1、2012年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Not knowing a foreign language is a(n)_to enjoying travel abroad. （ A） barrier （ B） opponent （ C） challenge （ D） limitation 2 He_the driver who was attempting to pass for the accident. （ A） accused （ B） charged （ C） blamed （ D） criticized 3 A c
2、opyright protects authors and creators against_reproduction or use of writings and other original works of authorship for the life of the author plus 50 years. （ A） undermined （ B） unduplicated （ C） unexpired （ D） unauthorized 4 Some teachers_their students poor performance partially to a lack of in
3、telligence. （ A） owe （ B） contribute （ C） attribute （ D） minister 5 Many buildings here do not allow smoking; some will permit smoking only in_areas. （ A） designated （ B） designed （ C） dedicated （ D） descended 6 The President_the public that taxes would not be increased after the election. （ A） ensu
4、red （ B） insured （ C） assured （ D） secured 7 The police are investigating how $ 20 million was illegally_out of the bank account. （ A） transformed （ B） transferred （ C） transmitted （ D） transplanted 8 I know that if I start watching soap opera I will immediately become hopelessly_to it. （ A） excited
5、 （ B） addicted （ C） interested （ D） fascinated 9 Most drugstores and big supermarkets have pharmacy(药房 )department where the pharmacist will fill your_. （ A） presentation （ B） preposition （ C） preservation （ D） prescription 10 Many problems have_as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.
6、（ A） risen （ B） arisen （ C） raised （ D） aroused 11 The peach tree they planted when they got married began to_fruit last year. （ A） make （ B） grow （ C） bear （ D） enjoy 12 Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be _from school. （ A） induced （ B） disobe
7、yed （ C） expelled （ D） forbidden 13 The man was sentenced to 10 years in prison because he_a government official. （ A） bribed （ B） cheated （ C） lied （ D） tricked 14 As a lawyer, she has a high success_in the cases she handles. （ A） pace （ B） rate （ C） ratio （ D） percent 15 After_research by a govern
8、ment council official confidently stated that this area of the sea is much safer than any other. （ A） partial （ B） absolute （ C） extreme （ D） extensive 16 The top floors of a building collapsed trapping a construction worker in the rubble(瓦砾 ), but he was_and can speak to rescuers. （ A） reasonable （
9、 B） awake （ C） conscious （ D） talkative 17 The latest research seems to_that emotional maturity and self-knowledge is the key elements for success. （ A） imply （ B） confront （ C） inquire （ D） encounter 18 Although the nuclear radiation problems remain unsolved, the governments emphasis has been_from
10、unclear to coal. （ A） attached （ B） switched （ C） located （ D） intended 19 He is by no means a(n)_man. On the contrary, he always departs from customs. （ A） intelligent （ B） ignorant （ C） traditional （ D） disgraceful 20 In many Middle Eastern cultures, deadline is taken as a(n)_and such business beh
11、avior may lose the overseas salesperson business. （ A） insult （ B） campaign （ C） favor （ D） competition 21 Apartments owned by business often have a fixed price, but private owners are more inclined to_. （ A） negotiate （ B） surrender （ C） coordinate （ D） mediate 22 Dr. Hamiltonian was only going to
12、make some introductory remarks, but_giving the speech himself when the speaker came down with the flu. （ A） set up （ B） turned up （ C） ended up （ D） come up 23 _telephone service provides immediate access to related personnel, which is free of charge. （ A） Immediate （ B） Emergency （ C） Emergence （ D
13、） Emerging 24 More than two parties in different locations can talk_via a conference call. （ A） singularly （ B） mutually （ C） similarly （ D） simultaneously 25 Never talk about that restaurant in front of me. It is_satisfactory. （ A） nothing but （ B） anything but （ C） something but （ D） everything bu
14、t 26 We were all_by the riddle “ Why Bob and Tom are not twins though they have the same parents and were born almost at the same time?“. （ A） distorted （ B） detached （ C） breached （ D） baffled 27 Dont keep us in_any longer. Tell us what happened so that we can give you a hand. （ A） suspense （ B） do
15、ubt （ C） suspect （ D） suspicion 28 Ive been very lazy but Im going to turn over a new_and work hard. （ A） page （ B） leaf （ C） paper （ D） piece 29 You have to speak to her louder as her hearing is found to be slightly_. （ A） affectionate （ B） defensive （ C） effective （ D） defective 30 Only a person w
16、ith a pair of keen eyes could pick out those_paintings from these unwanted materials. （ A） valueless （ B） worthless （ C） priceless （ D） featureless 31 On weekends, people are queuing in the supermarket to_for there are only a few cashes. （ A） check on （ B） check up （ C） check in （ D） check out 32 If
17、 you dont_cooking today, we can go out to eat at the new restaurant. （ A） go off （ B） feel like （ C） try out （ D） take up 33 Do you_her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment? （ A） classify （ B） notify （ C） simplify （ D） justify 34 He suggested transporting the goods by air. This is a
18、bsolutely not_, for it will cost too much. （ A） genuine （ B） exclusive （ C） practical （ D） incredible 35 It will be worth the effort even if you fail; the rewards you_will be great. （ A） reap （ B） boast （ C） assure （ D） cultivate 36 I wish to_a masters degree in electric engineering after I graduate
19、 from college. （ A） pledge （ B） explore （ C） pursue （ D） approach 37 The people were very happy to see the government taking measures to_the possibility of inflation. （ A） maintain （ B） facilitate （ C） enclose （ D） eliminate 38 The investigation_evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild birds.
