1、Designation: C 212 00 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Specification forStructural Clay Facing Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers structural clay load-bearingf
3、acing tile. Structural facing tile are tile designed for use ininterior and exterior unplastered walls and partitions of build-ings.1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at thetime of purchase. The use of results from testing of tileextracted from masonry structures for determining co
4、nform-ance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section6 and 7) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured fromclay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances andsubjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (fi
5、ring).The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond betweenthe particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and firedbond in Terminology C43.)1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanat
6、ory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C43 Terminology of Structural Clay ProductsC67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay Tile3. Types3
7、.1 Two types of structural clay facing tile are covered, asfollows:3.1.1 Type FTXSmooth-face tile suitable for general usein exposed exterior and interior masonry walls and partitions,and adapted for use where tile low in absorption, easilycleaned, and resistant to staining are required, and where a
8、 highdegree of mechanical perfection, narrow color range, andminimum variation in face dimensions are desired.3.1.2 Type FTSSmooth- or rough-texture face tile suitablefor general use in exposed exterior and interior masonry wallsand partitions and adapted for use where tile of moderateabsorption, mo
9、derate variation in face dimensions, and me-dium color range are permitted, and where minor defects insurface finish, including small handling chips, are not objec-tionable.4. Classes4.1 Two classes of structural clay facing tile are covered, asfollows:4.1.1 StandardTile suitable for general use in
10、exterior orinterior masonry walls and partitions.4.1.2 Special DutyTile suitable for general use in exterioror interior masonry walls and partitions, and designed to havesuperior resistance to impact and moisture transmission and tosupport greater lateral and compressive loads than standard tilecons
11、truction.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:5.1.1 TypeSee Section 3.5.1.2 ClassSee Section 4. When class is not specified, therequirements for standard tile shall govern. If special duty tileare desired, the words “special d
12、uty” shall be included in thespecifications. Special duty tile shall be accepted in lieu ofstandard tile except where the extra weight is an importantfactor in the loading of supporting members.5.1.3 Texture and ColorSee Section 9.5.1.4 SizesSee Section 10. Sizes shall be as specified.5.1.5 Number o
13、f FacesIf two-face tile are desired, thisshall be stated by the purchaser; otherwise, single-face tile maybe furnished.NOTE 1See Section 15 for supplementary requirements applying totwo-face tile.6. Absorption6.1 The tile shall conform to one of the requirements forwater absorption of the type speci
14、fied as prescribed in Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Clay Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved
15、in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 21200.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1C
16、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 For Type FTS tile for use in masonry not exposed tofrost action or in exposed masonry walls with an outside facingof 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, or other masonry,limitati
17、ons on absorption shall be waived.7. Compressive Strength7.1 The tile shall conform to the requirements for compres-sive strength of the class specified as prescribed in Table 2.7.2 Special duty tile shall be accepted in lieu of standard tileexcept where the extra weight is an important factor in th
18、eloading of supporting members.8. Material, Workmanship, and Finish8.1 The body of all tile shall be of clay, shale, fire clay, ormixtures of these materials with or without admixtures, burnedto meet the requirements of this specification. The body of alltile shall be free of cracks longer than one
19、fourth of thedimension of the tile in the direction of the crack. The face orfaces that will be exposed when in place shall be free of cracksthat extend through the thickness of the face shell and free ofchips that exceed the limits given in Table 3, except thatpercentages of the shipment are allowe
