1、Designation: C461 81 (Reapproved 2015)C461 17Standard Test Methods forMastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapor
3、barrierfinishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The test met
4、hods appear in the following order:SectionSampling 4Uniformity and Storage Stability 5Stability Under Freezing 6Density and Weight per Gallon 7Consistency 8Solids Content 9Content of Volatiles and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings 10Content of Volume Solids and Coverage of Mastics andCoatings10Build
5、11Sag Resistance (Build) 11Drying Time 12Flash Point 131.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
6、of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade
7、 Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC419 Practice for Making and Curing Test Specimens of Mastic Thermal Insulation CoatingsD56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD71 Test
8、 Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD217D1475 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating GreaseMethod For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks
9、, and RelatedProductsD2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational ViscometerD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of
10、ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on InsulationFinishes and Moisture.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015Sept. 1, 2017. Published December 2015September 2017. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20082015as C4
11、61 81 (2008).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/C0461-81R15.10.1520/C0461-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM websit
12、e.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior e
13、ditions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions o
14、f terms used in these test methods, see Terminology C168.4. Sampling4.1 Prior to opening or sampling, or both, any mastic or coating, its Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) should(SDS) shall bereviewed to ensure appropriate precautions or personal protective equipment, or both, are utilized.4.2 Take
15、the samples for laboratory examination from the original containers immediately after stirring to a uniform condition.Determine the number of containers sampled as required to represent a shipment in accordance with Practice D140. Restir thecomposite sample immediately before taking out portions for
16、 individual tests.5. Uniformity and Storage Stability5.1 Open the original containers and examine them for uniformity of contents. Record the degree of separation, if any, intoportions of appreciably different consistency, such as thick or thin layers, sedimentation or coagulation, etc., also of dif
17、ficultyencountered in stirring to a uniform condition.5.2 Examine the contents of a full container of not less than 1 qt (1 L) that has stood undisturbed for 48 h. Make notation ofany separation of solvent or water, coagulation, or settlement of suspended matter, that cannot be overcome by moderate
18、agitation.5.3 Additionally, if required, examine and report the condition in the container after 3 months storage, examining foruniformity in accordance with 5.1.6. Stability Under Freezing6.1 Fill a 1-pt (500-mL) press-top tin can three quarters full with the coating, and hold the filled and closed
19、 container in achamber at a temperature of 0 6 5F (18 6 3C) for a minimum of 12 h consecutively under natural convection conditions.6.2 At the expiration of the freezing period, permit the coating to warm to room temperature by exposure of the container tothe temperature of the laboratory for a mini
20、mum of 6 h.After the first operation of freezing and thawing, repeat the procedure twiceso that the coating will have been subjected to three cycles of freezing and thawing.6.3 After the completion of the third cycle, open the container, and note any separation of solvent or water, coagulation,settl
21、ement of suspended matter, or the presence of distinct layers, or a combination of these. If the compound cannot be renderedhomogeneous by moderate stirring at laboratory temperature, report that it has coagulated.7. Density and Weight per Gallon7.1 Apparatus:7.1.1 ContainerAny suitable container of
22、 known volume mayshall be used. 7.1.1.1 describes one such container.7.1.1.1 Brass Cylinder, short, about 3 in. (80 mm) high and 1.5 in. (40 mm) in diameter, with the inside bottom angles roundedis most convenient. Adjust the capacity of such a cylinder to hold 83.3 6 0.1 g of water at 77F (25C).7.2
23、 ProcedureCondition the sample at 77F (25C) and fill the tared container with a slight excess. In filling the container,take precautions to ensure that no air is entrapped, jarring or vibrating the container until no further change in volume occurs issatisfactory. Remove excess with a straightedge f
24、lush with the top of the container and wipe the outside of the container clean.Thenweigh the container and contents to within 60.5 g.7.2 CalculationsProcedureSubtract the weight of theRefer to Test Method D1475 empty container and divide the remainderby the capacity of the container in cubic centime
25、tres. The quotient is the density in grams per cubic centimetre which, multipliedby 83.3, gives the weight per gallon in pounds.for general procedure.7.2.1 If the cylinder described in 7.1.1.1 is used, the weight of the contents in grams, divided by 10, is the weight per gallonin pounds.8. Consisten
26、cy8.1 Refer to Test Method D217D2196 for apparatus and general procedure, with exceptions as noted in procedure.8.2 8.4.8.2 Thixotropic IndexIn a closed container bring to test temperature sufficient material to overfill the cup of the standardgrease worker. Do this either in an air bath or water ba
27、th, being careful if the latter is used not to permit water to enter the container.Transfer the material to the standard cup, occasionally jarring the cup sharply on a hard surface and using a spatula for filling toavoid the inclusion of air. Scrape off the excess material extending above the rim of
28、 the cup by moving the blade of the spatula,held inclined toward the direction of motion at an angle of 45 across the rim of the cup.Calculate the thixotropic index by dividingthe apparent viscosity at a low rotational speed by the viscosity at a speed ten times higher. Typical speed combinations ar
