1、Designation: C1782/C1782M 16C1782/C1782M 17Standard Specification forUtility Segmental Concrete Paving Slabs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1782/C1782M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for segmental concrete paving slabs manufactured for constructio
3、n of pedestrianand roof applications for commercial and municipal projects where close dimensional tolerances for thickness, and/or length andwidth are not required. These slabs can be manufactured with a dry-cast, wet-cast, or hydraulically pressed process.1.2 Concrete units covered by this specifi
4、cation shall be made with lightweight or normal weight aggregates or both.NOTE 1If particular features are desired, such as weight classification, higher modulus of rupture, surface textures, finish, color, or other specialfeatures, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. Local sellers
5、, however, should be consulted as to availability of units having the desiredfeatures.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independent
6、ly of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Internationa
7、l Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Mason
8、ry PurposesC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry UnitsC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal F
9、ly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1232 Terminology for MasonryC1240 Sp
10、ecification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious MixturesC1645 Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving UnitsD1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded Rubber3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in C1232 shall apply fo
11、r this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 warpage, nthe maximum vertical deviation from a straightedge placed across the full length, width or diagonaldimension of the paving slab surface.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C15 on Manufac
12、tured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on ConcreteMasonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved July 1, 2016June 1, 2017. Published July 2016July 2017. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asC1782/C1782M 16. DOI: 10.1520/
13、C1782_C1782M-16.10.1520/C1782_C1782M-17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
14、 recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
15、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Materials4.1 Cementitious Materials shall conform to the following applicable ASTM specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementsSpecification C150/C150M.4.1.2 Hydraulic CementsSpecification C1157/C1157M.4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification
16、C595/C595M.4.1.4 Hydrated Lime, Type SSpecification C207.4.1.5 Fly AshSpecification C618.4.1.6 Ground SlagSpecification C989/C989M.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecification C1240.4.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following ASTM specifications, except that grading requirements shall not necessarilyapply:4.2.1
17、 Normal WeightSpecification C33/C33M.4.2.2 LightweightSpecification C331/C331M.4.3 Chemical Admixtures shall conform to the following applicable ASTM specifications:4.3.1 Air-entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260/C260M.4.3.2 Water-reducing, Retarding, and Accelerating AdmixturesSpecification C494/
18、C494M.4.3.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979/C979M.4.4 Other ConstituentsIntegral water repellents, fibers, and other materials for which no ASTM standards exist shall bepreviously established as suitable for use in concrete or shall be shown by test or experience not to be
19、 detrimental to the concretepaving slab.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Units shall have a finished face area greater than 101 in.2 0.065 m2 and their length (L) divided by thickness (T) shall begreater than 4. The minimum thickness shall be 1.2 in. 30 mm. The maximum length and width dimensions shall b
20、e 48 in. 1220mm. See Fig. 1.5.2 Modulus of RuptureAt the time of delivery to the job site, the average modulus of rupture of the test specimens shall be725 psi 5.0 MPa with no individual unit less than 650 psi 4.5 MPa as determined in A1.3.5.3 Resistance to Freezing and ThawingIf the units are expos
21、ed to freezing and thawing during service, the manufacturer shallsatisfy the purchaser either by proven field performance or a laboratory freezing-and-thawing test that the units have adequateresistance to freezing and thawing. If a laboratory test is used, test in accordance with 7.4. Specimens sam
22、pled from units that willnot be exposed to deicing salts in service shall be tested in tap water. Specimens sampled from units that will be exposed to deicingmaterials in service shall be tested in 3 % saline solution. The average mass loss of all the specimens tested shall not be greaterthan: (a) 2
23、25 g/m2 when subject to 28 freeze-thaw cycles, or (b) 500 g/m2 when subject to 49 freeze-thaw cycles. This test shallbe conducted not more than 12 months prior to delivery of units.FIG. 1 L = Length, W = Width, T = ThicknessC1782/C1782M 1725.4 Dimensional TolerancesAt the time of delivery to the job
24、 site, the length, width and thickness dimensions, and concaveor convex warpage measured across the full length, width and diagonal dimensions, as determined in A1.2, shall not differ fromthe amounts for the specified dimensions by more than the tolerances in Table 1. Length, width and thickness dim
25、ensions are basedon manufacturers drawings for the particular shape identified.6. Visual Inspection6.1 All units shall be sound and free of defects that would interfere with the proper placing of the units or impair the strengthor performance of the construction. Cracks or surface chipping resulting
26、 from customary methods of manufacturing or handlingin shipment and delivery shall not be deemed grounds for rejection.7. Sampling and Testing7.1 The purchaser or the purchasers authorized representative shall be accorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the unitsat the place of manufacture f
27、rom the lots ready for delivery. Prior to delivery of units, the supplier and purchaser shall decide onthe lot size from which to sample test specimens for resistance to freezing and thawing, modulus of rupture, and dimensionaltolerances.7.2 Sample paving slabs that are representative of the lot and
28、 label with the date of manufacture.7.3 Three units shall be checked for dimensional variations in accordance with A1.2. Measure the length, width, and thicknessfor conformance to manufacturers specified dimensions and for warpage across the full length, width and diagonal dimensionsto the nearest 0
