1、2012年吉林大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Language, culture, and personality may be considered_of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact. （ A） indistinctly （ B） separately （ C） irrelevantly （ D） independently 2 The work was done in the_of reforms in the economic, social
2、and cultural spheres. （ A） context （ B） contest （ C） pretext （ D） texture 3 The dean tried to retain control of the situation on campus, but his attempt was_by the board of trustees. （ A） approved （ B） frustrated （ C） disclosed （ D） justified 4 Some journalists are fond of overstating the situation
3、so that their news may create a great （ A） explosion （ B） sensation （ C） exaggerating （ D） stimulation 5 There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, _there was little to disprove it. （ A） by the same token （ B） under the same condition （ C） at the same stage （ D） for the same
4、purpose. 6 Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be_in some form. （ A） given off （ B） put out （ C） set off （ D） used up 7 The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its_declaration i
5、n 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind. （ A） unanimous （ B） abstract （ C） autonomous （ D） almighty 8 This growth in the_of diabetes is due, in part, to an increase in obesity. （ A） inference （ B） incidence （ C） regulation （ D） repetition 9 Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $1
6、10 billion, _the $160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress. （ A） in proportion to （ B） in reply to （ C） in relation to （ D） in contrast to 10 Frances_of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations. （ A） assumption （ B
7、） consumption （ C） presumption （ D） resumption 11 The _ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people. （ A） implementation （ B） demonstration （ C） manifestation （ D） expedition 12 Reading_the mind only with materials of knowledge, i
8、t is thinking that makes what we read ours. （ A） rectifies （ B） prolongs （ C） minimizes （ D） furnishes 13 Previous studies provoked _ because they used patients whose diagnosis was questionable. （ A） contribution （ B） contraction （ C） controversy （ D） convergence 14 Although the model looks good on
9、the surface, it will not bear close_. （ A） temperament （ B） contamination （ C） scrutiny （ D） symmetry 15 I never said anything like that at all. You are purposely _my ideas to prove your points. （ A） revising （ B） contradicting （ C） distorting （ D） distracting 16 To survive in the intense trade comp
10、etition between countries, companies must_the qualities and varieties of their products to the world-market demand. （ A） forfeit （ B） enhance （ C） guarantee （ D） gear 17 I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite_. （ A） arbitrary （ B） rational （ C） mechanical （ D） unpredic
11、table 18 An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to _ further research and further thinking about a particular topic. （ A） stimulate （ B） renovate （ C） arouse （ D） advocate 19 All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read_ letters from their families. （ A） aff
12、ectionate （ B） sentimental （ C） intimate （ D） sensitive 20 Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just_and needs proving. （ A） spontaneous （ B） hypothetical （ C） intuitive （ D） empirical 21 The ceremony will_as soon as the president arrives. （ A） commend （ B） comply （ C）
13、confront （ D） commence 22 The barbarous aggressors grew more and more_in slaughtering people and burning down their houses. （ A） amorphous （ B） ferocious （ C） audacious （ D） egregious 23 Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become_and are no longer used in the present days. （
14、A） obsolete （ B） obscene （ C） obvious （ D） oblique 24 Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to_revenue by limiting commerce. （ A） disregard （ B） challenge （ C） diminish （ D） reject 25 The spectators in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons _
15、slowly into the sky. （ A） descending （ B） ascending （ C） escalating （ D） elevating 26 An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical _, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology. （ A） interference （ B） interruption （ C） intervention （ D） inte
16、raction 27 Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to_, or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s. （ A） revolt （ B） revolve （ C） reverse （ D） revive 28 Foreign disinvestments and the _ of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985 further weakened its econo
17、my. （ A） displacement （ B） elimination （ C） exclusion （ D） exception 29 We are moving towards a more_and cooperative society, which is getting better and better. （ A） fraternal （ B） emotional （ C） accidental （ D） illegal 30 The students were_about who their new teacher would be when the bell rang fo
18、r their first class in the new semester. （ A） foreseeing （ B） speculating （ C） fabricating （ D） pondering 二、 Cloze 30 New research from Australia supports the belief that many pet owners have it shows that pets are good for your health. The【 C1】 _of this new study suggest that people who have pets a
19、re【 C2】 _less risk from heart disease than【 C3】_who do not. Ironically this【 C4】 _study on pets was intended to【 C5】 _the myth that pets are good for your health. Earlier research【 C6】 _the benefits of owning pets received a lot of【 C7】 _, but the results were not good enough to【 C8】_the more skepti
20、cal doctors. The new research was carried【 C9】 _over three years and examined 6000 people, the largest group yet involved in【 C10】 _a study. They took tests that measured a【 C11】 _of different factors known to be【 C12】 _in heart disease 【 C13】 _and blood levels of cholesterol(胆固醇 )and triglyceride(甘
21、油三酸酯 ). 【 C14】 _, people were asked about their lifestyles. The 800 people who owned pets had【 C15】 _levels on each of the factors【 C16】 _than those who did not own pets. The differences were even greater than those found in similar studies on people who【 C17】 _to vegetarian diets or took【 C18】 _exe
22、rcise. The study also showed that it did not matter【 C19】_kind of pet was owned a cat was as good as a dog so the benefits could not be attributed【 C20】 _the exercise involved in walking a dog. 31 【 C1】 （ A） findings （ B） conclusions （ C） indications （ D） signs 32 【 C2】 （ A） in （ B） on （ C） at （ D）
23、of 33 【 C3】 （ A） others （ B） ones （ C） these （ D） those 34 【 C4】 （ A） late （ B） later （ C） latter （ D） latest 35 【 C5】 （ A） explore （ B） explode （ C） exploit （ D） express 36 【 C6】 （ A） about （ B） in （ C） on （ D） of 37 【 C7】 （ A） publicity （ B） public （ C） publican （ D） publication 38 【 C8】 （ A） cons
