1、Designation: C 34 03Standard Specification forStructural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 34; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers structural clay loading-bearingwall t
3、ile. Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:1.1.1 Grade LBXSuitable for general use in masonryconstruction and adapted for use in masonry exposed toweathering, provided they meet the durability requirements forGrade SW of Specification C 216.1.1.2 Grade LBSuitable for general use in masonry wher
4、enot exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonrywhere protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more ofstone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.1.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish aredesired, these features shall be specified separately by thepurchaser.NOTE
5、1Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree ofburning; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until afterit has been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at thetime of purchase. The use of results f
6、rom testing of tileextracted from masonry structures for determining conform-ance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section3) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured fromclay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substa
7、nces andsubjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond betweenthe particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and firedbond in Terminology C 43.)1.4 The text of
8、 this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 43 Terminology of Structural Clay ProductsC 67 Test Me
9、thods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC 216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)3. Physical Properties3.1 Structural clay load-bearing wall tile shall conform tothe physical properties for the grade specified as prescribed inTable 1.3.2 Ti
10、le of Grade LBX shall be accepted under all condi-tions instead of Grade LB.3.3 End-construction tile are tile designed to be placed inthe wall with axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tileare tile designed to be placed in the wall with the axes of thecells horizontal. Where end-constructi
11、on tile are used on theside they shall conform to the requirements of side-construction tile and vice versa.3.4 Bonding tile shall be so designed as to provide recessesfor header brick courses when laid up in brick-faced walls.4. Number of Cells4.1 Load-bearing tile shall conform to the following re
12、-quirements for minimum number of cells (see Note 2) in thedirection of wall thickness (see Note 3 for approximate weightsof tile):NOTE 2Cells are hollow spaces enclosed within the perimeter of the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is
13、 the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previous edition appoved in 2001 as C 34 96 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,
14、orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
15、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.exterior shell, and having a minimum dimension of not less than12 in.(12.7 mm) and a cross-sectional area of not less than 1 in2(6.5 cm2).Fire-resistance regulations of governing codes should be checked as totype of tile required.Nominal Horizontal M
16、inimum Number ofThickness of CellsAin Direction ofTile as Laid in Wall, in. (mm) Wall Thickness4 (101.6) 16 (152.4) 18 (203.2) 210 (254.0) 212 (304.8) 3ACells are hollow spaces enclosed within the perimeter of the exterior shells,and having a minimum dimension of not less than12 in. (12.7 mm) and ac
17、ross-sectional area of not less than 1 in.2(6.5 cm2).Fire-resistance regulations of governing codes should be checked as to type oftile required.NOTE 3The following average masses of structural clay load-bearingwall tile are given only as information:Nominal HorizontalThickness of Tile asLaid in Wal
18、l, in. (mm)Average mass, lb/ft2(kg/m2) of tileA4 (101.6) 20 (97.6)6 (152.4) 30 (146.4)8 (203.2) 36 (175.7)10 (254.0) 42 (205.0)12 (304.8) 52 (253.8)AThe masses given in the above table are for scored tile. If any of the faces arenot scored the weights are increased 1 lb/ft2of unscored area.4.2 In do
19、uble-shell tile, the two voids between exterior andinterior shells on the sides of the tile shall be considered as onecell in thickness of wall when their combined width is not lessthan12 in. (12.7 mm) provided the short webs between theinner and outer shells are not greater in number of thicknessth
20、an the long transverse webs holding the inner shells.4.3 Re-entrant spaces not less than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in depthand not less than 1 in.2(6.5 cm2) in area, which form cellswhen the units are laid in the walls, shall be considered as cellsin the direction of wall thickness, but not in the units.5. Sh
21、ell and Web Thickness5.1 The average over-all thickness of the shells, measuredbetween the inner and extreme outer surfaces of end-construction load-bearing tile, shall be not less than34 in. (19mm) except that in double-shell tile the combined averageover-all thickness of the inner and outer shell
22、shall be not lessthan34 in. The thickness of the webs shall be not less than12in. (12.7 mm).5.2 The average over-all thickness of the shells, measuredbetween the inner and extreme outer surfaces of side-construction load-bearing tile, shall be not less than58 in. (15.8mm) except that in double-shell
