1、Designation: C1697 10Standard Specification forBlended Supplementary Cementitious Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1697; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers blended supplementary ce-mentitious materials that result from the blending or intergrind-ing of two or three AS
3、TM compliant supplementary cementi-tious materials, for use in concrete or mortar where hydraulicor pozzolanic action, or both, is desired. The supplementarycementitious materials include slag cement conforming toSpecification C989, natural pozzolans and coal fly ash con-forming to Specification C61
4、8 and silica fume conforming toSpecification C1240.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.NOTE 1The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials asseparate additions or as a manufactured blend may significa
5、ntly alter theproperties of fresh and hardened concrete. The user should be aware ofthese changes and is referred to the ACI Manual of Concrete Practice2forinformation and guidelines. Specific reference is made to:ACI 232.1R Use of Natural Pozzolans in ConcreteACI 232.2R Use of Fly Ash in ConcreteAC
6、I 233R Slag Cement in Concrete and MortarACI 234R Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pra
7、ctices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC151 Test Method for
8、 Autoclave Expansion of HydraulicCementC183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementC311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash orNatural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement ConcreteC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in C
9、oncreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand MortarsC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixtures3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of other terms used in this specifica-tion, refer to Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This
10、Standard:3.3 slag cement, ngranulated blast furnace slag that isground to cement fineness with or without additions and meetsSpecification C989.3.4 supplementary cementitious material, na slag cementor pozzolan that contributes to the properties of concrete ormortar through hydraulic or pozzolanic a
11、ctivity, or both.3.5 silica fume, nas defined in Specification C1240.4. Classification4.1 This specification applies to a hydraulic or pozzolanicmaterial composed of a blend of multiple supplementarycementitious materials as defined in Table 1. The supplemen-tary cementitious materials of the blend
12、are identified inaccordance with the Type listed in the first column of Table 1.For the purpose of conformance to the requirements of thisspecification, the blend is classified according to the predomi-nant supplementary cementitious material. For blended supple-mentary cementitious matierals that h
13、ave no predominantconstituent, the manufacturer selects the blend type.4.2 The naming practice for reporting blended supplemen-tary cementitious materials is as follows:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibili
14、ty of SubcommitteeC09.24 on Supplementary Cementitious Materials.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published March 2010.2Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website
15、, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
16、SCMb2Axx/Byy/Czzwhere:SCMb = designation of the product as a blended supple-mentary cementitious material,A = targeted mass % of the predominant supplemen-tary cementitious material in the blended supple-mentary cementitious material expressed by massof the final blended supplementary cementitiousma
17、terial,xx = predominant supplementary cementitiousmaterialuse Type designation in accordancewith Table 1,B = targeted mass % of the secondary supplementarycementitious material in the blended supplemen-tary cementitious material expressed by mass ofthe final blended supplementary cementitious ma-ter
18、ial,yy = secondary supplementary cementitious materialuse Type designation in accordance with Table 1C = targeted mass % of the tertiary supplementarycementitious material in the blended supplemen-tary cementitious material expressed by mass ofthe final blended supplementary cementitious ma-terial.
19、This would be required only for ternarymixtures, andzz = tertiary supplementary cementitious materialuse Type designation in accordance with Table 1.NOTE 2Examples of the naming practice are as follows:A binary mixture of 65 % Class C fly ash and 35 % slag cement would be:SCMb265C/35SA ternary mixtu
20、re of 60 % Class F fly ash, 35 % slag cement and 5 %silica fume would be:SCMb260F/35S/5SF5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following:5.1.1 Specification number,5.1.2 The composition of the blend using the namingconvention in 4.2.5.1.3 Any option
21、al requirements as delineated in Table 2.NOTE 3In advance of ordering, it is important to check for marketavailability of blended supplementary cementitious materials.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 All individual constituents used in the manufacture ofthe blended supplementary cementitious material
22、 shall con-form to their applicable specification.6.2 All blended supplementary cementitious materials shallconsist of a uniform mixture of constituents within the limitsspecified in Section 9.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The individual constituents and the blended supplemen-tary cementitious material
23、 shall be chemically analyzed usingapplicable analytical methods of Test Methods C311 or TestMethods C114. Analyze for major and minor oxides present ingreatest quantity that together, including loss-on-ignition con-stitutes at least 98 % of the total mass of the material.7.2 There are no chemical r
24、equirements for the blendedsupplementary cementitious material but the chemical compo-sition of the constituents and of the blended supplementarycementitious material are necessary to verify blend propor-tions.8. Physical and Optional Properties8.1 Blended supplementary cementitious materials shallc
25、onform to the physical requirements in Table 3, where theblend type is in accordance with Section 4.8.2 Blended supplementary cementitious materials shallconform to the optional requirements in Table 2, only whenspecifically requested by the purchaser. The blend type is inaccordance with Section 4.9
26、. Permissible Variations in Blending Accuracy9.1 The amount of pozzolan or slag cement in the finishedblended supplementary cementitious material shall not varyfrom the target value by more than 6 2.5 percentage points forsilica fume and not more than 6 5 percentage points for othersupplementary cem
27、entitious materials, with a 99 % probabilityof compliance.NOTE 4To satisfy the 99 % probability of compliance, the blendingprocess must be capable of producing a blend containing silica fume suchthat the standard deviation of the measured mass percentage of silica fumein the blend is less than 1 %.
