1、Designation: C 1676 08Standard Specification forMicroporous Thermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1676; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the composition, physicalproperties, and product forms of microporous thermal insula-tion for use on surfaces at temperatur
3、es from 80 C (176 F) upto 1150 C (2102 F), unless otherwise agreed upon by themanufacturer and purchaser.1.2 This specification only covers microporous thermalinsulation comprising compacted powder, fibers and opacifiers.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-p
4、ound equivalents of SI units, given inparentheses, are given for information only and are onlyapproximate.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety an
5、d health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Propertiesof Thermal InsulationsC 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Fl
6、ux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 201 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refracto-riesC 302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Pre-formed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal InsulationC 303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pr
7、e-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC 335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-ties of Pipe InsulationC 356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of PreformedHigh-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soak-ing HeatC 390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulati
8、on LotsC 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC 585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of RigidThermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing(NPS System)C 665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal In-sulation
9、for Light Frame Construction and ManufacturedHousingC 795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-tact with Austenitic Stainless SteelC 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal TransmissionProperties Under Steady-State ConditionsC 1104/C 1104M Test Method for Determining the WaterVapor Sorp
10、tion of Unfaced Mineral Fiber InsulationE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions used in this specification,see Terminology C 168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 flexible microporous insulation, ninsul
11、ation that iscapable of conforming to a non planar surface being insulatedwithout damage over a specified temperature range.3.4 rigid microporous insulation , ninsulation that will bedamaged when forced to conform to a non-planar surface beinginsulated.4. Classification4.1 Microporous thermal insula
12、tion covered by this specifi-cation shall be classified into three types as shown in Table 1.Type classification is based on the physical form in which theinsulation is manufactured.4.2 Microporous thermal insulation covered by this specifi-cation shall be classified into four grades as shown in Tab
13、le 2.Grade classification is based on the maximum recommendeduse temperature of the insulation.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.20 onHomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.Current edition
14、approved April 15, 2008. Published May 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM I
15、nternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 Grade 2B microporous insulation is hydrophobic andhas been chemically treated to make the material water-repellant.4.3.1 Grade 2B, hydrophobic insulation, will retain its waterrepellency up to 250 C
16、 (482 F). At higher temperatures, thetreatment will degrade at a rate which depends on the tempera-ture applied. The user shall contact the manufacturer forspecific information on the lifetime of the treatment at highertemperatures than 250 C (482 F).4.3.2 Grade 2B, hydrophobic insulation, which has
17、 beenheated to the point where the hydrophobic treatment is de-stroyed, performs as Grade 2 insulation with a use temperatureof 1000 C (1832 F).5. Ordering Information5.1 The type, grade and dimensions shall be specified by thepurchaser.5.2 The purchaser shall specify inspection of the material,wher
18、e required.5.3 When a certification, test report, or both, are required, itshall be specified by the purchaser.5.4 The purchaser and supplier shall agree whether theinsulation shall be supplied plain or with facings to facilitateease of handling, to minimize dust generation, or to resist theingress
19、of water. If faced, the purchaser and supplier shall agreeon the type and requirements. (WarningThe purchaser isadvised that the maximum use temperature of facings, adhe-sives, and thread is usually lower than the maximum usetemperature of the insulation. The purchaser and supplier shallagree whethe
20、r the facings need to maintain their integrity onheating or whether they are sacrificial).6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 CompositionMicroporous insulation shall be com-prised of compacted inorganic metal oxide powders of surfacearea greater than 90 m2/g (3,052 sq yd/oz), powdered inorganicinfra-red
21、 opacifiers and man-made or natural fibers or fila-ments. Asbestos shall not be used as an ingredient or compo-nent of the product.6.2 Typical facings are as follows:6.2.1 Glass cloth, wrapped around or adhered to the surfaceof the microporous insulation with an alkali silicate basedadhesive;6.2.2 F
22、or other facings, if available, contact the manufac-turer.7. Physical Properties7.1 The microporous insulation shall conform to the physi-cal requirements described in Tables 3-5, other than formaximum density which is provided for information only.Consult the manufacturer for specific design recomm
