1、Designation: C412M 11Standard Specification forConcrete Drain Tile (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C412M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes
2、es indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers concrete drain tile with inter-nal diameters fr
3、om 100 to 900 mm, that are intended to be usedfor surface and subsurface drainage.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specifi-cation C412.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-tion only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelati
4、onship between field load condition and the strength classification ofdrain tile. However, experience has shown that the successful performanceof the product depends upon the proper selection of the class of drain tile,type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to theconst
5、ruction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlatethe field requirements with the class of drain tile specified and provide foror require inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for
6、Portland CementC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or Tile MetricC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989 Specificat
7、ion for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcrete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Drain tile manufactured according to this specificationshall be
8、of the following four classes:4.1.1 Standard-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended forland drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid intrenches of moderate depths and widths. Standard-Qualityconcrete drain tile are not recommended for use where internaldiameters in excess of 300 mm are requ
9、ired.4.1.2 Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for landdrainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in trenches ofconsiderable depths or widths, or both.4.1.3 Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, in-tended for land drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laidin trenches
10、of large depths or widths, or both.4.1.4 Special-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for landdrainage where special precautions are necessary for concretetile laid in soils that are markedly acid or contain unusualquantities of sulfates (see Section 7), and where the tile are laidin trenches of co
11、nsiderable depths or widths, or both.4.1.4.1 Where the calculated loads are in excess of thecrushing strengths prescribed in the physical requirements forextra-quality and special-quality concrete drain tile, tilestrengths must be specified in advance by the owner.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The accep
12、tability of drain tile shall be determined by (1)the results of the physical tests as specified in Section 8, and inTest Methods C497M,(2) measurements and inspection toascertain whether the tile conform to the requirements regard-ing dimensions, shape, and freedom from visible defects, and(3) the m
13、anufacturers certification in writing that the tile havebeen made in accordance with any special provisions, such as1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and I
14、rrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C412M 05a. DOI:10.1520/C0412M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
15、rg. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.strength, absorption, permeability, type of cement, admixture,cu
16、ring conditions, etc.5.2 The owner shall specify in writing the class or classes ofconcrete tile to be supplied, whether Standard-Quality, Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Quality. UnlessExtra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Qualityconcrete drain tile have been speci
17、fied, Standard-Quality draintile shall be accepted.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel hasbeen embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete acttogether.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement for sh
18、all conform to the require-ments for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, or slag-modified portlandcement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the re-quirements of Specification C595, except that the pozzolanconstituent in the Type IP portland-po
19、zzolan cement shall befly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitiou
20、s MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cemen
21、t and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not toexceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and groundgranulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight).6.3 Ag
22、gregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33, except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsOwner is not prohibited fromobtaining the record of mix design used.6.5 Synthetic FibersAt the manufacturers option, col-lated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fi
23、bers are not prohibitedfrom being used as a nonstructural manufacturing material.Only Type III synthetic fibers designed and manufacturedspecifically for use in concrete and conforming to the require-ments of Specification C1116 shall be used.7. Chemical Requirements7.1 Acid and Sulfate Resistance:7
24、.1.1 The owner is not prohibited from specifying specialrequirements in order to increase the durability of the drain tilein cases where the soils, soil waters, or drainage waters aremarkedly acid or contain moderate or severe quantities of soilsulfates. Without a specific agreement in advance, no d
25、rain tileshall be rejected by reason of its composition as determinedlater by chemical analyses.7.1.1.1 Soils or drainage waters with a pH of 6.0 or lowershall be considered to be markedly acid.7.1.1.2 Where the sulfates are chiefly sodium or magne-sium, singly or in combination, from 400 to 2000 pp
26、m in thesoil or drainage water, samples shall be considered to constitutemoderate sulfate quantities, while in excess of 2000 ppm shallbe considered to be severe sulfate quantities.7.1.2 Concrete drain tile that will be installed in markedlyacid soils shall meet the physical requirements given in th
27、etable for Special-Quality concrete drain tile.7.1.3 Tile that will be exposed to moderate or severe sulfatequantities (Note 2), if required by the owner, shall be specifiedto meet the physical requirements for Special-Quality concretedrain tile (8.3.4). Tile that will be exposed to moderate sulfate
28、quantities (Note 2) if required by the owner, shall be specifiedto be made with Portland Cement (C150) containing not morethan 8 % tricalcium aluminate (C3A). Tile that will be exposedto severe sulfate quantities (Note 2) if required by the owner,shall be specified to be made with Portland Cement (C
29、150)containing not more than 5 % C3A. If mutually agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and owner, other cements, as de-scribed in Section 6, that have been proven to be adequatelysulfate resistant shall be used.8. Physical Requirements8.1 Test SpecimensThe drain tile to be tested shall beselected at
30、random by the owner at the point or points specifiedin the order. If agreeable to the owner, the tile shall beinspected and tested in advance of shipment. Any additionalexpense for making tests and inspection in advance of ship-ment, shall be paid by the manufacturer.8.2 Standard SampleEach standard
31、 physical test shall bemade on five individual tile of each size ranging from 100-mmthrough 300-mm diameters; two individual tiles of each sizeranging from 350-mm through 600-mm diameters; or on onetile of each size exceeding 600 mm in diameter. The manufac-turer shall furnish tile without separate
32、charge up to 0.5 % ofeach size of the order. The owner shall pay for all the tile inexcess of 0.5 % of each size of the order at the same price aspaid for other tile of the same size and quality.8.3 External Load Crushing Strength Test Requirements:8.3.1 For Standard-Quality concrete drain tile, the
33、 three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirementsgiven in Table 1, Column A, where no absorption test isrequired, or the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shallmeet the requirements given in Table 1, Column B, where anabsorption test is required of the limits noted in Table 1.8.3.
