1、2012年山东省成人本科英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corre
2、sponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 0 For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their main enemy is the sea. A large part of the country is below sea level. In fact, Holland is also called the “Netherlands“ which means “low land“. Ve
3、ry tall and strong walls, called dykes, have built to keep out the sea. But in very rough weather the sea may suddenly burst through a dyke. Great damage can be caused by floods when this happens. Three large rivers are also part of the problems. These rives are the Rhine, the Maas and the Scheldt.
4、They follow through the Holland into the North Sea. They have cut many passages across the country. At low tides, the rivers flow into the sea as usual. But at high tide, the sea can flow into the rivers! This is because the land is so low. The battles against the water never end, hut they made Holl
5、and a bigger and bigger country. In order to prevent floods, the engineers take or reclaim land that was under water. The Dutch have been reclaiming land for seven hundred years. Land is usually reclaimed from a passage between islands, two dykes are built across the passage, so they block the water
6、 between them. Then the engineers dig long canals and pump the water into them. At low tide, the canals empty the water into the sea. Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. For this reason, the pumps continue working even the land has been drained(t
7、hat is, when the water has been pumped away). The dykes contain gates, and through these water is pumped out. In many parts of Holland, pumps must be working all the time. If they stopped, there will be very bad floods. 1 Water is the main threat to Holland because_. （ A） the sea is too rough （ B） t
8、he land is lower than the sea （ C） the high and strong dykes can not keep the floods out （ D） the weather is too rough 2 “Netherlands“ means _. （ A） high land （ B） land of water （ C） low land （ D） land of dykes 3 Holland is threatened not only by the sea, but also by_. （ A） the floods from broken dy
9、kes （ B） the three rivers （ C） the sea tides （ D） many passages the three rivers have cut across the country 4 The Holland claim land from the sea in order to_. （ A） prevent floods （ B） make their country larger （ C） make their country more beautiful （ D） have more farmland 5 If pumps stop working t
10、here will be very bad floods because_. （ A） the water will run back at high tide （ B） the sea may break the dykes in rough weather （ C） the battle against water will never end （ D） the land is too low and water can rise up through the drained land 5 The city has always been an engine of intellectual
11、 life, from the 10-century cafes of London, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modern art. Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare. And yet, city life isnt easy. Now scientist
12、s have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing. Just being in the urban environment, they have found, impairs(损害 )our basic mental processes. After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory and suffers fro
13、m reduced self-control. While its long been recognized that city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that cities actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so. One of the main forces at work is a complete lake of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain. Studies have
14、 demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn. Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they
15、 provided a mental break from the urban life. This research arrives just as humans cross an important milestone(里程碑 ). For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities. Instead of inhabiting wide-open spaces, were crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions
16、of strangers. In recent years, its become clear that such unnatural surroundings have important implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think. 6 Which of the following is the main idea of this passage? （ A） The city inspires talented people. （ B） The city hur
17、ts your brain. （ C） The city has many pleasures and benefits. （ D） The city seriously affects the natural balance. 7 The word “metropolis“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_. （ A） citizen （ B） nature （ C） city （ D） stress 8 People have just come to realize that _. （ A） human attention
18、is a scarce resource （ B） city life can make people very tired （ C） the city is an engine of intellectual life （ D） an urban environment is damaging to the brain 9 What is the factor mentioned in the third paragraph that helps the hospital patients recover more quickly? （ A） Nature. （ B） Better trea
19、tment. （ C） Experienced doctors. （ D） Good medicine. 10 According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE? （ A） Different aspects(方面 )of an urban environment, such as the crowded street, can lead to an increase in self-control. （ B） Small changes in urban design cannot reduce the ne
20、gative side effects of city life. （ C） For the first time in history, the earths population is more urban than rural. （ D） A walk down a busy city street will improve brain performance. 10 My father was a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in Rio piedras, Puerto Rico. My first job was to drive the o
21、xen that plowed the cane fields. I would behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I
22、had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. Ive never been late for any job since. I also learned about being respectful and loyal to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay. I was only six years old, but I was doing a mans job. Our family needed every dollar we could m
23、ake because my father never earned more than $ 18 a week. Our home was a three-room wood shack with dirty floor and no toilet. Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem, one of the most important things a pers
24、on can have. When I was seven, 1 got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never miss one. Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of d
25、ollars playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle. The more I dreamed, the more I thought, why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and
26、forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity 1 learned working in the field except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick. 11 What was the writers first job? （ A） To stand down the fairway at a golf course. （ B） To spot the balls as they landed so the golfers c