28、For constituents other than silica fume, thestandard deviations of their measured mass percentages have to be lessthan 1.9 %.9.2 The chemical composition of the individual constituentsand of the finished blended supplementary cementitious mate-rial shall be determined in accordance with Section 7. T
29、hecomposition of the blend in terms of mass percentage of theconstituents shall be calculated.NOTE 5Appendix X1 provides an example to illustrate how thecomposition of the blend can be calculated from the various measuredchemical compositions.10. Sampling10.1 The manufacturer shall sample and test t
30、he finishedblended supplementary cementitious material in order to verifycompliance with this specification.10.1.1 Upon request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallfurnish the sampling procedure used to certify compliance withthis specification.10.2 If the purchaser desires to verify product com
31、pliancewith this specification, appropriate sampling and testing pro-cedures shall be used. For guidance, refer to standard PracticeC183.TABLE 1 Classification of Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsType NameN Class N Pozzolan meeting Specification C618F Class F fly ash meeting Specification C618C C
32、lass C fly ash meeting Specification C618SF Silica Fume meeting Specification C1240S Slag cement meeting Specification C989C1697 10211. Storage and Inspection11.1 The blended supplementary cementitious materialsshall be protected from the detrimental effects of exposure tothe environment and stored
33、in such a manner as to permit easyaccess for proper inspection and identification.11.2 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed uponby the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material that failsto c
34、onform to the requirements of this specification. Rejectionshall be reported to the manufacturer or supplier promptly andin writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests,the manufacturer or supplier is not prohibited from making aclaim for retesting.13. 13. Certification13.1 Upon
35、 request, the purchaser shall be furnished certifi-cation that all material has been tested as directed in thisspecification and the specified requirements have been met.13.1.1 When requested by the purchaser or when specifiedin the purchase order or contract, a report of individualconstituents incl
36、uding source and specification complianceshall be furnished.13.1.2 When requested by the purchaser or when specifiedin the purchase order or contract, a report of the blendedsupplementary cementitious material test results, includingchemical composition and physical properties shall be fur-nished.14
37、. Packaging and Package Marking14.1 When blended supplementary cementitious material isdelivered in packages, the composition of the blend using thenaming practice in 4.2, the name and brand of the manufac-turer, and the mass contained therein shall be plainly markedon each package. Similar informat
38、ion shall be provided in theshipping invoices accompanying the shipment of bulk blendedsupplementary cementitious material.TABLE 2 Optional RequirementsBlend TypeNFCSSFIncrease of drying shrinkage of mortar bars at 28 days, max,difference, in %, over controlA0.03 0.03 0.03 . .Uniformity Requirements
39、:BDensity - max variation from average, % 5 5 5 . .% retained on 45-m (No. 325) sieve,max variation from average, %55555When air-entraining concrete is specified,the quantity of air-entraining agent requiredto produce an air content of 18.0 vol %of mortar shall not vary from the averageestablished b
40、y the ten preceding tests or byall preceding tests if less than ten, by more than, %20 20 20 . 20Effectiveness in Controlling Alkali-Silica Reaction:Expansion of test mixture as percentage oflow-alkali cement control, at 14 days, max, %C100 100 100 . .Expansion of mortar bars at 14 days, max, %D. .
41、. 0.020 .Reduction of mortar expansion at 14 days, min, % . . . 75D80EEffectiveness in Contributing to Sulfate Resistance:Procedure A:FExpansion of test mixture:For moderate sulfate exposure after6 months exposure, max, %0.10G0.10G0.10G0.10D0.10EFor high sulfate exposure after 6 monthsexposure, max,
42、 %0.05G0.05G0.05G0.05D0.05EFor very high sulfate exposure after12 months exposure, max, %. . . . 0.05DProcedure B:Expansion of test mixture as a percentageof sulfate resistance cement control afterat least 6 months exposure, max,%G100 100 100 . .ADetermination of compliance or noncompliance with the
43、 requirement relating to increase in drying shrinkage will be made only at the request of the purchaser. Testmethod in accordance with Test Methods C311.BTest in accordance with Test Methods C311 or Specification C1240 as appropriate.CBlended supplementary cementitious materials meeting this require
44、ment are considered as effective in controlling alkali aggregate reactions as the use of the low-alkalicontrol cement used in the evaluation. However, the blended supplementary cementitious material shall be considered effective only when used at percentages by massof the total cementitious material
45、 equal to or exceeding that used in the tests and when the alkali content of the cement to be used does not exceed that used in the testsby more than 0.05 %. See Appendix XI, Test Methods C311. Test method in accordance with Test Methods C311.DRefer to the Appendix of Specification C989.EAs delineat
46、ed in Specification C1240.FOnly one limit shall be specified.GBlended supplementary cementitious materials shall be considered effective only when the blended supplementary cementitious material is used at percentages, bymass, of the total cementitious material within 2 % of those that are successfu
47、l in the test mixtures or between two percentages that are successful, and when the C3Acontent of the project cement is less than, or equal to, that which was used in the test mixtures. See Appendix X2 of Test Methods C311. Test method in accordance withTest Methods C311.C1697 10315. Keywords15.1 bl
48、end; fly ash; pozzolan; silica fume; slag cement;supplementary cementitious materialAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. VERIFYING BLEND PROPORTIONSX1.1 ThisAppendix provides information for purchasers ofblended supplementary cementitious materials about typicalmethods that manufacturers use to con
49、trol the blend productionprocess and verify product conformance.X1.2 Mechanical methods, such as weighing individualconstituents as each goes to the blending system are adequateto provide production control but chemical analysis as de-scribed below is required by this specification for verifyingactual blend proportions:X1.2.1 Ensure weighfeeders are maintained and calibratedbefore production. Weigh feeders are to provide for generalcontrol and adjustment during production.X1.2.2 Ensure that the analysis method, X-ray fluorescence(XRF) or other qualified method is calibr
