1、2014年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The two friends sat in a corner and_away to each other about the weather. （ A） talked （ B） chatted （ C） muttered （ D） whispered 2 He is going to_the meeting on the subject of war and peace in a minute. （ A） speak （ B） talk （ C） remark （ D） addres
2、s 3 Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the governments_policies. （ A） economic （ B） economical （ C） economy （ D） economics 4 There are not many teachers who are strong_ of traditional methods in English teaching. （ A） sponsors （ B） contributors （ C） advocat
3、es （ D） performers 5 A friendship may be_, casual, situational or deep and lasting. （ A） identical （ B） superficial （ C） critical （ D） original 6 Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _down the economy. （ A） put （ B） settle （ C） drag （ D） knock 7 We a
4、re_to the idea, but we doubt whether the time is ripe to put it into force. （ A） equal （ B） adequate （ C） considerate （ D） sympathetic 8 People were surprised to find that Mr. Johnson had the ability to_everything he was involved in. （ A） prevail （ B） dominate （ C） preside （ D） instruct 9 You can do
5、 it if you want to, but in my opinion its not worth the_it involves. （ A） force （ B） trial （ C） attempt （ D） effort 10 The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her_attitude toward customers. （ A） straightforward （ B） partial （ C） favorable （ D） hostile 11 You must pack plenty of f
6、ood for the journey. _, you will need warm clothes, so pack them too. （ A） Equally （ B） Incidentally （ C） Inevitably （ D） Likewise 12 This_was conducted to find out how many people prefer rice. （ A） examination （ B） survey （ C） inspection （ D） test 13 As a defense against air-pollution damage, many
7、plants and animals_a substance to absorb harmful chemicals. （ A） relieve （ B） release （ C） dismiss （ D） discard 14 He said that very clearly so that nobody was in any_about what was meant. （ A） wonder （ B） doubt （ C） question （ D） consideration 15 No one expected him to_against his former employer.
8、（ A） deader （ B） testify （ C） certify （ D） allege 二、 Cloze 15 Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they【 C1】 _. Yet, all living things still show the【 C2】 _of aging, which will eventually【 C3】 _death. Aging is not a diseas
9、e,(but)as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the【 C4】 _they form do not function as well as they【 C5】 _in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less【 C6】 _against disease and is more【 C7】 _to have accident. A number of related causes may【 C8】 _aging. Some cells of the body
10、have a(fairly)long life, but they are not【 C9】 _when they die. As a person ages,【 C10】 _of brain cells and muscle cells decreases.【 C11】 _body cells die and are(replaced)by new cells. In an aging person the【 C12】 _cells may not be as workable or as capable【 C13】 _growth as those of a young person. A
11、nother【 C14】 _in aging may be changes within the cells【 C15】 _. Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known【 C16】 _with age and become less elastic. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and【 C17】 _. This is also the reason why old people【 C18】 _in height. There may be other more importan
12、t chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and【 C19】 _information that the cells need. Aging may affect this【 C20】_and change the information carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well. 16 【 C1】 （ A） would （ B） be used to （ C
13、） used to （ D） used 17 【 C2】 （ A） function （ B） effect （ C） affect （ D） sign 18 【 C3】 （ A） lead in （ B） give in （ C） run into （ D） result in 19 【 C4】 （ A） hands （ B） feet （ C） heart （ D） organs 20 【 C5】 （ A） do （ B） has done （ C） did （ D） had done 21 【 C6】 （ A） energy （ B） protection （ C） vigor （ D）
14、 power 22 【 C7】 （ A） likely （ B） probable （ C） possible （ D） alike 23 【 C8】 （ A） attend to （ B） contribute to （ C） add to （ D） devote to 24 【 C9】 （ A） replaced （ B） reborn （ C） recovered （ D） surrendered 25 【 C10】 （ A） a number （ B） the amount （ C） the number （ D） most 26 【 C11】 （ A） The others （ B）
15、 Others （ C） Another （ D） Other 27 【 C12】 （ A） old （ B） left （ C） new （ D） other 28 【 C13】 （ A） to （ B） for （ C） of （ D） in 29 【 C14】 （ A） factor （ B） effect （ C） reason （ D） element 30 【 C15】 （ A） for themselves （ B） of themselves （ C） themselves （ D） on their own 31 【 C16】 （ A） change （ B） to have
16、 changed （ C） to change （ D） to being changed 32 【 C17】 （ A） hang loose （ B） hangs loosely （ C） is hanging loosely （ D） is hanging loose 33 【 C18】 （ A） increase （ B） shrink （ C） lengthen （ D） decrease 34 【 C19】 （ A） pass away （ B） pass by （ C） pass off （ D） pass on 35 【 C20】 （ A） improvement （ B） pr
17、ocession （ C） approach （ D） process 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through l
18、earning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called “ classical conditioning“. This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment; it is through classical conditioni
19、ng that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning“. This occurs when an individual learns to
20、 do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will lear
21、n to increase his crying in order to have his mother more. Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others?