27、ould find them. （ C） To drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields. （ D） To watch the sugar-cane plantation. 12 The word “tedious“ in paragraph 2 most probably means _. （ A） hard （ B） boring （ C） interesting （ D） long 13 What did the write learn about from his first job? （ A） He could work as hard a
28、s possible. （ B） He could go to work on time. （ C） He should never fail to go to work. （ D） He should be respectful and loyal to the people he works for. 14 What gave the writer self-esteem? （ A） Having a big family. （ B） Bringing money back home to help the family. （ C） Helping his father with the
29、work. （ D） All of the above. 15 What was the writers dream while working at a golf course? （ A） Making a lot of money by playing golf. （ B） Becoming a successful golfer. （ C） Running a golf course near his house. （ D） Both A. on （ B） Though; in （ C） Despite; in （ D） Because of; on 34 Scientists say
30、it may be five or six years_this medicine is tested on human beings. （ A） since （ B） before （ C） after （ D） when 35 With larger numbers of graduates than ever before, just having a degree will no longer be enough to make you_ in the crowd. （ A） stand up （ B） stand by （ C） stand for （ D） stand out 36
31、 The doctor tried to do an experiment to find out the_of the medicine one the mice. （ A） cause （ B） result （ C） reason （ D） effect 37 This is only one of the laundries in the district _modem equipment. （ A） that have （ B） which have （ C） that has （ D） what has 38 Skating can be good for you _ correc
32、tly. （ A） though doing （ B） though done （ C） if done （ D） if doing 39 By the end of last week, 611 people from 49 countries_to attend the meeting, with nearly half coming from the United Stales, Germany and Britain. （ A） had registered （ B） have registered （ C） registered （ D） were registered 40 It
33、was suggested that _ big event like the Year of Russia in China should certainly benefit _ relationship between the two countries. （ A） a; the （ B） the; a （ C） a; / （ D） the; / 41 Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _other more well-informed experim
34、enters failed. （ A） as （ B） unless （ C） what （ D） where 42 _ should any money be given to a small child. （ A） On no account （ B） From all accounts （ C） Of no account （ D） By all accounts 43 _ some mammals came to live in the sea is now known. （ A） Which （ B） Since （ C） Although （ D） How 44 _ student
35、 with a little common sense should be able to answer the question. （ A） Each （ B） Any （ C） Either （ D） One 45 _ such a good chance, he planned to learn more. （ A） To be given （ B） Having been given （ C） Having given （ D） Giving 46 _that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much b
36、etter. （ A） For （ B） Now （ C） Since （ D） Despite 47 _ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point. （ A） During the 1960s （ B） That it was in the 1960s （ C） It was in the 1960s （ D） It was the 1960s 48 _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction
37、 sites by 90 percent. （ A） So clever are the construction robots （ B） So clever the construction robots are （ C） Such construction robots are clever （ D） Such clever construction robots are 49 _ the whole, early American city planning was excellent. （ A） In （ B） From （ C） On （ D） Above 50 The teache
38、rs lecture on American history was three hours long, and Mary felt very （ A） upset （ B） bored （ C） disturbed （ D） neglected 51 Her mind was so by the disease that she could not remember what she had done. （ A） acted （ B） influenced （ C） effected （ D） affected 52 Every boy and girl _ not to swim in t
39、he lake, for it is polluted. （ A） has been warned （ B） have been warned （ C） has warned （ D） have warned 53 She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. （ A） it （ B） this （ C） which （ D） that 54 Why cant you do this small _ for me? Ive helped you often enough in the past. （ A） com
40、mand （ B） demand （ C） effort （ D） favor 55 _ he often forgot their wedding anniversary greatly annoyed his wife. （ A） All （ B） What （ C） which （ D） That 56 You screamed in your sleep last night. You _a terrible dream. （ A） must have had （ B） must have （ C） must had had （ D） must have been 57 However
41、 much_, it will be worth the money. （ A） the dictionary costs （ B） costs the dictionary （ C） the dictionary will cost （ D） does the dictionary cost 58 I dont care_or not she will apologize to me. （ A） if （ B） whether （ C） what （ D） which 59 One of my brothers many faults is that he never_ anything v
42、ery long. （ A） decides on （ B） sticks to （ C） goes over （ D） makes up 60 _when she started complaining. （ A） Not until he arrived （ B） Hardly had he arrived （ C） No sooner had he arrived （ D） Scarcely did he arrive 三、 Part IV Cloze (10%) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and
43、for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose ONE answer that best fit into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 60 Recently, one of my best friends, whom Ive shared just abou
44、t everything with since the first day of kindergarten, spent the weekend with me. Since I moved to a new town several years ago, weve both always【 C1】 _the few minutes a year when we can see each other. Over the【 C2】 _, we spent hours and hours, staying up late into the night, talking a-bout the peo
45、ple she was【 C3】 _around with. She started telling me stories about her new boyfriend, about how she experimented with【 C4】 _and was into other【 C5】 _behavior. 1 was blown away! She told me how she had been【 C6】 _to her parents about where she was going and even sneaking out to see this guy because
46、they didnt want her【 C7】 _him. No matter how hard 1 tried to tell her that she【 C8】 _better, she didnt believe me. Her self-respect seemed to have disappeared. I tried to【 C9】 _her that she was ruining her future and heading for big trouble. I felt like I was getting【 C10】 _. I just couldnt believe
47、that she really thought it was acceptable to hang with a hunch of losers, especially her boyfriend. 61 【 C1】 （ A） worried about （ B） booked forward to （ C） paid attention to （ D） think of 62 【 C2】 （ A） weekend （ B） months （ C） years （ D） days 63 【 C3】 （ A） working （ B） falling in love （ C） hanging （
48、 D） keeping in touch 64 【 C4】 （ A） hooks （ B） girls （ C） friends （ D） drugs 65 【 C5】 （ A） self-destructive （ B） self respecting （ C） self-confident （ D） self-defensive 66 【 C6】 （ A） explaining （ B） reasoning （ C） declaring （ D） lying 67 【 C7】 （ A） on （ B） beside （ C） around （ D） to 68 【 C8】 （ A） did
49、 （ B） deserved （ C） had （ D） got 69 【 C9】 （ A） told （ B） convince （ C） force （ D） warn 70 【 C10】 （ A） somewhere （ B） everywhere （ C） nowhere （ D） anywhere Section B Directions: In this part, there are five sentences in Chinese. You should translate them into English. Be sure to write clearly. 71 说实话，直到昨天我才知道他们去上海了。 72 尽管有很多困难，我们仍将继续执行我们的计划。 73