24、ult （ B） convert （ C） convict （ D） convince 39 【 C9】 （ A） on （ B） out （ C） through （ D） for 40 【 C10】 （ A） so （ B） such （ C） how （ D） what 41 【 C11】 （ A） kind （ B） sort （ C） variety （ D） difference 42 【 C12】 （ A） including （ B） involving （ C） included （ D） involved 43 【 C13】 （ A） blood pressure （ B）
25、 pressure （ C） indigestion （ D） high fever 44 【 C14】 （ A） However （ B） Also （ C） Therefore （ D） So 45 【 C15】 （ A） similar （ B） same （ C） lower （ D） fewer 46 【 C16】 （ A） calculated （ B） tested （ C） mentioned （ D） measured 47 【 C17】 （ A） switched （ B） shut （ C） ate （ D） directed 48 【 C18】 （ A） in （ B）
26、 out （ C） up （ D） over 49 【 C19】 （ A） what （ B） which （ C） a （ D） the 50 【 C20】 （ A） through （ B） to （ C） by （ D） for 三、 Reading Comprehension 50 When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find
27、ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it
28、is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread. The process of vaccination allows the patients body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it off naturall
29、y. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his bodys immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the diseases defenses is transmitted to all elements of the pa
30、tients immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before. There are d
31、angers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patients death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradica
32、te the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10, 000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United
33、 States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americans would be left dead. Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccina
34、tions may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a blessing, may indeed hide some hidden cures. 51 How do vaccines protect humans from diseases according to Paragraph two? （ A） By training the immune system to fight weaker versions of the disease. （
35、 B） By passing information on how to fight the disease to the immune system. （ C） By weakening the disease so that the immune system can defeat it. （ D） Introducing the disease to the body, so that survivors have already fought it. 52 What does the example of the smallpox vaccine illustrate? （ A） Th
36、e way that vaccines protect people from diseases. （ B） The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain diseases. （ C） The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease. （ D） The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines. 53 The author argues that vaccinations are both a bl
37、essing and a curse because_. （ A） saving the many would not necessarily justify the death of the few （ B） some vaccines, such as the smallpox vaccine, have negative side effects （ C） they dont always work （ D） while many lives are saved, some are actually killed by the vaccine 54 The best title for
38、the passage would be_. （ A） The Smallpox Vaccine: An Analysis （ B） How Vaccines Work （ C） Vaccines: Methods and Implications （ D） A Warning on the Negative Side Effects of Vaccines 55 The main purpose of the passage is to_. （ A） convince the reader that vaccines are not as safe as many think （ B） ed
39、ucate the reader on how vaccines are used and some of their dangers （ C） educate the reader on the circumstances that would necessitate widespread vaccinations （ D） present the method by which vaccines are used through the case of the smallpox vaccine 55 Few natural dangers are more feared than aval
40、anches. Avalanches are a familiar part of European history. Particularly in the Swiss and French Alps. This is where the direction of wars has turned almost instantly because of avalanches wiping out invading armies. In North America, avalanches are limited almost entirely to the Rocky Mountains and
41、 the lower ranges to the west, the Sierra Nevadas and the Cascades. Avalanches have occurred in the mountains of New England but not with the regularity and intensity seen in the western mountains. Several methods are used in explaining and predicting avalanches. Scientists are learning about them u
42、sing research methods. So many of the factors that create avalanches are hidden beneath the snows surface that predictions are still largely guesswork. Therefore, winter travelers must assume the worst of conditions when they traverse the slopes. An avalanche occurs when a given amount of snow becom
43、es too heavy for whatever is holding it in place. It then breaks loose and slides downhill. Avalanches are divided into two general categories, loose snow and slab. A loose snow avalanche usually starts at a single point, such as a skiers track, and spreads out like a fan or a pyramid in a chain rea
44、ction. One crystal breaks another free, which multiples as the loose snow moves downhill. Sometimes these avalanches stop after only a few feet. Sometimes they move thousands of tons of snow downhill in speeds up to 300 miles per hour. This creates a shock wave that can flatten parts of a forest tha
45、t are not even touched by the actual avalanche. Stab avalanches are those that have a wide area of snow which breaks loose in a large piece. These can range in size from just a few square feel to thousands of square feet of snow. The most dangerous and common type of avalanche for skiers is the so-c
46、alled “soft slab“ avalanche. This type occurs most often during, or just after a heavy snowfall. The snow hasnt yet had a chance to settle and adhere to the existing snow. The heavier and the wetter the snow and the colder the temperature, the less likely the new snow will form a bond with the exist
47、ing snow. 56 What would be the best title for this passage? （ A） Avalanches （ B） The History of Avalanches （ C） Skiers Beware （ D） Avalanches Can Kill 57 According to the passage, how did avalanches affect wars? （ A） They hid the armies approaching the city aiding in the attack. （ B） They killed the
48、 armies approaching the city. （ C） They blocked paths into the city. （ D） They snowblinded the approaching armies. 58 According to the passage, what must skiers assume about avalanches when skiing? （ A） They only have to worry after a heavy snowfall. （ B） Avalanches only occur in the Swiss or French
49、 Alps. （ C） They should always expect that an avalanche will occur. （ D） When skiing in New England, they will never have to worry about an avalanche. 59 According to the passage, when is the most dangerous time for skiers? （ A） When the temperature is below 20 degrees F. （ B） Right before a snowstorm. （ C） During
