1、2011年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 “This light is too_for me to read by. Dont we have a brighter bulb?“ said the elderly man. （ A） dim （ B） slight （ C） mild （ D） minute 2 Mr. Smith asked his secretary to_a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing. （ A） invade （ B） install
2、 （ C） insert （ D） inject 3 We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be_and go another day. （ A） probable （ B） reliable （ C） flexible （ D） feasible 4 The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen_into human nature. （ A） intellect （ B） insight （ C） perception （ D） understandin
3、g 5 The brave fireman had fought for days before they managed to_the forest fire. （ A） put on （ B） put up with （ C） put off （ D） put out 6 For these reasons, the newspaper is having_problems in the north of the country. （ A） distribution （ B） regulation （ C） recognition （ D） destruction 7 During the
4、 past years the_of automobiles accidents in New York City has decreased. （ A） degree （ B） quantity （ C） number （ D） amount 8 The most_students do additional reading to supplement the material in the textbook. （ A） gifted （ B） sensitive （ C） proficient （ D） diligent 9 They gained great influence by_t
5、hemselves to prominent city institutions. （ A） detaching （ B） assigning （ C） dispatching （ D） attaching 10 She always handled the problems_her own experience and principles. （ A） in the light of （ B） in the event of （ C） in the face of （ D） in the course of 11 All parts of this sewing machine are_so
6、 that it is very simple to get replacements for them. （ A） maximized （ B） minimized （ C） optimized （ D） standardized 12 At a press conference after the award ceremony, the 18-year-old girl spoke in a barely_ voice. （ A） audible （ B） optional （ C） legible （ D） identical 13 Why does a vegetarian resta
7、urant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except_? （ A） ingredients （ B） elements （ C） components （ D） compounds 14 He became_with the girl reporter who questioned him at the press conference. （ A） observed （ B） obsessed （ C） notified （ D） troubled 15 According to prominent philosopher, intol
8、erance is a/an_to understanding. （ A） barrier （ B） improvement （ C） foundation （ D） approach 二、 Cloze 15 The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage【 C1】 _in the United States about 9 new marriages for ever
9、y 1000 people is【 C2】 _higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is【 C3】 _as widespread as it was several decades ago. 【 C4】 _of American adults who are married【 C5】_from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remai
10、n unmarried【 C6】 _their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some 【 C7】 _in their lives. Experts【 C8】 _that about the same proportion of todays young adults will【 C9】_marry. The timing of marriage has varied【 C10】 _over the past century. In 1995 the average ag
11、e of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25. The【 C11】 _age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry for the first time an average of five years later than people【 C12】 _in the 1950s. 【 C13】 _young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any p
12、revious【 C14】 _in US history. Todays later age of marriage is【 C15】 _the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater【 C16】 _of the population was married(95 percent)during the 1950s than at any time before 【 C17】 _. Experts do not agree【 C18】 _why the “marriage rush“ of the late 1940s
13、 and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a【 C19】 _to the return of peaceful and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic【 C20】 _and war. 16 【 C1】 （ A） rat （ B） ration （ C） percentage （ D） poll 17 【 C2】 （ A） potentially （ B） intentionally （ C） randomly （ D） substanti
14、ally 18 【 C3】 （ A） not any longer （ B） no more （ C） no longer （ D） not any more 19 【 C4】 （ A） A proportion （ B） The proportion （ C） The number （ D） A number 20 【 C5】 （ A） declined （ B） deteriorated （ C） deduced （ D） demolished 21 【 C6】 （ A） past （ B） passing （ C） throughout （ D） through 22 【 C7】 （ A
15、） period （ B） level （ C） point （ D） respect 23 【 C8】 （ A） project （ B） plan （ C） promise （ D） propose 24 【 C9】 （ A） eventually （ B） actually （ C） finally （ D） obviously 25 【 C10】 （ A） unexpectedly （ B） irregularly （ C） flexibly （ D） consistently 26 【 C11】 （ A） general （ B） average （ C） top （ D） low
16、27 【 C12】 （ A） do （ B） does （ C） did （ D） were 28 【 C13】 （ A） Beside （ B） However （ C） Whereas （ D） Nevertheless 29 【 C14】 （ A） descendants （ B） ascendants （ C） population （ D） generation 30 【 C15】 （ A） according to （ B） in line with （ C） based on （ D） caused by 31 【 C16】 （ A） part （ B） proportion （
17、 C） percentage （ D） section 32 【 C17】 （ A） and after （ B） or after （ C） or since （ D） ever since 33 【 C18】 （ A） with （ B） about （ C） on （ D） for 34 【 C19】 （ A） refusal （ B） realization （ C） response （ D） reality 35 【 C20】 （ A） repression （ B） aggression （ C） restriction （ D） depression 三、 Reading Co
18、mprehension 35 According to Scott Adams, creator of the comic strip(系列漫画 )Dilbert, the annual performance review is “one of the most frightening and weakening experiences in every employees life“, Adams stories and comic figures poke fun at the workplace, but his characterization of peoples feelings
19、 about the annual performance review has its serious side. Although a recent study of 437 companies indicates that effective annual performance reviews can help raise profits, most employees of those companies hate them. In theory, annual performance reviews are constructive and positive interaction
20、s between managers and employees working together to attain maximum performance and strengthen the organization. In reality, they often create division, undermine morale, and spar anger and jealousy. Thus, although the object of the annual performance review is to improve performance, it often has t
21、he opposite result. A programmer at an IT firm was stunned to learn at her annual performance review that she was denied a promotion because she wasnt a “team player“. What were the data used to make this judgment? She didnt smile in the company photo. Although this story might sound as if it came s
22、traight out of Dilbert, it is a true account of one womans experience. By following a few ideas and guidelines from industry analysis, this kind of ordeal can be avoided. To end the year with a positive and useful performance review, managers and employees must start the year by working together to
23、establish clear goals and expectations. It may be helpful to allow employees to propose a list of people associated with the company who will be in a good position to assess their performance at the end of the year, these people may be co-workers, suppliers, or even customer. Goals should be measura