23、 tile the combined averageover-all thickness of the inner and outer shells shall be not lessthan34 in. (19 mm). The thickness of the webs shall be not lessthan12 in. (12.7 mm).5.3 The width of any cell in side-construction tile, measuredin the direction of wall thickness, shall not exceed four and o
24、nehalf times the average over-all thickness of either the upper orlower bearing shell. If no cell in side-construction tile, mea-sured in the direction of the wall thickness, exceeds four timesthe average over-all thickness of either the upper or lowerbearing shell, the requirements for minimum shel
25、l and webthickness specified in 5.2 shall be waived.5.4 The thickness of bonding and other types of tile manu-factured for use in combination with brick or other materialsshall match the thickness required by construction require-ments.NOTE 4Purchasers and designers should ascertain the type and siz
26、e oftile, modular or nonmodular, available in the locality under considerationand should specify accordingly, stating the size and type represented bythe available tile.Modular sizes are designated by the specified nominal dimensionswhich are equal to the actual manufactured dimensions plus the thic
27、knessof one mortar joint, not to exceed12 in. (12.7 mm) (see Section 5.) Forexample, if the modular, specified, or nominal dimensions of a unit are 4by 8 by 12 in. (101.6 by 203.2 by 304.8 mm) the actual manufactureddimensions may be 312 by 712 by 1112 in. (88.9 by 190.5 by 292.1 mm).6. Permissible
28、Variations in Dimensions6.1 No over-all dimension shall vary more than 3 % over orunder the specified dimension for any form or size of tile.7. Finish7.1 The finish of the outer face or faces of tile shall beplaster-base finish or exposed wall finish as specified in theinvitation for bids.7.2 Surfac
29、es of tile for plaster-base finish shall be smooth,scored, combed, or roughened. When smooth, the tile shall befree of glaze and the absorption shall be not less than 5 % normore than 25 %. When scored, each groove shall be not lessthan116 in. (1.6 mm) nor more than14 in. (6.4 mm) in depth,and not m
30、ore than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width. The area coveredby the grooves shall not exceed 50 % of the area of the scoredfaces. When combed, the tile shall be scratched or scarified,prior to burning, by mechanical means which shall makescratches or scarifications on the surface of the tile not less than116
31、in., nor more than18 in. (3.2 mm) in depth, and not morethan14 in. apart. When roughened, the die skin on the face ofthe tile shall be entirely broken by mechanical means, such aswire cutting or wire brushing. (The die skin is visible withinthe cells of the tile.)7.3 Surfaces of tile with exposed fi
32、nish shall be smooth,combed, or roughened. Combed or roughened tile surfacesshall conform to the requirements for these finishes given in7.2.TABLE 1 Physical PropertiesGradeMaximum WaterAbsorptionAby 1-h Boiling, %Minimum Compressive Strength (Based on Gross Area),Bpsi (MPa)End Construction Tile Sid
33、e Construction TileAverage ofFive TestsIndividualAverage ofFive TestsIndividualAverage ofFive TestsIndividualLBX 16 19 1400 (9.6) 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)LB 25 28 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)AThe range in percentage absorption for tile delivered to any one job shall be not more tha
34、n 12.BGross area of a unit shall be determined by multiplying the horizontal face dimension of the unit as placed in the wall, by its thickness.C340328. Sampling and Testing8.1 The purchaser or his authorized representative shall beaccorded proper facilities for sampling and inspection of unitsboth
35、at the place of manufacture and at the site of the work. Atleast 10 days from the time of sampling is allowed forcompletion of the tests.8.2 Tile shall be sampled and tested in accordance with TestMethods C 67.9. Visual Inspection9.1 All tile shall be reasonably free of laminations and ofcracks, bli
36、sters, surface roughness, and other defects thatinterfere with the proper setting of the tile or impair thestrength or permanence of the construction.10. Rejection10.1 In case the shipment fails to conform to the require-ments for the grade specified, the manufacturer is permitted tosort it. New spe
37、cimens shall be selected by the purchaser fromthe retained lot and tested at the expense of the manufacturer.In case the second set of specimens fails to meet the require-ments, the entire lot shall be rejected.11. Expense of Tests11.1 Except as specified in Section 10, and unless otherwiseagreed, t
38、he expense of inspection and testing shall be borne bythe purchaser.12. Keywords12.1 clay; load-bearing tile; masonry construction; physicalproperties; shale; structural wall tile; tileSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of the following changes to this standard since C 3496
39、(2001) thatmay impact the use of this standard.(1) Non-mandatory wording in Section 4.1 was transferred toNote 2.(2) Wording in Sections 5.4, 7.2, 9.1, and 10.1 was revised tobe mandatory.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with an
40、y item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical
41、 committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration a
42、t a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
43、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C34033
