1、Designation: C 240 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Methods ofTesting Cellular Glass Insulation Block1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 240; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glassinsulation block for density, water absorption, compressivestrength, fle
3、xural strength at ambient temperature; preparationfor chemical analysis; and thermal conductivity measurements.1.2 The values stated in SI are generally to be regarded asthe standard. The SI dimensions are to be used for materialsupplied in metric sizes. The inch dimensions are to be used formateria
4、l supplied in inch sizes.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations pri
5、or to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Propertiesof Thermal Insulations2C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation2C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-
6、Plate Apparatus2C 203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Prop-erties of Block-Type Thermal Insulation2C 303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and Broad-Type Thermal Insulation2C 390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of PreformedThermal Insulation Lots2C 518 Test
7、Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus2C 871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of ThermalInsulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride,Silicate, and Sodium Ions2D 226 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic FeltUsed in Roofing an
8、d Waterproofing32.2 ISO Standard:ISO 3951 Sampling Procedure and Charts for Inspection byVariables for Percent Nonconforming42.3 Military Standard:MIL-I-24244 Specification Insulation Materials with Spe-cial Corrosion, Chloride, and Fluoride Requirements52.4 Other Standard:NRC 1.36 Nonmetallic Therm
9、al Insulation for AusteniticStainless Steel63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C 168 shall be considered asapplying to the terms considered in these test methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 From a general standpoint, these test methods outlinethe particular points which have to be taken into ac
10、count whenapplying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellularglass insulating block.5. Test Methods5.1 General Sample PreparationAll tests have to be runon dry specimens. In case of need, the sample must beunpacked and stored in a dry place in such a way that allsurfaces are exposed to the a
11、mbient air for at least one daybefore testing.5.2 DensityDetermine the density in accordance with TestMethod C 303. Preferably, the density shall be measured on afull block, 450 by 600 mm (18 by 24 in.) by full thickness.5.2.1 It should be noted that density is interesting as such forcalculation of
12、insulated equipment load and because it hassome influence on the other important properties of cellularglass. But it should not be considered in itself as a criterion foracceptance in the case of cellular glass.5.3 Water Absorption:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16
13、 onThermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.32 onMechanical Properties.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 240 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.3Annual Book o
14、f ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.4Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43nd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.6Available from Director of Regulatory Standards, US
15、Atomic Energy Commis-sion, Washington, DC 20545.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofwater absorption of cellular glass insulating blocks by measur-ing the amount of w
16、ater retained as a result of completeimmersion for a prescribed time interval. Surface blotting isused to correct for the water absorbed on the cut surface cells.5.3.2 Significance and UseThis test method provides ameans of measuring the water absorption of cellular glassinsulating blocks under isot
17、hermal conditions as a result ofdirect immersion in liquid water. It is intended for use inproduct evaluation and quality control.5.3.3 Equipment and Materials:5.3.3.1 Balance, with about 1500 g capacity and at least 0.1g sensitivity.5.3.3.2 Immersion Tank, equipped with inert specimen sup-ports and
18、 top surface weights such as stainless steel.5.3.3.3 Synthetic Sponge, at least 100 by 180 by 40 mm (4by 7 by 1.5 in.). Sponges found acceptable to use includecellulosic sponges and fine-pored absorbent synthetic plasticsponges.5.3.3.4 Test Room, with temperature of 21 6 3C (70 65F) and relative hum
19、idity of 50 6 10 %.5.3.3.5 Distilled Water.5.3.4 Procedure:5.3.4.1 Carefully measure the thickness, width, and lengthto the nearest 1 mm of a cellular glass block, preferably 50 by300 by 450 mm (2 by 12 by 18 in.) and calculate the volumeand exposed surface area.5.3.4.2 Weigh the specimen to the nea
20、rest 0.1 g (W1), thensubmerge it horizontally under 25 mm (1 in.) of watermaintained at 21 6 3C (70 6 5F). Inert top surface weightsare required to keep it submerged. After submerging it for 2 h,set the specimen on end on a damp cotton bath towel to drainfor 10 min. After the 10 min, remove the exce
21、ss surface waterby hand with a damp sponge for 1 min per large face and 1 minfor the four sides. Wring out the sponge before and once inbetween for each face and pass at least two times on eachsurface. Blot each face of the specimen equally by compressingthe sponge by at least 10 % of its thickness.
