1、2012年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 He was unable to endure the torture of the enemy and surrendered. He_his comrades. （ A） revealed （ B） exposed （ C） suspended （ D） betrayed 2 One the side of the hill, there is a_which was once the entrance to a gold mine. （ A） deep hole in ground
2、 （ B） deep hole in the ground （ C） hole deep in ground （ D） deep in the ground hole 3 Shes got so_to light music that it has become a constant companion of her life. （ A） use to listen （ B） used in listening （ C） used to listen （ D） used to listening 4 Classroom testing, if well done, most certainly
3、_a stimulus to study and real learning. （ A） acts for （ B） acts as （ C） acts on （ D） acts to 5 I feel quite confident in_Mr. Jackson to you for the vacant post of research assistant. （ A） submitting （ B） recalling （ C） proclaiming （ D） recommending 6 A poor man has to_many things which a rich man re
4、gards as almost necessaries in life. （ A） go through （ B） go over （ C） go without （ D） go about 7 One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been_ with the theoretical aspects of the subject. （ A） embraced （ B） adjusted （ C） alternated （ D） integrated 8 Topics of
5、 conversation should be_to the experiences and interests of the students. （ A） rigid （ B） relevant （ C） rigorous （ D） remarkable 9 They did considerable work to_the masses of the United States with the elementary problems of Latin America. （ A） instruct （ B） impart （ C） acquaint （ D） dictate 10 Only
6、 the Chinese have successfully_pandas and raised their babies in captivity. （ A） bred （ B） exerted （ C） expanded （ D） availed 11 The purpose of the official inquiry is to_the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea. （ A） come at （ B） come into （ C） come for （ D） come over 12 The chairman m
7、ade a(n)_statement before beginning the main business of the meeting. （ A） intensive （ B） preliminary （ C） intermediate （ D） operational 13 Only in recent years_begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm. （ A） people have （ B） have people （ C） since people have
8、 （ D） people who have 14 At the last committee meeting, the notion that the club_open until midnight was defeated. （ A） remains （ B） remained （ C） remain （ D） would remain 15 I dont think Johnson will succeed in his new job, for he is not_to do that type of work. （ A） compatible （ B） consistent （ C）
9、 convenient （ D） competent 二、 Cloze 15 From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When human first【 C1】 _, they were like newborn children, unable to use this【 C2】 _tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities fo
10、r human kinds future【 C3】 _and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is【 C4】 _for our ability to produce and use language. They【 C5】 _that our highly evolved brain provides us with an【 C6】 _language ability not found in lower organisms. Supports of this innateness theory s
11、ay that our【 C7】 _for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, as a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical【 C8】 _times for language development. Current【 C9】 _of innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence【 C10】_the existence of
12、some innate abilities is undeniable. Indeed, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in【 C11】 _grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being【 C12】 _to them, while adults have a much【 C13】 _time learning another language once the rules of their
13、 first language have become firmly fixed. 【 C14】 _some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been【 C15】 _from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 【 C16】 _with other human beings is necessary fo
14、r proper language. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 【 C17】 _than any innate capacities. These theorist view language【 C18】 _imitative, learned behavior. 【 C19】_children learn language form their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their childs lang
15、uage skills by 【 C20】 _reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones. 16 【 C1】 （ A） generated （ B） evolved （ C） born （ D） originated 17 【 C2】 （ A） valuable （ B） appropriate （ C） convenient （ D） favorite 18 【 C3】 （ A） attainments （ B） feasibility （ C） entertainment （ D） evo
16、lution 19 【 C4】 （ A） essential （ B） available （ C） reliable （ D） responsible 20 【 C5】 （ A） confirm （ B） inform （ C） claim （ D） convince 21 【 C6】 （ A） innate （ B） basic （ C） inspiring （ D） outgoing 22 【 C7】 （ A） potential （ B） performance （ C） preference （ D） passion 23 【 C8】 （ A） ideological （ B） bi
17、ological （ C） social （ D） psychological 24 【 C9】 （ A） reviews （ B） reference （ C） reaction （ D） recommendation 25 【 C10】 （ A） opposing （ B） supporting （ C） encouraging （ D） discouraging 26 【 C11】 （ A） various （ B） different （ C） the higher （ D） the lower 27 【 C12】 （ A） revealed （ B） exposed （ C） eng
18、aged （ D） involved 28 【 C13】 （ A） hard （ B） easy （ C） harder （ D） easier 29 【 C14】 （ A） Although （ B） Whether （ C） Since （ D） When 30 【 C15】 （ A） distinguished （ B） compared （ C） isolated （ D） interacted 31 【 C16】 （ A） exposition （ B） comparison （ C） requirement （ D） alternative 32 【 C17】 （ A） acqui
