1、Designation: C1745/C1745M 11Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Hydraulic Characteristics of HydrodynamicStormwater Separators and Underground Settling Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1745/C1745M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of o
2、riginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method concerns measurement of selectedhydraulic c
3、haracteristics of hydrodynamic separators and un-derground settling devices critical to their function as storm-water treatment devices.1.2 Units tested shall be of a size commonly manufactured,not a scale model.1.3 As each stormwater treatment device is unique indesign, so are its hydraulic charact
4、eristics (flow versus headand loss coefficients). A sufficient number of accurately mea-sured data points are needed to define properly the hydrauliccharacteristics of each test unit. Therefore, it is imperative thatthe unit setup and subsequent testing methodologies be welldefined and executed to e
5、nsure accurate flow and elevationdata.1.4 This test method addresses gravity flow operation only.It does not address performance of units operating underpressurized conditions.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ine
6、ach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
7、 theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3858 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurementof Water by Velocity-Area Method
8、D4409 Test Method for Velocity Measurements of Water inOpen Channels with Rotating Element Current MetersD5089 Test Method for Velocity Measurements of Water inOpen Channels with Electromagnetic Current MetersD5242 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurementof Water with Thin-Plate WeirsD5389 Test
9、 Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurementby Acoustic Velocity Meter SystemsD5413 Test Methods for Measurement of Water Levels inOpen-Water BodiesD5640 Guide for Selection of Weirs and Flumes for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water2.2 ASME Standard:3MFC-3M Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using
10、Ori-fice, Nozzle, and Venturi3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 inlet (or outlet) rounding, nradius of fillet at insidepipe junction with separator structure.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method describes procedures and equipmentrequired to measure the hy
11、draulic characteristics of hydrody-namic separators and underground settling devices used fortreating stormwater runoff.4.2 Other standards that may be useful to reference include:Test Methods D3858, D4409, D5089, D5242, D5389, D5413,Guide D5640, and ASME MFC-3M (see Section 2).5. Significance and U
12、se5.1 Each device has unique flow patterns and turbulencecharacteristics. In addition, each device exhibits a wide rangeof efficiencies as discharge, particle size, particle density, andflow viscosity (that is, water temperature) change. The testingprocedure in Section 7 will help develop the parame
13、tersnecessary to input into a function that describes the perfor-mance of a device under a wide range of application condi-tions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.70 onPrecast Concrete Pr
14、oducts for Stormwater Management.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2011. Published October 2011. DOI:10.1520/C1745_C1745M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
16、ohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus6.1 The test unit shall be set up to reflect actual fieldinstallation parameters to the greatest degree possible. Influentand effluent pipes shall have a Mannings roughness coefficientnot greater than 0.013 and shall be the minimum diameterrecommende
17、d by the device manufacturer. Pipe type, diameter,slope (2 to 3 %), orientation, and inlet/outlet roundings shall berecorded and reported for each test. The influent pipe shall bea minimum of ten pipe diameters in length, or 6 m 20 ftwhichever is less, to ensure a uniform approach flow to the testun
18、it, and an effluent pipe of length equivalent to three pipediameters with a free-fall condition at its downstream end.6.2 All components of the experimental setup shall beinspected immediately before any testing to confirm that nodamage or obstruction is present and that there are no sedi-ments or o
19、ther deleterious materials therein. No leakage insystem piping or from the unit is allowable during the test.7. Test Parameters and Methodologies7.1 Three major parameters shall be measured and recordedfor use in establishing a units hydraulic characteristics: flow,water elevations, and water temper
20、ature.7.1.1 Water ElevationPressure heads or water elevationsshall be recorded for each condition tested to determine thehead elevations. The locations of elevation measurements shallbe fixed for all flow conditions. Elevation measurements shallbe recorded in the influent and effluent pipes at locat
