1、Designation: C 222 97 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Specification forAsbestos-Cement Roofing Shingles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 222; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers asbestos-cement roofingshingles, including accessories, designed to provide theweather-exposed surfaces on
3、 roofs of buildings.1.2 Shingles supplied under this specification are of thefollowing types as to shape and method of application:1.2.1 American MethodUniform thickness, generallyrectangular in shape, with straight or irregular edges. They areintended to be laid with a minimum 2-in. (51-mm) head la
4、p andwith no side lap and to provide double coverage. They may bemade either as individual or multiple units to simulate theappearance of individual shingles.1.2.2 Strip ShinglesUniform thickness, various shapesand designs to provide top lap only and shingle coverage underthe butt joints, with the d
5、esign such that it provides only singlecoverage.1.2.3 Strip ShinglesUniform thickness, various shapesand designs to provide top lap only and shingle coverage underthe butt joints, with the design such that it provides only singlecoverage.1.2.4 Dutch or Scotch Method (Including Ranch Design)Uniform t
6、hickness with straight or irregular edges and de-signed to be laid with a lap at the top and on one side of eachshingle.1.2.4.1 DutchSquare in shape.1.2.4.2 RanchOblong-rectangular in shape, with thegreater dimension horizontal.1.2.5 French or Hexagonal MethodUniform thickness,square in shape, havin
7、g at least three corners clipped to givethe desired pattern when the shingles are laid with theirdiagonals perpendicular to the eave of the roof, with their apexsides lapped.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconve
8、rsions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when
9、working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use ofChrysotile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 459 Test Methods for Asbestos-Cement Flat Produc
10、ts2.2 Federal Standard:4Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Domestic Shipment (CivilianAgencies)2.3 Military Standard:4MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage2.4 Other Documents:Uniform Freight Classification Rule5National Motor Freight Classification Rules63. Materials and Manufacture3.1 Asbestos-ce
11、ment roofing shingles shall be composed ofa combination of asbestos fiber and portland cement orportland blast-furnace slag cement, and not more than 1 weight% of organic fiber, with or without the addition of curingagents, water-repellent substances, mineral fillers, coatings,pigments, or mineral g
12、ranules, formed under pressure andcured to meet the physical requirements of this specification.4. Physical Requirements4.1 All measurements and tests necessary for determiningthe conformity of the asbestos-cement shingles with thisspecification shall be made in accordance with Methods C 459.4.2 Fle
13、xural StrengthThe average breaking load obtainedby loading equally and simultaneously at both one-third pointsof the test span.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - C
14、ement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 222 97 (2003)1.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcon
15、tact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Standardization Documents, Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA. 1911155094, Attn: NPODS.5A
16、vailable from the Uniform Classification Commission Room 1106, 222 S.Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL. 60606.6Available from National Motor Freight Inc., 1616 P. St., N. W., Washington, DC20036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United St
17、ates.4.3 DeflectionThe average deflection at mid-span atmaximum load obtained by loading equally and simulta-neously at both one-third points of the test span.4.4 Water AbsorptionThe average water absorption shallnot exceed 25 weight %.5. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations5.1 Shingles supp
18、lied under this specification shall conformto the dimensions prescribed in Table 1. Units of one halfnormal width shall be supplied in an amount not exceeding twoper bundle.5.2 ThicknessThe average thickness of all units suppliedunder these specifications shall be as shown in Table 2, and theaverage
19、 thickness of any one unit shall not vary from theaverage of all units within the shipment by more than 10 %.For textured shingles, this thickness shall be construed as thegross overall measurement from the top of the textured surfaceto the back of the unit.5.3 Width and LengthThe permissible variat
20、ion from thenominal width or length shall be 618 in. (63.18 mm), asmeasured after 48 h at 73F (23C) and 50 % relative humidity.6. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance6.1 WorkmanshipThe surface of the shingles to be ex-posed shall be free of defects that impair appearance orserviceability.6.2 FinishTh
21、e surface of the shingles to be exposed shallbe smooth, grained, granuled, coated, or otherwise textured.6.3 ColorThe exposed surface of the shingles shall benatural color of the asbestos-cement product or shall be coloredby the addition of mineral pigments, chemical impregnation,pigmented coatings,
22、 veneers, or embedded mineral granules.6.4 Holes for Nails and FastenersHoles for nails andfasteners shall be provided in the units during manufacture andshall be so placed as to provide at least the minimum lap asspecified in Table 1 and to allow for proper application ofnecessary clips or storm fa
23、steners.6.5 EfflorescenceEfflorescence that sometimes appears onasbestos-cement shingles is not a defect and shall not result ina permanent change in color.7. Supplementary Shapes7.1 StartersStarter pieces, for application at the eaves, areavailable for each type of shingle and shall have the samege
24、neral characteristics as the shingles.7.2 Hip and Ridge Finishing PiecesFinishing pieces, forapplication on hips and ridges, are available for each type ofshingle and shall have the same general characteristics as theshingles.7.3 Ridge RollCurved or angular ridge roll is available forcertain types o
25、f shingles and shall have the same generalcharacteristics as the shingles.8. Nails and Fasteners8.1 Nails for application of shingles to wood decks, specialfasteners for attaching shingles to nonwood decks, and stormanchors and clips are accessories which are not furnished withthe shingles, but must