23、endationsfor all material types, grades, and classes.7.2 The user is advised that some applications requireknowledge of the thermal conductivity of the insulation mate-rial at mean temperatures above those shown. Consult themanufacturer for data at mean temperatures exceeding thoselisted.7.3 The phy
24、sical requirements are based on the properties ofsamples dried and conditioned, or both, as specified in thereferenced test methods. Microporous insulation, other thangrade 2 hydrophobic, tends to absorb moisture to varyingdegrees depending on exposure conditions. It can absorb up toTABLE 1 Types of
25、 Microporous InsulationType DefinitionType I Boards Boards are rigid pieces of microporous insulation of rectangularshape and cross-section in which the thickness is uniform andsubstantially smaller than the other dimensions. The density ofboards is in the range 200 to 450 kg/m3(12.5 to 28.1 lb/ft3)
26、. Theyare supplied either unfaced or faced. Facing materials often havemaximum service temperatures lower than that of the insulation anddegrade without affecting the insulation properties in service.Type II Quilted Panels Quilted panels are flexible panels completely encased in wovenglass cloth and
27、 stitched completely through parallel or crosswise indistances from 25 to 100 mm (1 to 4 in.) in order to give flexibility inone or two dimensions. Thread types used include glass, aramid, orstainless steel. The density of quilted panels is in the range 190 to300 kg/m3(11.9 to 18.7 lb/ft3). The glas
28、s cloth is provided forhandling purposes only and embrittles or melts at temperaturesbelow the maximum usage temperature of the insulation withoutaffecting the insulation properties in service.Type III Molded Pipe Sections Molded Pipe sections are half-shells or segments of microporousinsulation fac
29、ed with woven glass cloth and high-temperatureadhesive for the insulation of cylindrical objects such as pipes. Thedensity of pipe sections is in the range 300 to 400 kg/m3(18.7 to25.0 lb/ft3). The glass cloth is provided for handling purposes onlyand embrittles or melts at temperatures below the ma
30、ximum usagetemperature of the insulation without affecting the insulationproperties in service.TABLE 2 Grades of Microporous InsulationGrade Grade Temperature of use, C (F), max1 900 (1652)2A 1000 (1832)2BA250 (482)3 1150 (2102)ASee 4.3 for a definition of the difference between Grades 2A and 2B.C16
31、760824 times its dry weight if placed in direct contact with waterthrough improper storage or application. Proper packaging andstorage is required as defined in 15.1.8. Dimensions and Tolerances8.1 Type I boards are supplied in standard lengths up to1000 6 3mm(406 0.12 in), widths up to 550 6 3mm(22
32、6 0.12 in), and thicknesses from 10 6 0.5 mm (0.4 6 0.02 in)to 70 6 0.8 mm (2.8 6 0.02 in). Refer to the manufacturer forspecific dimensional requirements.8.2 Type II quilted panels are supplied in standard lengths of1200 6 3mm(486 0.12 in), widths of 600 6 3mm(3660.12 in), and thicknesses from 3 6
33、0.5 mm (0.25 6 0.02 in) upto 12.5 6 0.8 mm (0.5 6 0.03 in). Refer to the manufacturerfor specific dimensional requirements.8.3 Type III molded pipe sections are supplied as either halfshells or segments. Type III molded pipe sections are availablefor nominal pipe sizes per the C 585. Contact the man
34、ufacturerfor thickness availability and specific tolerances.9. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance9.1 The microporous insulation shall indicate good work-manship in fabrication by a uniform appearance. The insulationshall not have visible defects such as tears, holes, crushed areasor major cracks and
35、 shall be free from foreign materials.10. Qualification Requirements10.1 Unless otherwise specified, the following require-ments shall be employed for the purpose of initial material orproduct qualification:10.1.1 Apparent thermal conductivity,10.1.2 Linear shrinkage at maximum temperature of use,10
36、.1.3 Water vapor sorption,10.1.4 Corrosiveness, andTABLE 3 Type I BoardsProperties Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 2 hydrophobic Grade 3Maximum usage temperature C (F)A900 (1652) 1000 (1832) 1000 (1832) 1150 (2102)Apparent thermal conductivity W/m-K (Btu-in./hft2F), maxAt mean temperature C (F)100 (212)200 (3
37、92)300 (572)400 (752)500 (932)600 (1112)800 (1472)0.027 (0.187)0.029 (0.201)0.031 (0.215)0.034 (0.236)0.038 (0.263)0.042 (0.294)0.054 (0.371)0.027 (0.187)0.029 (0.201)0.031 (0.215)0.034 (0.236)0.038 (0.263)0.042 (0.294)0.054 (0.371)0.027 (0.187)0.029 (0.201)0.031 (0.215)0.034 (0.236)0.038 (0.263)0.0
38、42 (0.294)0.054 (0.371)0.033 (0.229)0.035 (0.236)0.037 (0.257)0.040 (0.270)0.044 (0.284)0.047 (0.326)0.053 (0.367)Linear shrinkage, %, in the length and width dimensions atmaximum usage temperature, max222 2Linear shrinkage, %, in the thickness dimension at maximum usagetemperature, max10 10 10 10Wa
39、ter vapor sorption, max, % by weight 10 10 5 10Compressive strength, min at 10% deformation kPa, (psi) 140 (20.3) 140 (20.3) 100 (14.5) 100 (14.5)Surface Burning Characteristics:Flame spread index, maxSmoke developed index, max010010010010Corrosiveness Passed Passed Passed PassedASee Warning stateme
40、nt in 5.4.TABLE 4 Type II Quilted PanelsProperties Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 2 hydrophobicMaximum usage temperature C (F)A900 (1652) 1000 (1832) 1000 (1832)Apparent thermal conductivity W/m-K (Btu-in./hft2F), maxAt mean temperature C (F)100 (212)200 (392)300 (572)400 (752)500 (932)600 (1112)800 (1472)0.