22、 Weigh thespecimen immediately (W2) to the nearest 0.1 g.5.3.5 Calculation of ResultsCalculate the weight of waterabsorbed (W2 W1) and express it as a function of the exteriorsurface of the sample (g/cm2). Water absorption can also beexpressed as a function of volume percent, absorbed watervolume di
23、vided by specimen volume; or as a function ofweight percent, weight of water absorbed (W2 W1) dividedby the dry specimen weight (W1). Such ways of expressing theresults should be strictly limited to direct comparison of resultson specimens of identical sizes.5.3.6 Precision and BiasThe precision as
24、determined ininter-laboratory tests is given in Research Report RR C16-1007.7The repeatability or single-laboratory operator precisionis 60.00060 g/cm2or 60.030 volume % (61S). The repro-ducibility or multilaboratory operator precision is 60.00071g/cm2or 60.035 volume %. Due to a lack of a standard,
25、 nostatement can be made regarding bias.5.4 Compressive StrengthDetermine the compressivestrength in accordance with Test Method C 165 Procedure A,with the following test parameters and specimen preparationtechniques:5.4.1 Each of the two parallel bearing surfaces of thespecimens shall be plane. If
26、necessary, rub them on a suitableabrasive surface to produce the required flat surface.5.4.2 The test specimens shall preferably be one half block300 by 450 mm (12 by 18 in.) by nominal received thickness.Alternates include a quadrant 225 by 300 mm (9 by 12 in.) ora full block 450 by 600 mm (18 by 2
27、4 in.) by nominal receivedthickness. A quadrant specimen shall be taken from any one offour equal area quadrants of the preformed block. The mini-mum acceptable specimen size is 200 by 200 mm (8 by 8 in.).The report shall include the specimen size.5.4.3 Cap both bearing surfaces of the specimens as
28、follows:Coat one surface with molten Type III or Type IV asphalt(preheated to 177, + 28, 14C (350, + 50, 25F), com-pletely filling the surface cells with a small excess. Such acoating application rate is approximately 1.0 kg/m2(0.20 lb/ft2)6 25%. Immediately press the hot coated block onto a precutp
29、iece of felt or paper laying on a flat surface. This is to preventthe asphalt surface from sticking to the compression plattenduring the test. A lightweight kraft paper is suitable, althoughtraditionally a Type 1 roofing felt paper, commonly called aNo. 15 asphalt felt, per Specification D 226 has b
30、een used.NOTE 1A hot asphalt capping is used to simulate field appliedsystems, which require a high load bearing insulation product, rangingfrom roof applications to cryogenic storage tank base applications.Uncapped material or different cappings will give different values.Properly capped surfaces s
31、hould be approximately plane andparallel. Set the specimens on edge, exposing both cappedsurfaces to room temperature for a minimum of 15 min toallow the asphalt to harden before testing.5.4.4 The number of specimens to be tested and the sam-pling plan shall conform to Criteria C 390 where applicabl
32、e.For the purpose of inspection by users representative orindependent third party, the number of specimens shall con-form to ISO 3951 inspection level S-4, 10.0 % AQL using theS method.5.4.5 Compress the specimen until failure. The deformationat failure will vary, depending on the thickness of insul
33、ationand the thickness of the capping materials. Record the loads atthe failure point or definite yield point. The compressivestrength is calculated from this load divided by the specimencross sectional area in accordance with Test Method C 165.5.4.6 The rate of loading will depend on the type ofequ
34、ipment used. With a hydraulic test machine use a constantload rate of 2200 N/s (500 lbf/s) for half block specimen. Witha screw driven machine use a crosshead speed of 0.1 mm/min.(0.01 in./min.) per cm (in.) of specimen thickness, within atolerance of 625 %. Another alternate testing procedure is to
35、reach failure within 30 to 90 s nominal 16kPa/s (2.3 psi/s).5.4.7 Due to the sample preparation, with the inclusion offelts and asphalt, the method described in Test Method C 165to determine compressive modulus of elasticity does not applyfor cellular glass as a material by itself.NOTE 2It has been