34、2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given inTable 2, Column A, where no absorption test is required, or thethree-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the require-ments given in Table 2, Column B, where an absorption test
35、isrequired of the limits noted in Table 2.8.3.3 For Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, thethree-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the require-ments given in Table 3.C412M 1128.3.4 For Special-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requ
36、irements given inTable 4, or the higher specified load.NOTE 2To meet the crushing strength requirements shown in thetables, it is not prohibited to supply tile designed with increased wallthickness, high-strength concrete, or reinforcing, or a combination.8.4 Absorption Tests:NOTE 3Method A absorpti
37、on test is recommended for drain tilehaving diameters of 300 mm or less. When Method B absorption test isused, the absorption requirements shall be 0.5 % less than the Method Aabsorption requirements, as shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3,orTable4. Method B absorption procedure is described in Test
38、Methods C497M.8.4.1 For Standard-Quality concrete drain tile, the MethodA absorption test shall meet the requirements given in Table 1.No absorption tests are required if the strength requirements ofTable 1, Column A, are met.8.4.2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the Method Aabsorption test s
39、hall meet the requirements given in Table 2.No absorption tests are required if the strength requirements ofTable 2, Column A, are met.TABLE 1 Physical Test Requirements for Standard-Quality Concrete Drain TileInternal DesignatedDiameter, mmStandard-Quality Concrete Drain TileMaximum WallThickness f
40、orIndicated Strength,AmmThree-Edge-Bearing Crushing StrengthBMethod A AbsorptionMinimum Average,kN/linear mMinimum Average,kN/linear mMinimum forIndividual Tile,kN/linear mMaximumAverage, %Maximum forIndividual Tile,%AB100 . . 11.5 10.0 10 11125 14 13.0 11.5 10.0 10 11125 16 14.5 11.5 10.0 10 11150
41、16 13.0 11.5 10.0 10 11150 19 14.5 11.5 10.0 10 11200 19 13.0 11.5 10.0 10 11200 22 14.5 11.5 10.0 10 11250 22 13.0 11.5 10.0 10 11250 25 14.5 11.5 10.0 10 11300 25 13.0 11.5 10.0 10 11300C29 14.5 11.5 10.0 10 11AMaximum wall thickness for the indicated minimum average crushing strength. Column A, w
42、hen no absorption test is required.BDrain tile meeting the above strength requirements are not necessarily safe against cracking in deep and wide trenches.CTile with diameters greater than 300 mm shall meet the requirements specified in Table 2 for Extra-Quality, Table 3 for Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality
43、, or Table 4 forSpecial-Quality concrete drain tile.TABLE 2 Physical Test Requirements for Extra-Quality Concrete Drain TileInternal DesignatedDiameter, mmExtra-Quality Concrete Drain TileWallThickness,mmMaximum WallThickness forIndicatedStrength,AmmThree-Edge-Bearing Crushing StrengthBMethod A Abso
44、rptionMinimum Average,kN/linear mMinimum Average,kN/linear mmMinimum forIndividual Tile,kN/linear mMaximumAverage, %Maximum forIndividual Tile,%AB100 13 . . 16.0 14.5 9 10125 14 14 17.5 16.0 14.5 9 10125 14 16 19.0 16.0 14.5 9 10150 16 16 17.5 16.0 14.5 9 10150 16 19 19.0 16.0 14.5 9 10200 19 19 17.
45、5 16.0 14.5 9 10200 19 22 19.0 16.0 14.5 9 10250 22 . . 16.0 14.5 9 10300 25 . . 16.0 14.5 9 10350 29 . . 16.0 14.5 9 10375 32 . . 16.0 14.5 9 10400 35 . . 16.0 14.5 9 10450 38 . . 17.5 16.0 9 10500 41 . . 19.5 17.5 9 10550 44 . . 21.5 19.0 9 10600 50 . . 23.5 21.0 9 10650 54 . . 25.0 23.0 9 10700 6
46、0 . . 27.5 24.5 9 10750 63 . . 29.0 26.5 9 10800 66 . . 31.0 28.0 9 10850 72 . . 33.0 30.0 9 10900 75 . . 35.0 31.5 9 10AMaximum wall thickness for the indicated minimum average crushing strength. Column A, when no absorption test is required.BFor crushing strengths greater than or equal to those sh
47、own in the above table, it is not prohibited to supply tile designed with increased wall thickness, higher strengthconcrete, or reinforcing.C412M 1138.4.3 For Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, theMethod A absorption test shall meet the requirements given inTable 3.8.4.4 For Special-Quali
48、ty drain tile the MethodAabsorptiontest shall meet the requirements given in Table 4.8.4.5 Specimens for the Method A absorption tests shall beselected in accordance with the following provisions:8.4.5.1 For the tile with inside diameters of 300 mm or less,and lengths of 300 mm, the absorption test
49、shall be made onone full-length quarter segment taken from each of the five tilebroken in the strength test, constituting a standard sample asdefined in 8.2. By quarter segment is meant one of the fourpieces into which a tile usually breaks in the strength test. If atile breaks in such a manner that a satisfactory quarter segmentcannot be obtained, then the absorption test shall be made oftwo or more pieces that approximate the area of a quarter tileof that size selected so that both ends and the center portion ofthe tile are represented. The average absorption o
