1、2012年 5月北京成人本科英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the cor
2、responding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 0 The most famous collections of fairy tales (童话 ) are the ones by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The Grimms published their first fairy-tale collection in 1812. They didnt think they were writing for children. They thought they
3、were preserving disappearing German folk culture. Their first edition (版本 ) was a scholarly book that carefully recorded the oral tales. They were surprised when some of their early readers suggested that the stories might be interesting to children. But the Grimms needed money. They had made a bad
4、deal with their publisher and received little payment for their first book. At one point Wilhelm complained there wasnt a chair in his house one could sit on without worrying it would break. So he took the hint and set to work to make a book that would be suitable for children. He selected a few of
5、the tales, made them much longer, and polished up the language. He didnt add morals, but he did slip in character judgements and moralizing comments wherever he could. The Grimms Fairy Tales also have one characteristic that would seem to make them unsuitable for children. Many of them include viole
6、nt incidents. In Hansel and Grete, an old woman is burned to death in an oven, and in Little Red Riding Hood a child is eaten by a wolf. When he revised the tales for children, Wilhelm Grimm retained the violence. In fact, he sometimes even ramped it up. For example, in the first edition of the tale
7、s, Cindrealla forgives her sisters at the end. Its only in the second edition, the one intended for children, that her birds peck (啄 ) out their eyes. Why, then, have The Grimms Fairy Tales become classic of childrens literature, so much so that it is hard to imagine a child who doesnt know Cinderel
8、las story or Snow Whites? One answer is that only a few of the tales survived into modem times. The first edition of The Grimms Fairy Tales had 210 tales. By 1825 it was down to 50. And today only a dozen or so of the tales are often reprinted in childrens collections. (76) But the deeper answer is
9、that the tales that have lasted are magical adventures that help children deal with the struggles and fears of their everyday lives. 1 Why did Wilhelm Grimm set out to adapt his book for children? （ A） To deal with readers complaints. （ B） To improve his financial situation. （ C） At the request of h
10、is publisher. （ D） To preserve the ancient stories in print. 2 When revising the fairy tales, Wilhelm did all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） adding character judgments （ B） making the tales much longer （ C） deleting the violent scenes （ D） polishing up the language 3 What does the expression “rampe
11、d it up“ in Paragraph 3 probably mean? （ A） Started. （ B） Allowed. （ C） Classified. （ D） Increase 4 Which of the following statements about the Grimms fairy tales is TRUE according to the passage? （ A） They were originally intended to be childrens stories. （ B） Generally speaking, the tales that hav
12、e endured can help children deal with the challenges life bring to them. （ C） A large number of the tales made it to the modern age. （ D） They are less violent than the childrens stories being written today. 5 What is the passage mainly concerned with? （ A） History of fairy tales. （ B） Ways to prese
13、rve the oral tradition. （ C） The Grimms fairy tales. （ D） Violence in fairy tales. 5 As the school year kicks off, parents are once again struggling to cajole (哄骗 ) and, if need be, drag their exhausted teens out of bed. That image may make you laugh, but lack of sleep is no joke. (77) Teenagers who
14、 dont get enough rest have more learning, health, behavior and mood problems than students who get at least nine hours a night. Long-term lack of sleep is tied to heart disease, overweight, depression and a shortened life span in adults, indicating the importance of establishing good sleep habits ea
15、rly in life. Lack of sleep can be especially deadly for teens; car accidents are the leading cause of death among teenagers, and safety experts believe sleepy driving is a major factor. Unfortunately, few teenagers get the sleep they need. In a survey of middle-school and high-school students, Unive
16、rsity of Colorado researchers found that 82 percent said they woke up tied and unrefreshed, and more than half had trouble concentrating during the day at least once a week. Blame multitasking for some of this. Many students are juggling after-school activities, homework and part-time jobs. Even whe
17、n they manage to fulfill these obligations by a reasonable hour, television, the internet, video games, phone calls and text message to friends often keep them awake deep into the night. Taking soda and energy drinks late in the day and going to late-night parties on weekends add to sleep debt. Biol
