1、Designation: C 591 08aStandard Specification forUnfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular PolyisocyanurateThermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the typ
3、es, physical properties,and dimensions of unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyiso-cyanurate plastic material intended for use as thermal insula-tion on surfaces from 297F (183C) to 300F (150C). Forspecific applications, the actual temperature limits shall beagreed upon by the manufacturer and purc
4、haser.1.2 This specification only covers “polyurethane modifiedpolyisocyanurate” thermal insulation which is commonly re-ferred to as “polyisocyanurate” thermal insulation. This stan-dard does not encompass all polyurethane modified materials.Polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate and other polyure-
5、thane materials are similar, but the materials will performdifferently under some service conditions.1.3 This standard is designed as a material specification, nota design document. Physical property requirements vary byapplication and temperature. At temperatures below - 70F(- 51C) the physical pro
6、perties of the polyisocyanurate insu-lation at the service temperature are of particular importance.Below - 70F (- 51C) the manufacturer and the purchasermust agree on what additional cold temperature performanceproperties are required to determine if the material can functionadequately for the part
7、icular application.1.4 Tables in theAnnexA1 address requirements of unfacedpreformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulationmanufactured with HCFC blowing agent.1.5 When adopted by an authority having jurisdiction, codesthat address fire properties in many applications regulate theuse of
8、the thermal insulation materials covered by this speci-fication. Fire properties are controlled by job, project, or otherspecifications where codes or government regulations do notapply.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathe
9、maticalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and hea
10、lth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Propertiesof Thermal InsulationsC 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Me
11、asure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 272 Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materialsfor Structural Sandwich ConstructionsC 303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC 335 Test Method fo
12、r Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-ties of Pipe InsulationC 390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flo
13、w Meter ApparatusC 550 Test Method for Measuring Trueness and Squarenessof Rigid Block and Board Thermal InsulationC 585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of RigidThermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing(NPS System)C 871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of ThermalInsulation Mat
14、erials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride,Silicate, and Sodium IonsC 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal TransmissionProperties Under Steady-State ConditionsC 1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulati
15、on and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 onOrganic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 591 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit th
16、e ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
17、United States.and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal InsulationC 1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC 1303 Test Method for Predicting Long-Term ThermalResistance of Closed-Cell Foam InsulationC 1363 Test Method for Thermal Perfo
18、rmance of BuildingMaterials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a HotBox ApparatusD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties Of RigidCellular PlasticsD 1622 Test Method forApparent Density of Rigid CellularPlasticsD 1623 Test Method for Tensile and Tensile Ad
19、hesionProperties of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD 2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plasticsto Thermal and Humid AgingD 2856 Test Method for Open-Cell Content of Rigid Cel-lular Plastics by the Air Pycnometer3D 6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cel-lular PlasticsE84 Test Metho
20、d for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterials3. Terminology3.1 For descriptions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminologies C 168 and D 883.3.2 The term polyisocyanurate does not encompass allpolyurethane con
