1、2013年职称英语（综合类） C级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 This was an unexceptionally brutal attack. （ A） open （ B） sudden （ C） cruel （ D） direct 2 The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine. （ A） bottom （ B） surface （ C） top （ D） st
2、ructure 3 Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning. （ A） border （ B） goal （ C） level （ D） peak 4 She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. （ A） passed by （ B） found by chance （ C） took a notice of （ D） woke up 5 She gets aggressive when she is drunk. （ A） worr
3、ied （ B） sleepy （ C） anxious （ D） offensive 6 I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me. （ A） threw （ B） broke （ C） stretched （ D） seized 7 I tried to detach myself the reality of these terrible events. （ A） separate （ B） bring （ C） put （ D） set 8 It seemed incredible that he had been there
4、a week already. （ A） right （ B） obvious （ C） unbelievable （ D） unclear 9 “There is no other choice“, she said in a harsh voice. （ A） unkind （ B） firm （ C） soft （ D） deep 10 We found shelter from the rain under the trees. （ A） defense （ B） standing （ C） room （ D） protection 11 The odd thing was that
5、he didnt recognize me. （ A） strange （ B） real （ C） whole （ D） same 12 That performance was pretty impressive. （ A） completely （ B） beautifully （ C） very （ D） equally 13 We have to change the publics perception that money is everything. （ A） sight （ B） interest （ C） belief （ D） pressure 14 He was tem
6、pted by the high salary offered by the company. （ A） attracted （ B） taught （ C） kept （ D） changed 15 I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. （ A） at （ B） about （ C） with （ D） from 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请
7、选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Kicking the Habit What is a bad habit? The most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Th
8、ose who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habit are part of what makes us human. Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
9、 habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes “programmed“ into our brain. A recent st
10、udy of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study programme, the researchers sh
11、owed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them. A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told them
12、 to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and the second. Two weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to hav
13、e completely forgotten the second set. The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change our ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more
14、 automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way. The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. This is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we t
15、ry to put new, good intentions into practice, those previously learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory. 16 Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do
16、so. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Bad habits may return when we are under pressure. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Researchers were surprised by the answer that the volunteers gave in the first test. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The volunteers found the test
17、 more difficult when they did it the second time. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of. （ A） Right
18、（ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Pedestrians Only 1. The concept of traffic-free shopping areas goes back a long time. During the Middle Ages, traffic-free shopping are
19、as were built in Middle Eastern countries to allow people to shop in comfort and, more importantly, safety. As far back as 2, 000 years ago, road traffic was banned from central Rome during the day to allow for the free movement of pedestrians(行人 ), and was only allowed in at night when shops and ma
20、rkets had closed for the day. In most other cities, however, pedestrians were forced to share the streets with horses, coaches and, later, with cars and other motorized vehicles. 2. The modem, traffic-free shopping street was born in Europe in the 1960s when both city populations and car ownership i
21、ncreased rapidly. Dirty gases from cars and the risks involved in crossing the road were beginning to make shopping an unpleasant and dangerous experience. Many believed the time was right for experimenting with car-free streets, and shopping areas seemed the best place to start. 3. At first, there
22、was resistance from shopkeepers. They believed that such a move would be bad for business. They argued that people would avoid streets if they were unable to get to them in their cars. When the first streets in Europe were closed to traffic, there were even noisy demonstrations, as may shopkeepers p
23、redicted they would lose customers. 4. However, research carried out afterwards in several European cities revealed some unexpected statistics. In Munich, Cologne and Hamburg, visitors to shopping areas increased by 50percent. On Copenhagens main shopping street, shopkeepers reported sales increases
24、 of 25-40 percent. Shopkeepers in Minneapolis, the USA, were so impressed when they learnt this that they even offered to pay for the construction and maintenance costs of their own traffic-free streets. 5. With the arrival of the traffic-free shopping street, many shops, especially those selling th
25、ings like clothes, food and smaller luxury items, prospered. Unfortunately, it wasnt good news for everyone, as shops selling furniture and larger electrical appliances(电器 )actually saw their sales drop. Many of these were forced to move elsewhere, away from the city centre. A. A need for change B.
26、An idea from ancient history C. Popularity of online shopping D. Facing protest from shop owners E. Increase in sales and customers F. An experiment that went wrong 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A. pedestrians B. North America C. customers D. a bad experience E.