20、d additional chippagewhich shall not exceed the limits given in Table 4. The tile shallbe free of other imperfections detracting from the appearanceof the finished wall when viewed at a distance of 10 ft (3.04 m)for Type FTX and at a distance of 15 ft (4.57 m) for Type FTS.8.2 Plaster Base FinishSur
21、faces of tile for plaster-basefinish shall be smooth, scored, combed, or roughened. Whensmooth, the tile shall be free of glaze and the absorption shallbe not less than 5% . When scored, each groove shall be notless than116 in. (1.6 mm) nor more than14 in. (6.4 mm) indepth and not more than 1 in. (2
22、5.4 mm) in width. The areacovered by grooves shall not exceed 50% of the area of thescored faces. When combed, the tile shall be scratched orscarified, prior to burning, by mechanical means which shallmake scratches or scarifications on the surface of the tile notless than116 in. (1.6 mm) nor more t
23、han18 in. (3.2 mm) indepth, and not more than14 in. apart. When roughened, the dieskin on the face of the tile shall be entirely broken bymechanical means, such as wire cutting or wire brushing. (Thedie skin is visible within the cells of the tile.)9. Texture and Color9.1 Type FTXThe face or faces o
24、f all tile that will beexposed when in place shall have a smooth and unbrokennatural die finish. (The die finish is visible within the cells ofthe tile.) The color range of the finished faces shall conform toan approved sample consisting of not less than five stretchertile fully representing the ran
25、ge of shade.9.2 Type FTSThe texture of the finished surface that willbe exposed when in place shall conform to an approved sampleconsisting of not less than five stretcher tile, each representingthe texture desired. The approximate color range shall beindicated by an approved sample consisting of no
26、t less thanfive stretcher tile.NOTE 2Facing tile are not ordinarily available in uniform (straightrange) colors. Samples submitted for approval should include the ex-tremes of the color ranges that will be furnished, unless full burning range(kiln run) is acceptable.10. Sizes and Shapes10.1 The tile
27、 shall be of the sizes and shapes specified.11. Tolerances11.1 Tolerances on DimensionsThe average size of thetile furnished shall approximate closely the size specified in theinvitation for bids. The dimensions of individual tile shall notdiffer from the specified standard dimensions for the typesp
28、ecified by more than the amounts given in Table 5.TABLE 1 Maximum Water AbsorptionTypeBy 24-h Submersion in ColdWater, %By 1-h Boiling, %Average Individual Average IndividualFTX 7.0 9.0 9.0 11.0FTS 13.0 16.0 16.0 19.0TABLE 2 Compressive Strength Based on Gross AreaClassEnd-Construction Tile Side-Con
29、struction TileMinimum Averageof Five Tests, psi(MPa)IndividualMinimum, psi(MPa)MinimumAverage ofFive Tests,psi (MPa)IndividualMinimum, psi(MPa)Standard 1400 (9.7) 1000 (6.9) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)Special duty 2500 (17.2) 2000 (13.8) 1200 (8.3) 1000 (6.9)TABLE 3 Maximum Permissible Extent of Chippage Fr
30、om theEdges and Corners of Finished Face or Faces Into the SurfacesTypeChippage in inches (millimetres) in fromEdge CornerFTX14 (3.2)14 (6.4)FTS (smooth)A 14 (6.4)38 (9.5)FTS (rough)B 516 (7.9)12 (12.7)ASmooth texture is the unbroken natural die finish.BRough texture is the finish produced when the
31、face is sanded, combed,scratched, or scarified, or the die skin on the face is entirely broken by mechanicalmeans, such as wire cutting or wire brushing.TABLE 4 Percentages of Shipment Allowed Chippage OverMaximum Permissible in Table 3TypePercentageAllowableChippage in inches(millimetres) in fromEd
32、ge CornerFTX 514 (6.4)38 (9.5)FTS (smooth) 10516 (7.9)12 (12.7)FTS (rough) 15716 (11.1)34 (19.1)TABLE 5 Tolerances on DimensionsSpecified Unit Dimension,in. (mm)Maximum Permissible Variation from SpecifiedUnit Dimension, plus or minus, in. (mm)FTX FTS3 (76.2) and under116 (1.6)332 (2.4)Over 3 to 4 (
33、76.2 to 101.6), incl332 (2.4)216 (3.2)Over 4 to 6 (101.6 to 152.4), incl216 (3.2)316 (4.8)Over 6 to 8 (152.4 to 203.2), incl532 (4.0)416 (6.4)Over 8 to 12 (203.2 to 304.8), incl732 (5.6)516 (7.9)Over 12 to 16 (304.8 to 406.4), incl932 (7.1)616 (9.5)C 212 00 (2006)211.2 Tolerances on Distortion, Dist
34、ortion of face or edges ofindividual tile from a plane surface or from a straight line,respectively, shall not exceed the amounts shown in Table 6 forthe type specified.12. Coring12.1 Requirements as to coring shall apply to multicored tileonly. Multicored tile (Fig. 1) shall contain hollow spaces(c