36、found extremely convenient to employ a partially7Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: C16 1007.C 240 97 (2003)2submerged roll (see Fig. 1) for applying the asphalt.5.5 Flexural StrengthDetermine flexural strength in a
37、c-cordance with Test Method C 203, Method I or Method II,Procedure A, preferably with a test specimen 25 mm thick by100 mm wide by 300 mm long ( 1 in. thick by 4 in. wide by 12in. long ).5.5.1 Measure the distance between the supports fromcenter to center of the bearing bars.5.5.2 The number of spec
38、imens to be tested and the sam-pling plan shall conform to Criteria C 390 where applicable.For the purpose of inspection by users representative orindependent third party, the minimum number of specimensshall conform to ISO 3951 inspection level S-3, 10.0 % AQLusing the S method.5.6 Thermal Conducti
39、vityDetermine the thermal conduc-tivity in accordance with Test Method C 177 or Test MethodC 518. In the case of cellular glass, the following pointsdeserve special attention:5.6.1 To achieve flatness and parallelism of the surface asrequired by Test Method C 177 or Test Method C 518, thefollowing m
40、ethod is suggested:5.6.1.1 By sawing from the original block, prepare a speci-men with the required dimensions, its thickness being 2 or 3mm greater than the final thickness should be.5.6.1.2 Place the specimen on a flat metal plate slightlylarger than the specimen itself and put two machined metalb
41、ars on the metal plate near two opposite sides of the specimen.Insert a uniform sheet of paper with a thickness about14 mm(0.01 in.) between the flat base plate and the metal bars but notunder the sample. The metal bars are as thick as the finalthickness of the specimen and machined so that their to
42、p andbottom surfaces are flat and parallel. Alternatively to machinedbars, one can use cold-rolled steel bars. These bars generallyare sufficiently flat and uniform in thickness.5.6.1.3 Using a third straight metal bar long enough to lapmetal bars on each side, carefully rub off the upper face of th
43、especimen until the scraping bar just contacts the thickness bars.5.6.1.4 Turn the specimen upside down and place it back onthe flat metal plate and put the two metal bars on the metalplate near two opposite sides of the specimen, this time withoutthe sheet of paper under each metal bar.5.6.1.5 Repe
44、at the rubbing operation described in 5.6.1.3.5.6.1.6 If the specimens have to be shipped, provide ad-equate protection.5.6.2 Due to the rigid nature of the material and its open cellsurface, it is preferable to have the thermocouples mounted onthe surface of the plates and not adhered to the surfac
45、e of thespecimens.5.6.3 For maximum accuracy, it is recommended that thetemperature difference between the hot and cold surfaces of thespecimens is such that the temperature gradient in the specimenequals or exceeds 900 K m1(40 F/in.). Avoid specimens madefrom several pieces of cellular glass. Joint
46、s are prohibited inthe central measuring area and their number should be mini-mized in the guard area.5.6.4 The number of specimens to be tested and the sam-pling plan shall conform to Criteria C 390 where applicable.For the purpose of inspection by users representative orindependent third party, th
47、e number of specimens shall con-form to ISO 3951 inspection level S-3, 10.0 % AQL using theS method.5.7 Specimen Preparation for Chemical AnalysisWhenspecified in the purchase order or contract, the followingchemical analysis results shall be furnished to the purchaser.5.7.1 Chemical Analysis for Le
48、achable Chloride, (Fluo-ride), Silicate, and Sodium IonsDetermine leachable chlo-ride, (fluoride), silicate and sodium ions in accordance withTest Methods C 871, MIL-I-24244, or NRC 1.36, with thefollowing exceptions or additions. The test specimen may beprepared for leaching by either of the follow
49、ing equivalentmethods:5.7.1.1 Method ABreak about 300 g of the sample intosmall size pieces about 13 mm (12 in.) or less. Comminute ina nominal 4-L (1-gal) mill one-third to one-half full ofappropriate media for about 10 min. Screen outthe 200 + 325 mesh fraction of about 50 g, wash on the finerscreen with 400 to 600 mL of cp methanol using a wash bottle,and dry on the screen to constant weight at 100 to 110C (212to 230F). An appropriate grinding media is flint pebbles oralumina pebbles.5.7.1.2 Method BBreak about 150 g of the sample intosmall