21、taining materials (see 1.2).3.3 The term “core specimen” refers to representativesamples cut in accordance with the sampling procedure listedwithin each property test method.4. Classification4.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation covered by this specification is c
22、lassified into sixtypes as follows:4.1.1 Type ICompressive resistance of 20 lb/in2(137kPa), minimum.4.1.2 Type IVCompressive resistance of 22 lb/in2(150kPa), minimum.4.1.3 Type IICompressive resistance of 35 lb/in2(240kPa), minimum.4.1.4 Type IIICompressive resistance of 45 lb/in2(310kPa), minimum.4
23、.1.5 Type VCompressive resistance of 80 lb/in2(550kPa), minimum.4.1.6 Type VICompressive resistance of 125 lb/in2(862kPa), minimum.4.2 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation covered by this specification is classified intotwo grades as follows:3Withdrawn. The last app
24、roved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.TABLE 1 Physical Property RequirementsAGrade 1: Operating Temperature Range -70F (-51C) to 300F (149C)Property Type I Type IV Type II Type III Type V Type VIDensity, min lb/ft3(kg/m3) 1.8 (29) 2.0 (32) 2.5 (40) 3.0 (48) 4.0 (60)
25、6.0 (96)Compressive resistance at 10 % deformationor yield whichever occurs first, parallel torise, min, lb/in2(kPa)20 (137) 22 (150) 35 (240) 45 (310) 80 (550) 125(862)Apparent thermal conductivity, maxBtu-in/h-ft2F (W/m-K),at a mean temperature of:-100F (-73C) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .18
26、(.026) .18 (.026) .19 (.027)-50F (-46C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)0F (-17C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)50F (10C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)75F (24C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .2
27、1 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)150F (66C) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .25 (.036) .25 (.036) .26 (.037)200F (93C) .27 (.039) .27 (.039) .27 (.039) .28 (.040) .28 (.040) .30 (.044)Water absorption, max, % by volume 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8Water vapor permeability, max, perm-in (ng/Pa-s-m) 4.0 (5.8)
28、 4.0 (5.8) 3.5 (5.1) 3.0 (4.4) 2.5 (3.7) 2.0 (2.9)Dimensional stability, max % linear change158 + 4F (70 + 2C), 97 + 3 % relative humidity 44444440 + 6F (40+ 3C), ambient relative humidity 111111212 + 4F (100 + 2C), ambient relative humidity 222222Closed cell content, min 90 90 90 90 90 90Hot-surfac
29、e performance, at 300F (149C)BPass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassAThis specification does not purport to address all the performance issues associated with its use. it is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate performance criteria.BPass/fail criteria found in 12.4.C 591 08
30、a24.2.1 Grade 1Service temperature range of - 70F (- 51C)and 300F (150C).4.2.2 Grade 2Service temperature range of - 297F(- 183C) and 300F (150C).5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for materials purchased under this specificationshall include the following:5.1.1 Designation of this specification and
31、year of issue,5.1.2 Product name or type, or both,5.1.3 Apparent thermal conductivity and specific thicknessrequired,5.1.4 Product dimensions,5.1.5 Quantity of material,5.1.6 Special packaging or marking, if required, and5.1.7 Special requirements for inspection or testing, or both.6. Materials and
32、Manufacture6.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation is produced by the polymerization of polymericpolyisocyanates in the presence of polyhydroxyl compounds,catalysts, cell stabilizers, and blowing agents.6.2 The material covered by this specification shall besupplie
33、d in “bun” form or finished board stock or specialshapes as agreed upon by the manufacturer and end-user.7. Physical Properties7.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1 or Table 2.7.2 Polyisocyanurate thermal insulati
34、on is an organic mate-rial and is combustible. Do not expose this insulation to flamesor other ignition sources. The fire performance of the materialshall be addressed through fire test requirements established bythe appropriate governing authority. The manufacturer shall becontacted for specific da
35、ta as fire performance characteristicwill vary with grade, type, and thickness.7.3 Not all physical properties at temperature below - 70F(-51C) have been fully tested. Where these properties arecritical, the user shall consult the manufacturer for propertiesand performance at these lower temperature