18、ogy also works against teenagers sleep. Their bodys internal clock, which controls when a person starts to feel tired, shifts after puberty (青春期 ), making it hard for most teens to fall asleep before 11 pm. Class usually beings before 8:15 am., with many high schools starting at 7:15 am. To get to s
19、chool on time, most teens have to get up by 6:30 am, guaranteeing theyll be sleep-deprived during the week. Teens often sleep much later on weekends to catch up, making it even harder to fall asleep on Sunday night and wake up Monday morning. Playing catch-up on weekends also doesnt help teens stay
20、refreshed when they need it most: during the week at school. Since the 1990s, middle and high school in more than two dozen states have experimented with later school start times. (78) The results have been encouraging: more sleep, increased attendance, better grades and fewer driving accidents. But
21、 most school still start early, meaning teens have their work cut out for them if they want to get enough sleep. 6 According to the passage, poor sleep can be linked to all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） heart disease （ B） car accidents （ C） skin problems （ D） poor concentration 7 The main idea of
22、Paragraph 3 is _. （ A） how sleep deprivation (缺乏 ) can be treated （ B） what causes sleep deprivation （ C） who is most at risk for sleep deprivation （ D） why sleep deprivation is a serious concern 8 What does the word “juggling“ in Paragragph 3 probably mean? （ A） Dealing with at the same time （ B） S
23、triking a balance between （ C） Weekend catch-up sleep （ D） Healthy diet 9 Which of the following is NOT to blame for teenager lack of sleep? （ A） Multitasking （ B） Striking a balance between （ C） Weekend catch-up sleep （ D） Healthy diet 10 According to the passage, what have some school done to help
24、 their students get enough sleep? （ A） Educating their students about the importance of sleep. （ B） Monitoring their students late-night activities. （ C） Delaying school start times. （ D） Setting strict rules. 10 As any middle-class parent knows, unpaid work experience can give youngsters a valuable
25、 introduction to a secure job. The government has recognized it too, abandoning rules in 2011 that had formerly stopped 16 to 24-year-olds from doing unpaid work while claiming unemployment benefit. But moving from that to forcing them to work without pay in order to collect these benefits has prove
26、d a big step. (79) More than one million young people in Britain are unemployed, the highest number since the mid-1980s. Keen both to cut the welfare bill and to avoid the depressed future wages that may result from early unemployment, the government has impressed future wages that may result from e
27、arly unemployment, the government has introduced an ambitious program of reform to get youngsters off welfare and into work. A key part of it is ensuring that no one gets benefit from the government for long; ministers are keen to avoid what happened after the early-1980s recession (衰退 ), when unemp
28、loyment continued in some parts of the country for a long time after the economy began to improve. To help young people into work, ministers had persuaded lots of employers, including bakery chains, bookshops and supermarkets, to take on unemployed youths, who receive work experience but no pay, wit
29、h the prospect of proper job for those who shine. (80) Some 35,000 youngsters participated last year; half found paid work soon after finishing the scheme. The idea of getting young adults used to showing up for work is popular with voters: according to a survey published in February, about 60% of p
30、eople support the program. Equally attractive was the option of compelling them to work: under the existing arrangements youngsters could choose whether or not to accept a place, but if they dropped put after the end of the first week, they stood to lose up to two weeks benefits. Yet the scheme has
31、also polarized (两极分化的 ) opinion: a third of people are consistently opposed. Following a noisy “Right to Work“ campaign that accused employers of co-operating secretly with this from getting worse, Chris Grayling, an employment minister, admitted that young people could leave their work experience a
32、t any time without being punished for doing so. This not only halted the flight of employers (for now, at least) but also enabled him to announce that new firms have agreed to take part in the program. 11 According to the passage, young people in Britain _. （ A） are used to showing up for work （ B）
33、value unpaid work very much （ C） are always opposed to unpaid work （ D） could learn something about job security through unpaid work. 12 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE? （ A） Most voters support the governments effort to help young people to work. （ B） Some people protes