19、sition （ B） appreciation （ C） requirement （ D） connection 33 【 C18】 （ A） to be （ B） into （ C） as （ D） of 34 【 C19】 （ A） As a result （ B） After all （ C） In other words （ D） Above all 35 【 C20】 （ A） negatively （ B） positively （ C） negative （ D） positive 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Television that most
20、 pervasive(遍布的 )and persuasive of modern of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth is moving into a new era, and era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marri
21、age of television and computer technologies. The word “television“, derived from its Greek(tele: distant)and Latin(vision: sight)roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way; through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the
22、 capability of converting an image(focused on a special photoconductive(光电导的 )plate within a camera)into electronice impulses, which can be sent through a wire or a cable. These impulses when fed into a receiver(television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image. Televisi
23、on is more than just an electronics system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, th
24、ere is broadcast television, which reached the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provided for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques. Traditionally, televisi
25、on has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the
26、 major purveyors(传播者 )of the news, information and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have not only shaped television but our perception(感觉 )as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer. 36 Wi
27、th which topic is the passage primarily concerned? （ A） recent changes in modern technology （ B） the marriage of broadcasting giants （ C） the role of television in todays society （ D） the content of broadcast television programs 37 The word “put“(2nd sentence of 2nd Para.)could best be replaced by w
28、hich of the following? （ A） expressed （ B） asked （ C） placed （ D） inserted 38 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a function of electronics in television transmissions? （ A） the conversion of image into electronic impulses （ B） the sending of impulses through a wire cable （ C）
29、the changing of one image into another image （ D） the feeding of impulses into a receiver 39 What field of television is intended for specific groups? （ A） broad-based （ B） reconstituted （ C） traditional （ D） non-broadcast 40 Which of the following statements about the relationship between televisio
30、n and its viewers can best be inferred from the passage? （ A） Viewers do not take an active role in watching television. （ B） Viewers would prefer increased news coverage. （ C） Viewers like to use television the reach other human beings. （ D） Viewers are grown tired of television. 40 Got milk? Be ve
31、ry afraid. Or, preferably, a bit skeptical. Some folks are about to try to convince you that milk is toxic. But the real question is, whats more dangerous to your health; milk, or celebrities and activists embarked on the latest trendy crusade(改革 )? This month marks the publicity-pumped debut of the
32、 Anti Dairy Coalition, a band of physicians, self-described “Holly-wood personalities“ and others who deery what they call “the health and nutritional risks of consuming dairy products.“ The coalition, including its spokes-Jeremiah, writer George Plimpton, would have you believe that milk causes hea
33、rt disease, caner, infections, asthma, allergies and tuberculosis. Robert Cohen, founder of the ADC(and author of Milk: The Deadly Poison), writes: “The Fountain of Youth and cure to illness can be obtained by giving up milk.“ Hyperbole aside, the ADC is spotlighting a question hotly debated by ever
34、yone from nutritionists to parents. Many patients ask doctors whether they should give up milk, like that supermodel they saw interviewed on TV. And to be sure, the ADCs overwrought claims do have some scientific basis. Take heart disease, Foods like butter, cheese, ice cram and milk are packed with
35、 saturated fat(饱和脂肪 ), which blocks arteries(动脉 )and can lead to heart attacks. Thats why most nutritionists advise switching to low-fat or skim milk and eating more yogurt and cottage cheese than Haagen-Dazs and Bric. Even skim milk, though, can trigger allergies in some people, including infants,
36、who in any case will get more iron and other key nutrient form breast milk or formula. So must you flee from milk entirely? Yes, says Cohen, who holds that skim milk is the devils brew. Its full of are you sitting down? protein. And heres where the ADC starts twisting the facts to reach wild conclus
37、ions, Allergies are frequently triggered by proteins(true); asthma is an allergic condition(true); its been increasing dramatically(true); doctors dont know the cause(true); therefore, the protein in milk must be the culprit(罪魁祸首 )? A similar leap of illogic assumes that because women in the Netherl
38、ands, Denmark, Norway and Sweden consume lots of milk and also suffer high rates of breast cancer, the former must cause the latter, Another clunker is Cohens claim that widespread lactose intolerance(乳糖不耐受 ) the inability to digest dairy products means milk is of little use as a source of calcium.