24、ble but flexible, and everyone should sign off on the plan. By checking employees progress at about nine months, managers can give them a chance to correct mistakes and provide guidance to those who need it before the year is out. When conducting the reviews, managers should highlight strengths and
25、weaknesses during the past year and discuss future responsibilities, avoiding punishment or blame. In short, when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on what they can do better in the year ahead, not worrying about what went into their files about the past. 36 In his c
26、omic strip Dilbert, Scott Adams_. （ A） makes fun of working people （ B） tells a story about a woman employee （ C） promotes team spirit among co-workers （ D） mocks annual performance reviews 37 All the following are mentioned as the drawbacks of annual performance reviews EXCEPT_. （ A） reducing effic
27、iency （ B） creating tension （ C） undermining moral （ D） inducing anger 38 The word “ordeal“ in Para. 3 probably refers to_. （ A） likelihood of promotion （ B） depressive experience （ C） poor performance （ D） unrealistic expectation 39 The annual performance reviews, to be effective, must focus on_. （
28、 A） making employees aware of their companys future goal （ B） involving employees in assessing their own performance （ C） encouraging employees to achieve better future performance （ D） highlighting what responsibilities employees have failed in 40 The general attitude of the author toward Adams com
29、ic strip Dilbert is_. （ A） negative （ B） positive （ C） neutral （ D） nuclear 40 Tattoos didnt spring up with the biker gangs and rockn roll bands. Theyve been around for a long time and had many different meanings over the course of history. For years, scientists believed that Egyptians and Nubians;
30、were the first people to tattoo their bodies. Then, in 1991, a mummy was discovered, dating back to the Bronze Age of about 3,300 B.C. “The Iceman,“ as the specimen was called, had several markings on his body, including a cross on the inside of his knee and lines on his ankle and back. It is believ
31、ed these tattoos were made in a curative effort. Being so advanced, the Egyptians reportedly spread the practice of tattooing throughout the world. The pyramid-building third and fourth dynasties of Egypt developed international nations with Crete, Greece, Persia and Arabia. The art tattooing stretc
32、hed out all the way to Southeast Asia by 2,000 B.C. Around the same time, the Japanese became interested in the art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical ones. The Japanese tattoo artists were the undisputed masters. Their use of colors, perspective, and imaginative designs g
33、ave the practice a whole new angle. During the first millennium A.D., Japan adopted Chinese culture in many aspects and confined tattooing to branding wrongdoers. In the Balkans, the Thracians had a different use for the craft. Aristocrats, according to Herodotus, used it to show the world their soc
34、ial status. Although early Europeans dabbled with tattooing, they truly rediscovered the art from when the world exploration of the post-Renaissance made them seek out new cultures. It was their meeting with Polynesian that introduced them to tattooing. The word, in fact is derived from the Polynesi
35、an word tattau, which means “to mark“. Most of the early uses of tattoos were ornamental. However, a number of civilizations had practical applications for this craft. The Goths, a tribe of Germanic barbarians famous for pillaging Roman settlements, used tattoos to mark their slaves. Romans did the
36、same with slaves and criminals. In Tahiti, tattoos were a rite of passage and told the history of the persons life. Reaching adulthood, boys got one tattoo to commemorate the event. Men were marked with another style when they got married. Later, tattoos became the souvenir of choice for globe-trott
37、ing sailors. Whenever they would reach an exotic locale, they would get a new tattoo to mark the occasion. A dragon was a famous style that meant the sailor had reached a “China station“. At first, sailors would spend their free time on the ship tattooing themselves and their mates. Soon after, tatt
38、oo parlors were set up in the area, surrounding ports worldwide. In the middle of the 19th century, police officials believed that half of the criminal underworld in New York City had tattoos. Port areas were renowned for being rough places full of sailors that were guilty of some crime of another.
39、This is most likely how tattoos got such a bad reputation and became associated with rebels and criminals. 41 What is tattoo? （ A） A skill of making sculpture （ B） An art of body painting （ C） A branch of science for conserving ancient building （ D） A way of recording history 42 Tattoo can be traced
40、 back to as early as_. （ A） the middle of the 19th century （ B） the year 1991 when a mummy was discovered （ C） 2000 B.C. （ D） 3300 B.C. 43 In Japan, tattoos were accepted as_. （ A） a means of ornament （ B） a symbol of magical power （ C） a way of communication （ D） a sign of success 44 Which one of t
41、he following statement is true according to the passage? （ A） Both China and Japan confined tattooing to marking criminals. （ B） Romans used tattoos for decoration. （ C） Sailors took tattoos as the gift for their friends and relatives. （ D） Tattoo parlors were usually found in downtown areas. 45 Why
42、 did tattoos become associated with rebels and criminals in New York? （ A） Because in the middle of the 19th century, criminals were usually tattooed by the government. （ B） Because sailors had tattoos and some of the sailors were guilty of some crime or another. （ C） Because tattoos were the marks
43、for the members of certain organizations. （ D） Because port authorities required the sailors to war tattoos. 45 Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the Univers
44、ity of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “the secrets would be littered with people lying here and there:“ Though the pubic increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairma
45、n of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natural pesticide. Says he, “since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.“ And many naturally produced chemicals, thou
46、gh occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens a substance that can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “Weve got far worse na
47、tural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.“ Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take i
48、n too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably ge
49、t cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most importantly, con