34、t against the governments attempt to force young people to work. （ C） There are more than one million young people who took part in the program. （ D） There are more than one million young people who are jobless. 13 According to the author, the British government is trying to _. （ A） punish young peo
35、ple if they are not cooperating with it （ B） reform the unemployed youngsters （ C） the economic slowdown （ D） reduce welfare spending 14 The word “shine“ in Paragraph 3 means “_“. （ A） do well （ B） reflect light （ C） look happy （ D） produce light 15 Which of the following is an appropriate title for
36、 this passage? （ A） Enjoy Work Without Pay （ B） Can Work, Wont Work （ C） Should Work, Shouldnt Play （ D） Hate Work or Love Work 二、 Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%) Directions: In this part, there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose
37、 the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 16 Please give Jim the schedule for tomorrows conference when he _ back. He is to chair the conference. （ A） will come （ B） come （ C） comes （ D） came 17 _ f
38、ive minutes earlier, you would not have missed the last train for Shanghai, but you were late. （ A） Had you come （ B） Do you come （ C） Did you come （ D） Should you come 18 After he worked out the solution, _ appeared a smile on his face. （ A） it （ B） here （ C） what （ D） there 19 _ the former preside
39、nts supporters went out in the streets to express their anger and dissatisfaction. （ A） A small amount of （ B） A large number of （ C） A little bit of （ D） A great deal of 20 To be honest, todays dinner was just so-so. It wasnt such a good one _ promised by the boss. （ A） that （ B） which （ C） as （ D）
40、 what 21 So many people _, the meeting had to be put off. （ A） being absent （ B） to be absent （ C） were absent （ D） had been absent 22 We often advise him not to drink more _ is good for his health. （ A） as （ B） that （ C） than （ D） but 23 -Did Charles vote in the last election? -No, he wasnt _. （ A）
41、 enough old then （ B） then enough old （ C） ole then enough （ D） old enough then 24 By no means _ look down on those who are less lucky in life than we are. （ A） we should （ B） should we （ C） we should not （ D） should we not 25 He didnt feel like _ that day so he stayed indoors reading. （ A） working
42、（ B） works （ C） to work （ D） worked 26 No sooner had we started on the road _ it began to rain. （ A） when （ B） than （ C） then （ D） whenever 27 He decide to go for a sailing holiday _ the fact that he was usually seasick (晕船 ). （ A） because of （ B） in spite of （ C） in case of （ D） as a result of 28 W
43、hat you do in your spare time is your own _. However it should not be harmful to others. （ A） business （ B） purchase （ C） bargain （ D） sale 29 As a gardener, Jim has to water the flowers and _ the grass in the garden every morning. （ A） trim （ B） improve （ C） refine （ D） repair 30 The firemen are st
44、ill _ the small fires started by the plane crash. （ A） taking off （ B） setting aside （ C） getting along with （ D） putting out 31 He didnt live up to _ had been expected of him. （ A） that （ B） what （ C） which （ D） all 32 The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.
45、 （ A） adapt （ B） bring （ C） receive （ D） adopt 33 The relationship between employers and employees has been studied _. （ A） originally （ B） extremely （ C） violently （ D） intensively 34 The car _ halfway for no reason. （ A） broke off （ B） broke down （ C） broke up （ D） broke out 35 The police _ that h
46、e committed a series of crimes in the north of the city. （ A） swelled （ B） submitted （ C） surveyed （ D） suspected 36 The manger lost his _ just because his secretary was ten minutes late. （ A） mood （ B） temper （ C） mind （ D） passion 37 We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _ view
47、. （ A） from （ B） in （ C） before （ D） into 38 I have kept that portrait _ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. （ A） which （ B） where （ C） whether （ D） into 39 The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. （ A） cant have been （ B） mustnt have been （ C） shoul
48、dnt have been （ D） wouldnt have been 40 You see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. （ A） the instant （ B） for an instant （ C） on the instant （ D） in an instant 41 _ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles. （ A） Believe （ B） To believe （ C） Believing
49、（ D） Believed 42 The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _ chemists. （ A） other （ B） some （ C） certain （ D） any 43 Your hair wants _. Youd better have it done tomorrow. （ A） cut （ B） to cut （ C） cutting （ D） being cut 44 I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. （ A） be assigned （ B） will be assigned （ C） is assigned （ D）