26、 be purchased separately.8.2 Nails and fasteners shall have flat heads substantiallylarger than the diameter of the holes in the shingles with whichthey are to be used. The nails shall be of such length as to holdsecurely in the deck.8.3 Storm anchors or clips shall have flat bases substantiallylarg
27、er than the diameter of the holes in the shingles with whichthey are to be used. Storm anchors shall be of adequate lengthto secure the shingles in place.8.4 Nails and fasteners shall be made of corrosion-resistant,nonstaining metal. Storm anchors or clips shall be corrosion-resistant, nonstaining m
28、etal, and shall be readily bendable.9. Underlayment Sheet9.1 Underlayment sheet material for use in the applicationof asbestos-cement shingles is not furnished with the shingles,but must be purchased separately.9.2 Asphalt-saturated felt, preferably asbestos felt wheremaximum fire resistance of the
29、roof covering is desired, issuitable for underlayment use. Coal tar-saturated felt is notsuitable. The felt shall weigh not less than 13 lb/100 ft2(63.5kg/100 m2). Underlayment sheet material for use withasbestos-cement shingles shall be water-resistant, of the“breather” type, permeable to water vap
30、or.10. Rejection and Retesting10.1 If the sample fails to conform to any one of therequirements of this specification, a second sample from thesame lot shall be prepared and tested. The results of the retestshall be averaged with the results of the original test todetermine compliance with this spec
31、ification.TABLE 1 Nominal Dimensions, in. (mm)TypeWidth(Horizontal)Height(Vertical)Minimum LapTopA,BHeadA,BSideA,BAmerican method 8 to 32 (203 to 813) 12 to 18.5 (305 to 470) . 2 (51) .Strip shingle 12 to 32 (305 to 813) variable 2 (51) . .Dutch or Scotch 16 (406) 16 (406) 3 (76) . 4 (102)Ranch 24 (
32、610) 12 (305) 2.5 (64) . 4 (102)French or hexagonal 16 (406) 16 (406) 3 (76) . 3 (76)AHeadlap with shingles that provide double coverage and top lap with shingles that provide single coverage is defined as the shortest distance between the lower edgeof a course of shingles and the most proximate und
33、erlying area of roof deck not covered by the preceding courses of shingles. At butted side joints, between individualunits, complete and continuous coverage shall be provided by the undercourse shingles. Side lap has a similar meaning in respect to the shortest horizontal distance fromthe exposed si
34、de edge to uncovered roof deck area.BThe unit dimensions and laps given in this table are an indication of customary current manufacture and shall not be construed to limit or fix the width, length, or lapdimensions of shingles that conform to all other requirements of this specification.C 222 97 (2
35、008)210.2 Failure to conform to any one of the requirements ofthis specification upon retest as prescribed above, shall consti-tute grounds for rejection. In case of rejection, the seller shallhave the right to reinspect the rejected shipment and resubmitthe lot after removal of the portion of the s
36、hipment notconforming to the specified requirements, provided this is donewithin 20 days after receipt of notice of the specific cause forrejection.11. Inspection11.1 Inspection of material shall be made at the point ofshipment. The inspector representing the purchaser shall havefree access to the c
37、arriers being loaded for shipment to thepurchaser. He shall be afforded all reasonable and availablefacilities at the point of shipment for sampling and inspectionof the material, which shall be so conducted as not to interfereunnecessarily with the loading of the carriers.12. Packaging and Shipping
38、12.1 Commercial QuantitiesThe commercial unit formarketing asbestos-cement roofing shingles is the “square.”One square is sufficient material to cover 100 ft2(9.29 m2)ofroof area when applied according to the manufacturers direc-tions. Supplementary shapes (starters, hip and ridge pieces,ridge roll)
39、 are not included with the shingles, but must bepurchased separately.12.2 Commercial PackagingUnless otherwise specified,asbestos-cement roofing shingles shall be packaged in bundlesin accordance with accepted commercial practice, to ensureacceptance by common carrier.12.3 Job ProtectionPackages of
40、asbestos-cement roofshingles shall be stacked upon a raised, rigid, flat supportingbase, and to avoid discoloration, shall be kept completelycovered, protected from the weather, clean and dry, untilapplied.13. Keywords13.1 asbestos-cement; roofing shingles; shinglesSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe foll
41、owing supplementary requirements shall apply when material is supplied under thisspecification for U.S. Government procurement.S1. PackagingS1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the materialshall be packaged in accordance with the producers standardpractice which will be acceptable to the
42、 carrier at lowest rates.Containers and packing shall comply with Uniform FreightClassification Rules or National Motor Freight ClassificationRules. Marking for shipment of such material shall be inaccordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies andMIL-STD-129 for military agencies.S2. Responsi
43、bility for InspectionS2.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the producer is responsible for the testing of all materialto assure compliance with the requirements specified herein.Except as otherwise specified in the contract or order, theproducer shall use his own or any o
44、ther suitable facilities forthe performance of the inspection and test requirements speci-fied herein, unless disapproved by the purchaser. The purchasershall have the right to perform any of the inspections and testsset forth in this specification where such inspections aredeemed necessary to assur
45、e that material conforms to pre-scribed requirements.TABLE 2 Physical RequirementsNominal Thickness, in. (mm) Minimum Thickness, in. (mm)Minimum Breaking Load, lbf (N)Minimum Deflection, in. (mm)Strong Direction Weak Direction316 (4.5) 0.150 (4.1) 47 (210) 30 (170) 0.25 (7)14 (6) 0.220 (5.7) 83 (370
46、) 70 (310) 0.2 (5)38 (10) 0.340 (8.8) 155 (690) 128 (570) 0.01 (2.5)C 222 97 (2008)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the
47、 validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your
48、 comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments
49、have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 22