35、ores) which are enclosed within the perimeter of the exteriorshells and have a cross-sectional area of not more than 112in.2(9.7 cm2).12.2 The type of coring is optional with each manufacturer.The distance from the perimeter of the core to the face of thetile shall be not less than34 in. (19.1 mm) e
36、xcept in tile that aredesigned to be split for fractional lengths where the maximumdistance from the face of the tile to the perimeter of the kerfingcores shall be not less than12 in. (12.7 mm).13. Size and Number of Cells13.1 Requirements as to number of cells in direction of wallthickness and as t
37、o shell and web thickness shall apply tohollow tile only. Hollow tile (Fig. 2) shall contain hollowspaces (cells) which are enclosed within the perimeter of theexterior shells and have a minimum dimension greater than12in. (12.7 mm) and a cross-sectional area greater than 112 in.2(9.7 cm2). End-cons
38、truction tile are designed to be placed inthe wall with axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tileare designed to be placed in the wall with the axes of the cellshorizontal. Where end-construction tile are used on the sidethey shall conform to the requirements of side-construction tileand vi
39、ce versa.13.2 Hollow tile shall conform to the following require-ments as to number of cells in the direction of wall thickness:Nominal Horizontal Minimum Number ofThickness of Tile as Laid Cells in Directionin Wall, in. (mm) of Wall Thickness4 (101.6) 16 (152.4) 28 (203.2) 210 (254.0) 312 (304.8) 3
40、The following tile shall be considered as having one addi-tional cell in the direction of wall thickness:13.2.1 Standard double-shell tile, provided the combinedwidth of the voids between exterior and interior side shells onboth sides of the tile is not less than12 in. (12.7 mm) and thecombined thic
41、kness of the short webs between inner and outershells is not greater than that of the long transverse websholding the inner shells.13.2.2 All special duty double-shell tile, also special dutysolid and cored-shell tile having face shells at least 112 in.(38.1 mm) thick on both sides of the tile.13.3
42、Width of CellThe width of any cell in side-construction tile, measured in the direction of wall thickness,shall not exceed 412 times the average overall thickness ofeither the upper or lower bearing shells.14. Shell and Web Thickness14.1 Side Shells of Standard TileThe thickness of the sideshells of
43、 standard tile shall be not less than the values shown inTable 7 applying to the direction of cells in the wall (see Fig.2). The thickness of exposed end shells of standard end-construction tile shall be not less than the thickness of the sideshells shown in Table 7. The net thickness of interior en
44、d shellsfor end-construction tile, exclusive of scoring, shall be not lessthan12 in. (12.7 mm).14.2 Side Shells of Special-Duty TileThe thickness of theside shells of special duty tile shall be not less than the valuesshown in Table 7 for the proper direction of the cells in the wall(see Fig. 2). Th
45、e thickness of end shells of special-dutyend-construction tile shall be not less than34 in. (19.1 mm).14.3 Webs, Bearing Shells, and Recessed EndsFor stan-dard and special-duty tile, the thickness of webs shall be notless than12 in. (12.7 mm), except that the short webs betweenthe inner and outer sh
46、ells of double shells shall be not less than14 in. (6.4 mm); also, the net thickness of the top and bottomshells in side-construction tile and of end shells in end-construction tile, which are recessed not less than12 in., shallbe not less than12 in. (see Fig. 2).14.4 Cored ShellsIn cored shells, th
47、e distance from theperimeter of the core to the exposed face surface of the shellshall be not less than38 in. (9.5 mm) (see Fig. 2). The volumeof the shell cores shall not exceed 35 % of the gross volume ofthe face shell. The cross-sectional area of any shell core shallbe not greater than 1 in.2(6.5
48、 cm2).14.5 Double ShellsIn double shells of side-constructionor end-construction tile, the thickness of the outer shells shallbe not less than38 in. (9.5 mm) for standard tile nor less than12 in. (12.7 mm) for special duty tile. The length of voidbetween the inner and outer shell shall not exceed 5
49、in. (127mm) when measurements are made horizontally for end-construction tile and vertically for side-construction tile, withthe unit resting in its proper wall position, nor shall the distancebetween inner and outer shells exceed58 in. (15.9 mm).14.6 ScoringWhen face shells are scored, each grooveshall be not less than18 in. (3.2 mm) nor more than14 in. (6.4mm) in depth, and not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width. Thearea covered by the grooves shall not exceed 50 % of the areaof the scored faces.15. Supplementary