41、031 (0.215)0.035 (0.242)0.039 (0.250)0.044 (0.306)0.050 (0.345)0.056 (0.387)0.070 (0.482)0.031 (0.215)0.035 (0.242)0.039 (0.250)0.044 (0.306)0.050 (0.345)0.056 (0.387)0.070 (0.482)0.031 (0.215)0.035 (0.242)0.039 (0.250)0.044 (0.306)0.050 (0.345)0.056 (0.387)0.070 (0.482)Linear shrinkage, %, in the l
42、ength and width dimensions atmaximum usage temperature, max222Linear shrinkage, %, in the thickness dimension at maximum usagetemperature, max10 10 10Water vapor sorption, max, % by weight 10 10 5Compressive strength, min at 10% deformation kPa, (psi) 50 (7.3) 50 (7.3) 25 (3.6)Surface Burning Charac
43、teristics:Flame spread index, maxSmoke developed index, max010010010Corrosiveness Passed Passed PassedASee Warning statement in 5.4.C167608310.1.5 Minimum compressive strength.11. Sampling11.1 Unless otherwise specified, sampling for qualificationand inspection tests, if required, shall be in accord
44、ance withPractice C 390.12. Test Methods12.1 The properties enumerated in this standard shall bedetermined in accordance with the following test methods:12.2 Compressive StrengthTest Method C 16512.3 Density and Dimensions:12.3.1 Types I and II Test Method C 303.12.3.2 Type IIITest Method C 302.12.4
45、 Linear ShrinkageAll grades of microporous insula-tion shall be tested according to Test Method C 356, using themaximum usage temperature of the grade of insulation as thetemperature of soaking heat for 24 h. Test samples shall not befaced or coated.12.5 Apparent Thermal Conductivity:12.5.1 GeneralA
46、pparent thermal conductivity versusmean temperature shall be calculated in accordance withPractice C 1045. Determinations shall be made at four or moremean temperatures. So far as is possible within the limitationsof the apparatus, the mean temperatures chosen shall beequally spaced throughout the r
47、ange of temperatures and shallcover the full temperature usage range of the insulation.12.5.2 Types I and II shall be tested in accordance with TestMethod C 177 guarded hot plate methods, C 518 heat flowmeter, or Test Methods C 201 test method for refractories.NOTE 1Some products, such as Type II Qu
48、ilted, are defined by thepresence of a facing or stitching. These products will be tested with thefacing and stitching in place.12.5.3 Type III shall be tested in accordance with TestMethod C 335 horizontal pipe method, using 25 6 3mm(160.12 in.) thick specimens pipe insulation as supplied to fit a8
49、8.9-mm diameter pipe (standard nominal 80-mm (3-in.) pipesize). Where test data cannot be obtained at temperatures abovethe limitation of the Test Method C 335 equipment, TestMethods C 201 or Test Method C 177 shall be used on a flatsample of equivalent grade and density.12.6 Surface Burning CharacteristicsTest Method E84.12.7 Stress Corrosion PerformanceCompliance withSpecification C 795 is necessary only when requested to assesscorrosivity when the insulation is applied to austenitic stainlesssteel pipe.12.8 Water Vapor Sorption Test M
