmentA chamber of suffi-cient size to subject the test specimens to the specified lowtemperature and that allows access for laboratory personnel toconduct appropriate tests. The chamber or chambers shall becap
23、able of cooling numerous specimens from their initialtemperature to -5.0 6 1 C 23.0 6 2.0 F within the specifiedelapsed time and maintain them at that temperature for thespecified time period.4.2 Temperature Measuring EquipmentThe temperaturemeasuring equipment shall be capable of measuring andrecor
24、ding the temperature at the center of the dummy speci-mens to 6 1.0 C 6 2.0 F at least every12 h for 7 days.4.3 ToolsMolds and tools for preparing test specimens asdescribed in Practice C192/C192M. Molds shall have lids toprovide for sealed conditions.5. General Requirements5.1 For initial complianc
25、e with this specification, the con-crete shall be tested with the cold-weather admixture systemfor conformance with the requirements in Table 1.5.2 The purchaser is permitted to require limited retesting toconfirm current compliance of the admixture system to speci-fication requirements. The limited
26、 retesting includes measure-ments of physical and performance properties of the admixturesystem as described in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.5.2.1 The physical properties retesting consists of unifor-mity and equivalence tests of the admixture system for infraredabsorption spectrum and relative density.5.2.2 The
27、 performance properties retesting consists of timeof initial setting and compressive strength of concrete at 7 and28 days. Purchasers having special requirements are permittedto require additional tests.5.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing that the admixture sy
28、stem supplied for use inthe work is equivalent in all essential respects, includingconcentration, to the admixture system tested under thisspecification.5.4 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing the chloride content of the admixture system.5.5 Tests for uniformity a
29、nd equivalence, as indicated inSection 6, shall be made on the initial sample and the resultsretained for reference and comparison with the results ofsamples taken elsewhere within the lot or subsequent lots ofadmixture supplied to the work.6. Uniformity and Equivalence Tests6.1 When specified by th
30、e purchaser, the uniformity of a lot,or equivalence of multiple lots from the same source shall beestablished by the following requirements:4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.TABLE 1 Performance Requirementsfor Cold
31、-Weather AdmixtureATime of Initial Setting,maximum % of controlB200Compressive Strength.minimum % of controlC7 daysD4028 days 8090 days 90Length Change, Maximum Shrinkage(alternative requirements)EPercent of ControlB135Increase over control, percentage points 0.010Relative Durability Factor,Minimum
32、% of controlF80AThe values in the table include allowance for normal variation in test resultsBAs an example, in the case of initial time of setting, if the control mixture has aset time of 4.0 hrs, the test specimens can have a set time up to 8.0 hrs. For lengthchange, if the control specimen shrin
33、ks X units, the test specimen is allowed toshrink up to 1.35X.CThe compressive strength of the concrete containing the cold-weather admix-ture shall not be less than 90 % of that attained at the previous test age. Theobjective of this limit is to require that the compressive strength of the cold-wea
34、theradmixture concrete shall not decrease with age.DBecause the test specimens will be cool and damp for the 7d compressive test,it will be necessary to use unbonded caps as described in Practice C1231/C1231M.EAlternative requirements, see 17.1.2: Percent of control applies when shrink-age of contro
35、l concrete is 0.030 % or greater; the increase over control limit applieswhen shrinkage of control concrete is 0.030 % or less.FThis requirement is applicable only when the cold-weather admixture is to beused in air-entrained concrete that may be exposed to freezing and thawing whilewet.C1622/C1622M
36、 1026.1.1 Infrared AnalysisThe absorption spectra of the ini-tial sample and the test sample, obtained as specified in Section18, shall exhibit the same pattern of absorption bands in termsof frequency and intensity.6.1.2 Relative Density (Liquid Admixture)When tested asspecified in Section 18, the
37、relative density (specific gravity) ofsubsequent test samples shall not differ from the relativedensity of the initial sample by more than 10 % of thedifference between the relative density of the initial sample andreagent water at the same temperature. Reagent water conform-ing to Specification D11
38、93, Type III or IV, and prepared bydistillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or a combination ofthese procedures, is acceptable (See Note 2).6.2 When the nature of the admixture system or analyticalcapability of the purchaser make these procedures unsuitable,other requirements for uniformity and
39、equivalence from lot tolot or within a lot shall be established by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the manufacturer.NOTE 2Oven drying methods are not appropriate for measuring theoven-dried residue content for cold-weather admixture system becausewater, present in the form of bound water of hydra
40、tion, is released slowlyupon drying, and can often lead to highly variable results. Relative densityis an acceptable indication of lot-to-lot uniformity.7. Packaging and Marking7.1 When the cold-weather admixture system is delivered inpackages or containers, the proprietary name of the individualadm
41、ixtures in the system, the designation of this specification,and the net mass or volume shall be plainly marked thereon.Similar information shall be provided in the shipping informa-tion accompanying packages or bulk shipments of admixture.8. Storage8.1 Store the cold-weather admixture system to per
42、mit easyaccess for proper inspection and identification of each ship-ment, and in a suitable building that will protect the admixturefrom moisture absorption if it is a dry admixture or fromfreezing if it is a liquid admixture.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 Every facility shall be provided to the purcha
43、ser forsampling and inspection, either at the point of manufacture orat the site of the work, as specified by the purchaser.9.2 Samples shall be either “grab” or “composite” samplesas specified by this specification.Agrab sample is one obtainedin a single operation. A composite sample is one obtaine
44、d bycombining three or more grab samples.9.3 For the purpose of this specification, it is recognized thatsamples will be taken for two reasons:9.3.1 Compliance TestsA sample taken for evaluatingcompliance of a source or lot of cold-weather admixturesystem shall meet the applicable requirements of th
45、is specifi-cation. Samples used to determine conformance with thisspecification shall be composites of grab samples taken fromdifferent locations so that the composite sample will berepresentative of the lot.9.3.2 Uniformity and Equivalence TestsWhen specifiedby the purchaser, a sample taken for eva
46、luating the uniformityof a single lot or equivalence of multiple lots from one sourceshall be tested as provided in Section 6. When uniformity of asingle lot is being determined, grab samples shall be used.When uniformity of multiple lots from the same source is beingdetermined, composite samples fr
47、om individual lots shall beused.9.4 Liquid AdmixturesLiquid admixtures shall be agitatedimmediately prior to sampling. Grab samples taken for qualityor uniformity tests shall represent a unit shipment or a singleproduction lot. Each grab sample shall be at least 1 L 1 qt. Atleast three grab samples
48、of equal portions shall be taken.Composite samples shall be prepared by mixing the grabsamples and the resultant mixture shall provide at least 3 L 3qt for compliance tests. Grab samples shall be taken fromdifferent locations distributed throughout the quantity to berepresented.9.4.1 Admixtures in b
49、ulk storage tanks shall be sampledequally from the upper, intermediate, and lower levels bymeans of drain cocks in the sides of the tanks or a weightedsampling bottle fitted with a stopper that can be removed afterthe bottle is lowered to the desired depth.9.4.2 Samples shall be stored in impermeable containersthat are resistant to attack by the admixture.9.5 Nonliquid AdmixturesGrab samples taken for compli-ance or uniformity tests shall be at least 1kg 2 lb.At least fourgrab samples of equal portions shall be taken from not morethan 2 Mg 2 t