29、e 2 or2.5 and 20 rpm, 5 and 50 rpm, 6 and 60 rpm, but selection is subject to the agreement between the producer and user. The resultantviscosity ratio is an index of the degree of shear thinning over that range of rotational speed with higher ratios indicating greatershear thinning.C461 1728.3 Dete
30、rmine the cone-penetration reading in accordance with Section 5 of Test Method D217, with minimum time betweenfilling the cup and the reading to avoid temperature change of the sample. Report the average of the three tests to the nearest 0.1mm as the penetration of the sample.8.4 The practical limit
31、 of cone penetration is 375. If readings above this value are obtained, or if specified, an aluminum coneand shaft with a total weight of 50 g may be used in place of the 150-g cone and shaft specified in Test Method D217. If with thismodification, readings exceed a penetration of 375, consistency a
32、lternatively may be determined by Test Method D2196. Thehelipath stand and T-bar spindles may be used.9. Solids Content9.1 Weigh about 5 g of material to the nearest 0.01Refer to Test Method D2369 g into a weighed flat-bottom metal dish orcontainer (Note 1). Place the dish and its contents in an ove
33、n at 105 6 2C (220 6 5F) for 2 to 4 h, or until the material showsa loss of not greater than 0.02 g on successive hourly weighings; then cool in a desiccator and weigh.for apparatus and generalprocedures.NOTE 1A friction-top can plug, 50 to 80 mm in diameter, has been found convenient.9.2 From the w
34、eight of the dried residue and the weight of theSolids content by weight is synonymous to the nonvolatile matteras described in Test Method D2369original sample, calculate the percent nonvolatile matter10. Content of Volatiles Volume Solids and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings10.1 ScopeThis test met
35、hod covers the determination of the volume of volatile matterpercent volume solids (nonvolatilematter) and the coverage per unit of rate required to achieve a given dry film thickness of mastics and coatings. The volume ofvolatile matter is a mastic or coating. The volume solids are expressed as the
36、 percent of the original compound. The coverage isexpressed in square feet per gallongallons / 100 ft2 of coating as(liters / m2 received per 0.10 in. (2.5 mm) of dried film thickness.For supplementary procedures, refer to Test Method) to achieve a D71 and Sectiondesired dry film 7 of these testmeth
37、ods.thickness in inches.10.2 Test SpecimensTo determine the density of the cured film, use two or more test specimen portions three specimens atleast 1 by 1 in. (25.4 by 25.4 mm) in area and from films of the cut from a film with a wet thickness specified by the manufacturer.Prepare and cure these f
38、ilms on dextrin-coated paper as specified in Practice C419, or on cellophane or other suitable sheet materialthat can readily be removed after cure of the mastic or coating at room condition. Cure the film to constant weight at 150F (65C)and the paper removed before determination of density of the c
39、ured film (Ds) in accordance with Test Method D71.10.3 CalculationsFrom values for density of the coating as received (Section 7), and of the cured film, and the weight contentof solids (Section 9), calculate the volume of volatile matter percent volume solids as follows:V 51002Sv 51002Sw D1/Ds! (1)
40、Sv 5Sw D1 Ds! (1)where:Sv = volume of solids, %,Sw = weight of solids, % (Section 9),D1 = density of the coating as received (Section 7), andDs = density of the cured film.where:V = volume of volatile matter, %,Sv = volume of solids, %,Sw = weight of solids (Section 9),D1 = density of the coating as
41、 received, andDs = density of the cured film.10.3.1 Knowing the percent volume of volatilesolids, Sv matter, , V,calculate the coverage, expressed in square feet per gallonof coating as received per 0.10 in. (2.5 mm) of dried film thickness as follows:gallons per 100 square feet for a given dry film
42、thickness in inches.Coverage516 12V/100!# (2)Coverage 56233 t1 Sv! (2)EquivalentWetFilm Thickness5t1 Sv!*100 (3)where:t1 = desired dry film thickness in inches.C461 17311. Build Sag Resistance (Build)11.1 Application of the material to the test panels mayshall be in accordance with Practice C419, or
43、 to the thickness and by themethod to be followed in practice, such as spray, brush, or trowel. The compound shall be at 77 6 5F (25 6 3C) unless otherwisespecified such as for hot spray. Apply the material to 106 by 10-in. (2546-in. (152 by 254-mm)152-mm) smooth calcium silicateinsulation blocks, p
44、rimed or unprimed in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer, at a temperature of 77 6 5F. Otherinsulation types may be substituted, and shall be identified in the report. Mask the panel for 1 in. (25.4 mm) along the edges.Immediately after application remove the masking and suspend the
45、 panel in a vertical position in a room at 77 6 5F. After 1 hobserve the coating for any flow, slippage, and sagging. Record the maximum movement to the nearest 132 in. (0.8 mm).12. Drying Time12.1 Test the coated panel prepared in accordance with Section 11 at 50 % relative humidity at 15-min inter
46、vals to determinethe time required to set-to-touch, and at 30-min intervals to determine the time to reach practical hardness. The film is consideredto have set-to-touch when a light pressure of the finger shows no material adhering to the finger. Practical hardness is that conditionwhen firm pressu
47、re of the film between the thumb and the finger shows a slight tacky condition, but the film is not ruptured andnone of the coating adheres to the finger.13. Flash Point13.1 Refer to Method B of Test Methods D93.13.2 Alternatively, refer to Test Method D56.13.3 Alternatively, refer to Test Methods D
48、3278.14. Precision and Bias14.1 The precision and bias of the procedures detailed in this standard have not been determined.14.2 The precision and bias of the test methods identified herein in other ASTM test methods are as specified in those testmethods.15. Keywords15.1 coatings;coatings; consisten
49、cy; density; mastics; thermal insulationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withd