36、s.8. Dimensions and Tolerances8.1 The dimensions shall be as agreed upon by the pur-chaser and the supplier. Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation iscommonly available in lengths up to 144 in. (3.66 mm), widthsup to 48 in. (1.22 m), and thicknesses from 0.5 in. (13 mm) to24 in. (610 mm).8.2 Insulation
37、 Board:8.2.1 Dimensional tolerances for boards shall be as follows:Dimension Tolerance, in. (mm)Length 618 (3.2)Width 6116 (1.6)Thickness 6132 (0.8)8.2.2 Edge TruenessDetermine in accordance with TestMethod C 550.The maximum deviation from the edge truenessshall not be greater than132 in/ft (2.6 mm/
38、m) of length orwidth.8.2.3 Face TruenessDetermine in accordance with TestMethod C 550. The maximum deviation from flatness shall notbe greater than116 in/ft (5.2 mm/m) of length or width.TABLE 2 Physical Property RequirementsGrade 2: Operating Temperature Range -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C)Property T
39、ype IV Type II Type III Type V Type VIDensity, min lb/ft3(kg/m3) 2.0 (32) 2.5 (40) 3.0 (48) 4.0 (60) 6.0 (96)Compressive resistance at 10 % deformationor yield whichever occurs first, parallel torise, min, lb/in2(kPa)22 (150) 30 (240) 45 (310) 80 (550) 125 (862)Apparent thermal conductivity, maxBtu-
40、in/h-ft2F (W/m-K),at a mean temperature of:-200F (-129C) .13 (.019) .13 (.019) .14 (.020) .14 (.020) .15 (.022)-150F (-101C) .15 (.022) .15 (.022) .16 (.023) .16 (.023) .17 (.025)-100F (-73C) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .18 (.026) .18 (.026) .19 (.027)-50F (-46C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029
41、) .21 (.030)0F (-17C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)50F (10C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)75F (24C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)150F (66C) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .25 (.036) .25 (.036) .26 (.037)200F (93C) .27 (.039) .27 (.039
42、) .28 (.040) .28 (.040) .30 (.044)Water absorption, max, % by volume 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8Water vapor permeability, max, perm-in (ng/Pa-s-m) 4.0 (5.8) 3.5 (5.1) 3.0 (4.4) 2.5 (3.7) 2.0 (2.9)Dimensional stability, max % linear change158 + 4F (70 + 2C), 97 + 3 % relative humidity 4444440 + 6F (40+ 3C),
43、ambient relative humidity 11111212 + 4F (100 + 2C), ambient relative humidity 22222Closed cell content, min 90 90 90 90 90Hot-surface performance, at 300F (149C)APass Pass Pass Pass PassAPass/fail criteria found in 12.4.C 591 08a38.2.4 Corner SquarenessDetermine in accordance withTest Method C 550.
44、The maximum deviation from cornersquareness shall not be greater than18 in. (3.2 mm) for allboard thicknesses.8.2.5 Edge SquarenessDetermine in accordance with TestMethod C 550. The maximum deviation from edge squarenessshall not be greater that116 in. (1.6 mm) for all boardthicknesses.8.3 Pipe Insu
45、lation:8.3.1 Material supplied for pipe insulation shall have di-mensions and tolerances that are in accordance with PracticeC 585.9. Workmanship and Appearances9.1 The polyisocyanurate thermal insulation shall have nodefects that will adversely affect its service qualities.10. Sampling10.1 Unless o
46、therwise specified, the polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation shall be sampled and inspected for acceptance ofmaterial in accordance with Practice C 390.10.2 Inspection Requirements:10.2.1 The requirements for density shown in Table 1, thedimensional requirements described in Section 8, and theworkma
47、nship and appearance requirements described in Sec-tion 9 are defined as inspection requirements (refer to PracticeC 390).10.3 Qualification Requirements:10.3.1 The physical requirements shown in Table 1 andTable 2 except density are defined as qualification requirements(refer to Practice C 390). De
48、nsity is defined as an inspectionrequirement.11. Specimen Preparation11.1 A period of at least 72 h shall elapse from the time ofmanufacture of the polyisocyanurate thermal insulation untilcutting of any test specimens. The core test specimens shall becut from the cores of the test samples as requir
49、ed for testing.11.2 Unless otherwise specified, the test specimens shall beconditioned at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for at least 12 h prior to testing.12. Test Methods12.1 DensityDetermine in accordance with Test MethodD 1622 or C 303.12.2 Compressive ResistanceDetermine in accordancewith Test Method C 165, Procedure A or Test Method D 1621,Procedure A at a crosshead speed of 0.1 in/min (2.5 mm/min)for each 1 in. (25 mm) of specimen thickness. See Note