21、ions2 6 0.1 pipe diameters upstream and downstream of the unitusing piezometer taps in the pipe inverts. Internal measure-ments shall be recorded at a location that allows determinationof bypass flow. Measurements are to be recorded using a dataacquisition (DA) system and differential pressure (DP)
22、cell orpoint-gage system adjusted to a known reference. Manualmeasurements using an engineers ruler are acceptable forestimated elevations and shall be recorded as such.NOTE 1When supercritical flow occurs in the outlet pipe, the energyhead at the outlet may appear to exceed the energy head at the i
23、nlet leadingto erroneous determination of a loss coefficient. Under this condition, thecritical depth at the outlet shall be determined and used for calculation ofthe unit loss coefficient.7.1.2 Flow MeasurementThe accuracy of the flow mea-surement shall be within 62 % for controlled laboratorytesti
24、ng. The acceptable coefficient of variation of measure-ments is 0.03. The methodology for flow measurement in-cludes the gravimetric method and open-channel and closed-conduit (full-pipe) flow meters. Suitable methods include, butare not restricted to, velocity area sensors, appropriate weirsand flu
25、mes, and pressure drop measurement methods usingorifices, nozzles, or venturi tubes.7.1.3 TemperatureTests shall be run at a water tempera-ture of 18 to 20C 64 to 68F (see Note 2). At a minimum,water temperatures in the sump of the test unit shall berecorded three times, at the beginning, the middle
26、, and the endof each test. The average temperature shall be used in datareduction and reporting.NOTE 2Tests may be run outside of specified temperature range witha clearly stated deviation from the test method included in results(explicitly indicate temperatures as tested).8. Procedure8.1 All associ
27、ated instrumentation shall be calibrated orverified or both to the manufacturers specification beforetesting. Flow conditions shall be stable for a minimum of threesystem volume equivalents (residence time) before commence-ment of data collection.NOTE 3Calibration procedures for instrumentation used
28、 may varydepending on the measurement tool used and manufacturer recommenda-tions. This is acceptable as long as measurements are ensured withaccuracy and tolerances stated in 7.1.2.8.2 Manual MeasurementsManual measurements of flowand of elevation shall be collected in accordance with 7.1.2 andrepo
29、rted as follows:8.2.1 The system shall be at stabilized conditions of flow fora minimum of 5 min before measurement.8.2.2 Each data point shall consist of the average of threesets of measurements.8.2.3 Each set of measurements shall be taken at an intervalof 5 min 6 30 s from the previous set.8.2.4
30、Each set of measurements shall consist of threediscrete measurements taken in rapid succession with a maxi-mum total measurement time of 60 s.8.2.5 The average of the nine discrete measurements col-lected in the three sets shall be recorded as the value for thatdata point.8.2.6 If the readings are o
31、utside the acceptable tolerance, theflow shall be stabilized and the test repeated after the com-pleted stabilization period.8.3 Computerized MeasurementsData recording using acomputerized DA system is preferred over manual measure-ments so that data are continuously recorded throughout thetest, and
32、 the data have increased accuracy when coupled withcalibrated flow meters and DP cells. At a minimum, flow andelevation measurements shall be averaged and recorded every30 s throughout the duration of test. If the readings are outsidethe acceptable tolerance, the flow shall be stabilized and thetest
33、 repeated after the completed stabilization period.9. Report9.1 Ascaled diagram including flow meter type and locationshall be included with the reported results.9.2 Head loss, as well as a loss coefficient (K) of the testunit, shall be reported by using the energy equation betweenupstream and downs
34、tream of the unit:hl5 Shu1Vu22gD Shd1Vd22gD (1)where:hl= device head loss,hu= measured pressure head or water elevation inthe upstream pipe,hd= measured pressure head or water elevation inthe downstream pipe,g = gravitational constant, andVuand Vd= calculated average flow velocities in the up-stream
35、 and downstream pipes at the tap loca-tions, respectively.C1745/C1745M 1129.2.1 Note that, according to 7.1.1, huand hdare measuredpressure heads or water elevations from the same datum.10. Precision and Bias10.1 The precision and bias of this test method will beavailable within five years.11. Keywo
36、rds11.1 accuracy; bypass flow; calibration; flow; head loss;hydraulic capacity; orifice; slope; velocity; velocity head(head); weirASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard
37、are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif no
38、t revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which
39、you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,Unit
40、ed States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C1745/C1745M 113