20、 （ A） uncovered （ B） outweighed （ C） overwhelmed （ D） evolved 39 Mothers tend to be too_towards their children. They should let them see more of the world. （ A） hopeful （ B） protective （ C） modest （ D） considerate 40 No other drugs are as good as this one; it must have been based on a(n)_formula. （
21、A） unique （ B） stimulating （ C） enormous （ D） overwhelming 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 Marriage therapists teach a skill called active listening. Each partner takes a turn listening then interprets what he/she has heard and validates(证实 )it. There is, however, a problem. It rarely works. For 80 perc
22、ent of couples, active listening is too hard. Even happy couples have screaming matches. Every time you raise a hot-button issue, such as the in-laws or money, does your husband suddenly clam up？ More than 80 percent of the time, it is the wife who brings up tricky marital issues, while the husband
23、tries to avoid discussing them. This isnt a symptom of a troubled marriage its true in most happy marriages. Youll often hear that staying in a bad marriage is worse, for everybody concerned especially the children than getting divorced. That may be true if your home is so full of hostility that its
24、 like a war zone. But sociologist Linder J. Waite says she has found that 75 percent of couples who rated their marriages as miserable but stayed married were happy five years later. We usually think the strongest marriages are those that survive major traumas, such as bankruptcy or an extramarital
25、affair. But frequently, dealing with the little things, those daily annoyances, eats away at a marriage. “Every couple experiences disappointment as initial romance and passion fade and they discover all their difference,“ says Wolin. “He doesnt do enough housework. She is too emotional. He watches
26、too much TV. Shes too lenient(宽容 )with the kids. People think of these differences as problems, but theyre actually opportunities to build marital muscles. 41 Which of the following is NOT true about active listening? （ A） Active listening has proven to be a little impractical. （ B） A majority of co
27、uples dont practice active listening. （ C） Active listening doesnt ensure happy marriages. （ D） Happy couples never shout at each other. 42 The phrase “clam up“(Line 5. Para. 1)probably means_. （ A） shut up （ B） get up （ C） show up （ D） cheer up 43 We know from Paragraph 1 that the author thinks tha
28、t a happy marriage_. （ A） is always full of romance and passion （ B） requires the tolerance of the husband （ C） may not be free of quarrels and fights （ D） excludes the discussion of sticky martial issues 44 What is implied in the passage about divorce in the passage? （ A） A bad marriage should and
29、up in divorce to avoid further harm （ B） Divorce is not the best solution to bad marriage. （ C） Most couples get divorced for the sake of their children. （ D） Divorce is much better than suffering in a bad marriage. 45 Whats the main idea of the last paragraph? （ A） Daily annoyances can do harm to m
30、arriages. （ B） Marriage is not for romance and passion. （ C） Differences are essential for happy marriages. （ D） Surviving major misfortunes help strengthen marriages. 45 Ground-level ozone is an air pollutant that causes human health problems even at very low levels. It also damages crops and other
31、 vegetation. It is a key ingredient of urban smog. “Good ozone“ occurs naturally in the stratosphere approximately 10 to 30 miles above the earths surface and forms a layer that protects life on earth from the suns harmful rays. “Bad ozone“ is formed in the earths lower atmosphere, near ground level
32、, when pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other sources react chemically in the present of sunlight. Ozone pollution is a concern during the summer months when the weather conditions needed to form ground-level ozone lots of sun, hot temper
33、atures normally occur. The length of ozone season varies from one area of the United States to another. Southern and southwestern states may have an ozone season that lasts nearly the entire year. Ozone can irritate lung airways and cause inflammation much like sunburn. Other symptoms include wheezi
34、ng, coughing, pain when taking it deep breath, and breathing difficulties during exercise of outdoor activities. People with respiratory problems are most vulnerable, but even healthy people who are active outdoors can be affected when ozone levels are high. Repeated exposure to ozone pollution for