27、Middle Eastern countries F. furniture sellers 27 Traffic-free shopping streets first developed in_. 28 In the 1960s, dirty gases from cars made shopping_. 29 Shopkeepers mistakenly believed that car-free streets would keep away_. 30 The arrival of the traffic-free shopping street made many_ lose the
28、ir business. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 The Development of Ballet Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed. Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissanc
29、e. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented
30、 much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men. It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of
31、France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between ac
32、ts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating. Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined
33、in other European countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City B
34、allet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers. 31 This passage deals mainly with_. （ A） famous names in ballet （ B） Russian ballet （ C） how ballet has developed （ D） why ballet is no longer popular 32 The word “pageants“ in Paragraph 2 means_. （ A） dances （ B） instruction （ C） royal cour
35、ts （ D） big shows 33 Professional ballet was first performed in_. （ A） France （ B） Italy （ C） Russia （ D） America 34 Who had an important influence on early ballet_. （ A） Balanchine （ B） Louis XIV （ C） Antoinette （ D） Diaghilev 35 we can conclude from this passage that ballet_. （ A） will continue to
36、 change （ B） is a dying art （ C） is currently performed only in Russia （ D） is often performed by dancers with little training 35 An Expensive Mistake Is there water on the planet Mars? Is there life in Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these quest
37、ions. They built a spacecraft to travel around Mars and get information. The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter. The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars in December 1998. The trip took nine and a half months. At first, everything was fine. However, when the Orbiter got near Mars, somethin
38、g terrible happened. The spacecraft didnt go to the right place. It went too close to Mars. It was too hot for the Orbiter there. The spacecraft couldnt function correctly. Suddenly, it stopped sending messages to NASA. The Orbiter was lost. How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter
39、get closer to Mars than the scientists planned? Finally, they found the answer. Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter. One team was in England, and one team was in United States. There were many similarities in the way they worked, but there was one important difference; The teams u
40、sed different guidelines for measuring things. The United States team used the metric system(公制 ). The other team used the English system. Because they used different systems, the scientists made a mathematical mistake. The Orbiters orbit(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct
41、. The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path. The Orbiter got too close and too hot. And it stopped functioning. Why didnt anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem. One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spa
42、cecrafts at the same time. This was a challenge, and they were very tired from working long hours. The Mars Climate Orbiter cost $ 94 million to build. It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Orbiter in space. In addition, NASAs research on the cause of the problem was very expensive. Th
43、is wasnt the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects. However, the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all! 36 NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to get information about （ A） possible life on Mars. （ B） the size of Mars
44、. （ C） the shape of Mars. （ D） the atmosphere of Mars. 37 How long did it take the Orbiter to get close to Mars? （ A） One year. （ B） Less than one year. （ C） About two and a half year. （ D） More than three years. 38 When did the Orbiters problem begin? （ A） Right after it left for Mars. （ B） When it
45、 got near Mars. （ C） Right after it landed on Mars. （ D） When it returned to Earth. 39 What caused the Orbiters problem. （ A） Scientists used wrong guidelines of mathematics （ B） Scientists used wrong building materials. （ C） Scientists used different operating systems. （ D） Scientists used differen
46、t measurement systems. 40 Why didnt NASA scientists identify the problem before the Orbiter left for Mars （ A） they didnt know the English system. （ B） they were sure of the success of the trip. （ C） they didnt get enough research funding. （ D） they were tired from working long hours. 40 Operation M
47、igration If you look up at the sky in the early fall in the northern part of North America, you may see groups of birds. These birds are flying south to places where they can find food and warmth for the winter. They are migrating(迁徙 ). The young birds usually learn to migrate from their parents. Th
48、ey follow their parents south. In one unusual case, however, the young birds are following something very different. These birds are young whooping cranes, and they are following an airplane! The whooping crane is the largest bird that is native to North America. These birds almost disappeared in th
49、e 1800s. By 1941, there were only about 20 cranes alive. In the 1970s, people were worried that these creatures were in danger of disappearing completely. As a result, the United States indenti-fied whooping cranes as an endangered species that they needed to protect. Some researchers tried to help. They began to breed whooping cranes in special parks to increase the number of birds. This plan was successful. There were a lot of new baby birds