39、In fact, many cases of lactose intolerance are mild and interfere only slightly with calcium uptake. Many people intolerant of milk can easily digest yogurt, and lactase tablets(乳糖分解酵素片 )can make dairy products digestible even in severe cases. If milk isnt the perfect food, its still got some big th
40、ings going for it. Its an inexpensive source of calcium, protein, potassium and other vitamins and minerals, And unlike other sources of calcium, such as, say, steamed kale, milk is a food kids will eat. The ADC feels that milk is the root of most human maladies(疾病 ), but I can point to other single
41、-issue obsessive who insist the villain is meat or wheat or sugar or some other substance that our species has long and happily consumed, I often learn something by examining their claims, But I keep coming back to the mainstream nutritionists, who emphasize a balanced diet and advise moderation in
42、all things. 41 The ADC holds that milk will cause the following diseases EXCEPT_. （ A） breast cancer （ B） diabetes （ C） heart disease （ D） lung disease 42 The writer thinks that milk_. （ A） is toxic and we should give it up （ B） is very nutritious and we should consume it as much as possible （ C） is
43、 the most ideal food （ D） has its pluses and minuses and we should consume it sensibly 43 It is clear from the passage that_. （ A） the writer is of the same opinion about milk with the ADC （ B） the writer regards milk as the root of most human diseases （ C） the writer advises people to stay out of t
44、rouble with milk （ D） the writers opinion about milk differs greatly form the ADCs 44 According to the passage, if you suffer from lactose intolerance_ （ A） you had better give up milk entirely （ B） you should have less milk every day （ C） you can take lactase which catalyzes(催化 )lactose into glucos
45、e(葡萄糖 )and galaclose （ D） you must see a doctor at once 45 We can conclude from the passage that the writer is_., （ A） an unprejudiced person （ B） an opinionated person （ C） a worldly person （ D） a wise but peculiar person 45 Mathematical ability and musical ability may not seem on the surface to be
46、 connected, but people who have researched the subject and studied the brain say that they are. Research for my book “Late-Talking Children“ drove home the point to me. Three quarters of the bright but speech-delayed children in the group I studied had a close relative who was an engineer, mathemati
47、cian or scientist and four fifths had a close relative who played a musical instrument. The children themselves usually took readily to math and other analytical subjects and to music. Black, white and Asian children in this group show the same patterns. However, looking at the larger world around u
48、s, it is clear that blacks have been greatly overrepresented in the development of American popular music and greatly under represented in such fields as mathematics, science and engineering. If the abilities required in analytical fields and in music are so closely related, how can there be this gr
49、eat disparity? One reason is that the development of mathematical and other such abilities requires years of formal schooling, while certain musical talents can be developed with little or no formal training, as has happened with a number of well-known black musicians. It is precisely in those kinds of music where one can acquire great skill without for