35、several months may cause permanent lung damage. Anyone who spends time outdoors in the summer is at risk, particularly children and other people who are active outdoors. Even at very low levels, ground-level ozone triggers a variety of problems including aggravated asthma, reduced lung capacity, and
36、 increased susceptibility to respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and bronchitis. Ozone damage can occur without any noticeable signs. People who love in areas where ozone levels are frequently high may find that their initial symptoms go away overt time particularly when exposure to high ozone leve
37、ls continues for several days. Ozone continues to cause lung damage even when the symptoms have disappeared. 46 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? （ A） Bad zone comes into existence in the Earths upper atmosphere. （ B） Good zone appears in the Earths lower atmosphere, near grou
38、nd-level. （ C） Bad zone only damages crops and other vegetation. （ D） Ground-level ozone is made up of pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, and so on. 47 It can be learned from the passage that_. （ A） Urban smog mainly consists of “good ozone“ （ B） Bad ozone protects us from the suns harmful ul
39、traviolet rays （ C） Ozone pollution is especially harmful to peoples health in summer （ D） The states in the North and Northwest of the U. S may have the longest ozone season 48 What does the word “vulnerable“(Line 3, Para. 3)most probably mean? （ A） Hard to deal with. （ B） Harmful and dangerous. （
40、C） Easy to be hurt or affected. （ D） Hot in temper and hard to calm down. 49 According to the passage, ground-level ozone causes the following health problem EXCEPT _. （ A） stomach cancer （ B） more serious asthma （ C） decreased lung capacity （ D） pneumonia and bronchitis 50 We can see that the passa
41、ge is mainly about_. （ A） good ozone and its function of protecting people （ B） ozone pollution and its effects on peoples health （ C） the measures mat Southern states of the U. S. should take against ozone pollution （ D） how people with respiratory problems should protect themselves from ozone poll
42、ution 50 School buildings themselves can reflect liberal or conservative views about what should go on in a classroom. The earliest schools built to accommodate large numbers of children had separate classrooms for graded groups. The rooms were laid out formally, with pupils desks bolted to the floo
43、r in straight rows facing the teachers desk. Clearly, the school itself reflected a teacher-and subject-centered view of education. Schools of the next generation, built after 1940, were lighter and airier and had more open space, and most had movable desks. They also often provided special rooms or
44、 areas for science, art, music, and physical education. There were still separate rooms for different grade levels, however, and the desks still were likely to be formally arranged in straight, rows. That is, the schoolroom was still largely designed to implement the old school program, which involv
45、ed grade levels, uniform time blocks, uniformity of instruction, and absorption of subject matter. Newer subjects, not newer teaching methods, accounted for most of what was new in school design. The first school buildings specifically to facilitate liberal teaching methods began to appear in the mi
46、d-1950s. Folding interior walls or no walls at all permitted the flexible use of space to encourage large-group, small-group, or individual instruction. Some provided carrels for individual study, areas designed for team teaching, centers for programmed instruction and a language laboratory. In the
47、newest buildings called open schools the use of space is even more flexible. Since so much of the space is undifferentiated, areas within the buildings can be readily expanded, converted to accommodate program changes, and used for many kinds of functions. As a reflection of a conservative or libera
48、l attitude toward education, the physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder conservative or liberal teaching practices. But it cannot determine what those practices will be. It may be difficult for a conservative teacher to operate in a physically open classroom or for liberal teach
49、er to operate in formal classroom. But it is not impossible. What determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative, in terms of the education the students receive, is the spirit and attitude of the teacher. 51 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） The physical layout of school buildings can reflect lib