22、 if a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with n
23、egative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger. 36 The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to_. （ A） teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotion （ B） give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learning （ C） give parents some advice on
24、how to modify their childrens emotions through learning （ D） discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced 37 If your jokes often find already echo in a person, you will learn though_that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be hum
25、orous in his presence. （ A） classical conditioning （ B） operant conditioning （ C） neither of them （ D） some other sorts of conditioning 38 If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. T
26、his is a typical example of learning through_. （ A） classical conditioning （ B） operant conditioning （ C） both of them （ D） neither of them 39 In the third paragraph, the author is_. （ A） discussing how we grow and have new experiences every day （ B） talking about learning to modify emotions through
27、 operant conditioning （ C） concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so on （ D） using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning 40 In the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss_. （ A） definitions
28、of positive feelings and negative feelings （ B） the third kind of learning （ C） further examples of learning through operant conditioning （ D） none of the above 40 Any country has good reason to want its citizens to be as healthy as possible, since one of its greatest resources is an active populati
29、on. No country wants its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health. This was the kind of thinking which led to the introduction of a health service in many countries. In Britain this has developed into a “Welfare State“ in which all citizens, rich and poor alike, can get most health treatment f
30、ree. The money for this is partially raised by contributions from employers and employees. As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are
31、 much greater than was estimated. This means that the people who work for the Health Service-doctors, nurses and other hospital staff have much more routine work to do and as a result they have little time for preventive medicine. The Health Service does need more staff a need that can only be met i
32、f more money is made available to it. However, a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many people are able to receive expensive treatment which they could never afford themselves. Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they dont really need to. Becaus
33、e they have so many patients, doctors cannot spend as long with each one as they would like, and some people prefer to pay for private treatment so that their doctors can give them more time. In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others. 41 I
34、n the authors view, Britain is a Welfare State in that_. （ A） all citizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some sense （ B） poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medical treatment （ C） health service is highly developed in Britain （ D） Britain doesnt allow its people to suffer unnecessa
35、rily from ill health 42 We can infer from the passage that_. （ A） the Health Service is introduced to many other countries by Britain （ B） the Health Service has been introduced and developed for 30 years in Britain （ C） an active population is the greatest resource in Britain （ D） all citizens in B
36、ritain have a good opinion of the Health Service 43 The best title for the passage would be_. （ A） A Welfare State （ B） Importance of the Health Service （ C） Disadvantages of the Health Service （ D） The Health Service 44 The author mentions that some wealthy people prefer to pay for private treatmen
37、t because _. （ A） their doctors can give them more time leave from work （ B） those doctors have better medical instruments （ C） they might save some money for the poor （ D） their doctors have a stronger sense of responsibility for the patients 45 The word “abused“(Para. 4)means_. （ A） destroyed （ B）
38、 used in wrong way （ C） ignored （ D） wasted 45 Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as
39、 bad or worse than the hazards of smoking too many cigarettes. All right then, lets pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Lets put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer alcoholism. But wait. Weve alread
40、y tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abolished by an amendment to the Constitution and by a law of Congress. After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manufacturing, selling, or transporting o
41、f “intoxicating liquors“. Without any more liquor, people could not drink it. And if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all very logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not w
42、ork. Why? Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks to get it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gangs of liquor smugglers millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages acr
43、oss the Canadian and Mexican borders. Drinkers were likely to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition. Instead, people drank more alcohol than ever often poisoned alcohol. On December 5, 1933, they
44、removed Prohibition by approving the 21st Amendment to the Constitution. 46 Which of the following was NOT a characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act? （ A） There would be no further danger to the public from alcoholism. （ B） There would be
45、 a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages. （ C） Without liquor, people would not drink. （ D） People would not become drunk of create a public nuisance. 47 During Prohibition, illegal alcohol was_. （ A） sold openly （ B） no longer a temptation （ C） a major factor in the passage of the Volstead Act （
46、D） brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders 48 During Prohibition, people_. （ A） lived in fear of the law （ B） were willing to risk arrest for the pleasure of liquor （ C） recklessly endangered their comunities （ D） were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them 49 When enacting the pro
47、hibition law, government officials assumed that_. （ A） every American would buy alcohol illegally （ B） all criminal activities would cease （ C） patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcohol （ D） the social threat from drunkerness would decline 50 It can be inferred from the passage t
48、hat_. （ A） the Congress was wise to repeal Prohibition （ B） the Prohibition Era was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkenness （ C） during Prohibition, most Americans stopped drinking （ D） laws should be passed to ban the sale of alcoholic beverages 50 As people continue to grow and age, o
49、ur body systems continue to change. At a certain point in your life, your body system began to weaken. Your joint may become stiff. It may become more difficult for you to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In order to live longer, we