29、.02 in. 0.5 mm. These units shall be used for modulus of rupture testing and, if applicable, three additional unitsshall be tested for resistance to freezing and thawing as described 7.4 and 7.4.1.7.4 Three units shall be tested for modulus of rupture according to A1.3 and, when required, three unit
30、s shall be tested forresistance to freezing and thawing in accordance with Test Method C1645.7.4.1 If applicable, each of the three test specimens for resistance to freezing and thawing shall be cut from three separate units.The freeze-thaw test specimens shall have a surface area of at least 29.5 i
31、n.2 0.019 m2 and not exceeding 101 in.2 0.065 m2,and have at least two edges that are uncut.8. Compliance8.1 If a sample fails to conform to the specified requirements, the manufacturer shall be permitted to remove paving slabs fromthe shipment.Anew sample shall be selected by the purchaser from rem
32、aining slabs from the shipment with a similar configurationand dimension and tested. If the second sample meets the specified requirements, the remaining portion of the shipment representedby the sample meets the specified requirements. If the second sample fails to meet the specified requirements,
33、the remaining portionof the shipment represented by the sample fails to meet the specified requirements.NOTE 2Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost of tests is typically borne as follows: (1) if the results of the tests show that theslabs do not conform to the requirements of th
34、is specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller; (2) if the results of the tests show that the unitsconform to the specification requirements, the cost is typically borne by the purchaser.9. Keywords9.1 concrete; concrete paving unit; segmental concrete paving slabANNEX(Mandatory Informa
35、tion)A1. TEST METHODS FOR PAVING SLABSTABLE 1 Dimensional TolerancesLength and Width, in. mm Thickness, in. mm Concave or Convex Warpage in One Dimension, in.mmUnits up to and including 24 in. 610 mm Up to and including 17.75 in. 450 mm:0.04 1.0 and +0.08 2.0 0.12 3.0 0.08 2.0Units over 24 in. 610 m
36、m Over 17.75 in. 450 mm0.06 1.5 and +0.12 3.0 0.12 3.0 0.12 3.0C1782/C1782M 173A1.1 ScopeA1.1.1 This annex includes testing requirements for concrete paving slabs manufactured for compliance with the unitspecifications in this standard.A1.2 Measurement for Dimensional AccuracyA1.2.1 Apparatus:A1.2.1
37、.1 Measurement DevicesDevices used to measure specimen dimensions shall have divisions not greater than 0.01 in.0.25 mm.A1.2.1.2 Measuring devices shall be readable and accurate to the division required to be reported. Accuracy shall be verified atleast once annually. Verification record shall inclu
38、de date of verification, person or agency performing verification, identificationof reference standard used, test points used during verification, and readings at test points.A1.2.1.3 Flat Surface, of steel or glass, at least 1 in. 25 mm larger than the specimen and plane to within 0.01 in. 0.025 mm
39、.A1.2.1.4 Straightedge made of steel at least 1 in. 25 mm longer than the specimen and straightness within 0.01 in. 0.025 mm.A1.2.2 Length and Width MeasurementsLength and width measurements shall be measured across the top and bottom surfacesat the mid-point. Spacer bars, if applicable, shall not b
40、e measured, but a measurement adjacent to the spacer bars may be taken.A1.2.3 Thickness MeasurementThe thickness of the specimen shall be taken at four points equidistant along the perimeter. Eachmeasurement shall be taken 0.2 in. 5 mm from any edge of the specimen, excluding all chamfered areas. Th
41、ickness measurementsshall be measured as the distance between the flat surface and the top of the specimen to the nearest 0.01 in. 0.25 mm. Thethickness of the product shall be calculated as the average of the four values.NOTE A1.1The paving unit can be measured while inverted on a flat surface or w
42、hile resting on its edge.A1.2.4 Warpage shall be measured as follows:A1.2.4.1 Concave WarpagePlace the unit with the concave surface to be measured facing upwards so the opposite side is incontact with a plane surface. Place the straightedge lengthwise or diagonally along the surface to be measured,
43、 selecting thelocation that gives the greatest departure from straightness. Select the greatest distance from the unit surface to the straightedge.Using the measuring device, measure this distance to the nearest 0.01 in. 0.25 mm, and record as the deviation from flat as shownin Fig. A1.1.FIG. A1.1 C
44、oncave Warpage MeasurementC1782/C1782M 174A1.2.5 Convex WarpagePlace the convex surface facing upwards so the opposite side is in contact with a plane surface, and withthe corners approximately equidistant from the plane surface. Place and level the straightedge on steel blocks having equal heightsw
45、ithin 0.001 in. 0.025 mm. Place the straightedge lengthwise or diagonally along the surface to be measured, selecting thelocation that gives the greatest departure from the straightedge. See Fig. A1.2. The straightedge shall be above the slab surface atleast 0.4 in. 10 mm and extend at least 1 in. 2
46、5 mm beyond each side of the unit while resting on the steel blocks. Measurethe vertical distance from the bottom of the straightedge to the unit surface at each end of the unit and record the greater of thetwo measurements. Measure the smallest vertical distance between the bottom of the straighted
47、ge and the unit surface. Subtractthe smallest vertical distance measured from the greater of the two end measurements to obtain the convex warpage measurement.All vertical measurements from the bottom of the straightedge to the unit edge and surface shall be measured and recorded to thenearest 0.01
48、in. 0.25 mm.A1.3 Modulus of RuptureA1.3.1 Cure and condition test specimens as follows: cure all specimens in a moist chamber, or submerge for 28 6 1 days asspecified in A1.3.1.1. Moist curing shall be followed by air curing for a minimum of three to a maximum of seven days at 736 3F23 6 2C at a min
49、imum 40 % relative humidity before start of the test procedures.A1.3.1.1 Moist curing shall be carried out in a moist chamber (cabinet or room) which shall maintain a controlled air temperatureof 73 6 3F 23 6 2C and a relative humidity of at least 90 %. Alternatively, the units shall be stored, submerged in a saturatedlime solution which shall be maintained at a temperature of 73 6 3F 23 6 2C.A1.3.2 The producer shall have the option to waive curing and conditioni
