1、2014年 6月大学英语四级真题试卷（三）及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would li
2、ke to take him/her to see and why? Section A （ A） He has proved to be a better reader than the woman. （ B） He has difficulty understanding the book. （ C） He cannot get access to the assigned book. （ D） He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline. （ A） She will drive the man to the supermarke
3、t. （ B） The man should buy a car of his own. （ C） The man neednt go shopping every week. （ D） She can pick the man up at the grocery store. （ A） Get more food and drinks. （ B） Ask his friend to come over. （ C） Tidy up the place. （ D） Hold a party. （ A） The talks can be held any day except this Frida
4、y. （ B） He could change his schedule to meet John Smith. （ C） The first-round talks should start as soon as possible. （ D） The woman should contact John Smith first. （ A） He understands the womans feelings. （ B） He has gone through a similar experience. （ C） The woman should have gone on the field t
5、rip. （ D） The teacher is just following the regulations. （ A） She will meet the man halfway. （ B） She is sorry the man will not come. （ C） She will ask David to talk less. （ D） She has to invite David to the party. （ A） Few students understand Prof. Johnsons lectures. （ B） Few students meet Prof. Jo
6、hnsons requirements. （ C） Many students find Prof. Johnsons lectures boring. （ D） Many students have dropped Prof. Johnsons class. （ A） Check their computer files. （ B） Make some computations. （ C） Study a computer program. （ D） Assemble a computer. （ A） It allows him to make a lot of friends. （ B）
7、It requires him to work long hours. （ C） It enables him to apply theory to practice. （ D） It helps him understand people better. （ A） It is intellectually challenging. （ B） It requires him to do washing-up all the time. （ C） It exposes him to oily smoke all day long. （ D） It demands physical enduran
8、ce and patience. （ A） In a hospital. （ B） At a coffee shop. （ C） At a laundry. （ D） In a hotel. （ A） Getting along well with colleagues. （ B） Paying attention to every detail. （ C） Planning everything in advance. （ D） Knowing the needs of customers. （ A） The pocket money British children get. （ B） T
9、he annual inflation rate in Britain. （ C） The things British children spend money on. （ D） The rising cost of raising a child in Britain. （ A） It enables children to live better. （ B） It goes down during economic recession. （ C） It often rises higher than inflation. （ D） It has gone up 25% in the pa
10、st decade. （ A） Save up for their future education. （ B） Pay for small personal things. （ C） Buy their own shoes and socks. （ D） Make donations when necessary. Section B （ A） District managers. （ B） Regular customers. （ C） Sales directors. （ D） Senior clerks. （ A） The support provided by the regular
11、 clients. （ B） The initiative shown by the sales representatives. （ C） The urgency of implementing the companys plans. （ D） The important part played by district managers. （ A） Some of them were political-minded. （ B） Fifty percent of them were female. （ C） One third of them were senior managers. （
12、D） Most of them were rather conservative. （ A） He used too many quotations. （ B） He was not gender sensitive. （ C） He did not keep to the point. （ D） He spent too much time on details. （ A） State your problem to the head waiter. （ B） Demand a discount on the dishes ordered. （ C） Ask to see the manag
13、er politely but firmly. （ D） Ask the name of the person waiting on you. （ A） Your problem may not be understood correctly. （ B） You dont know if you are complaining at the right time. （ C） Your complaint may not reach the person in charge. （ D） You cant tell how the person on the line is reacting. （
14、 A） Demand a prompt response. （ B） Provide all the details. . （ C） Send it by express mail. （ D） Stick to the point. （ A） Fashion designer. （ B） Architect. （ C） City planner. （ D） Engineer. （ A） Do some volunteer work. （ B） Get a well-paid part-time job. （ C） Work flexible hours. （ D） Go back to her
15、 previous post （ A） Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy. （ B） It will add to familys financial burden. （ C） A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother. （ D） The children wont get along with a baby-sitter. Section C 26 Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school buildin
16、g, is smarter, more【 B1】 _, less afraid of what he doesnt know, better at finding and【 B2】_, more confident, resourceful(机敏的 ), persistent and【 B3】 _than he will ever be again in his schooling or, unless he is very unusual and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying close attention
17、to and【 B4】 _the world and people around him, and without any school-type formal instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and【 B5】 _than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the【 B6】 _of language. He has disco
18、vered it babies dont even know that language exists and he has found out how it works and learnt to use it【 B7】 _. He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, by【 B8】_and seeing whether it works by gradually changing it and【 B9】 _it until it
19、 does work. And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, including many of the【 B10】 _that the schools think only they can teach him, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【
20、B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 The fact is, the world has been finding less oil than it has been using for more than twenty years now. Not only has demand been【 C1】 _, but the oil we have been finding is coming from places that are【 C2】 _to reach. At the same time, more of this newly【
21、C3】 _oil is of the type that requires a greater investment to【 C4】_. And because demand for this precious resource will grow, according to some, by over 40 percent by 2025, fueling the worlds economic【 C5】 _will take a lot more energy from every possible source. The energy industry needs to get more
22、 from existing fields while continuing to search for new【 C6】 _. Automakers must continue to improve fuel efficiency and perfect hybrid(混合动力的 )vehicles. Technological improvements are needed so that wind, solar and hydrogen can be more【 C7】 _parts of the energy equation. Governments need to formulat
23、e energy policies that promote【 C8】 _and environmentally sound development. Consumers must be willing to pay for some of these solutions, while practicing conservation efforts of their own. Inaction is not an【 C9】 _. So lets work together to balance this equation. We are taking some of the【 C10】 _ne
24、eded to get started, but we need your help to go the rest of the way. A)consequently I)feasible B)cultivate J)growth C)declining K)option D)derived L)refine E)difficult M)reserves F)discovered N)soaring G)economically O)steps H)exception 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】
25、 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 I Cry, Therefore I Am A)In 2008, at a German zoo, a gorilla （大猩猩 )named Gana gave birth to a male infant, who died after three months. Photographs of Gana, looking stricken and inconsolable(伤心欲绝的 ), attracted crowds to the zoo. Sad as the scene was, the huma
26、ns, not Gana, were the only ones crying. The notion that animals can weep has no scientific basis. Years of observations by biologists Dian Fossey, who observed gorillas, and Jane Goodall, who worked with chimpanzees(黑猩猩 ), could not prove that animals cry tears from emotion. B)Its true that many an
27、imals shed tears, especially in response to pain. Tears protect the eye by keeping it moist. But crying as an expression of feeling is unique to humans and has played an essential role in human evolution and the development of human cultures. C)Within two days an infant can imitate sad and happy fac
28、es. If an infant does not cry out, it is unlikely to get the attention it needs to survive. Around 3-4 months, the relationship between the human infant and its environment takes on a more organized communicative role, and tearful crying begins to serve interpersonal purposes: the search for comfort
29、 and pacification(抚慰 ). As we get older, crying becomes a tool of social interaction; grief and joy, shame and pride, fear and manipulation. D)Tears are as universal as laughter, and grief is more complex than joy. But although we all cry, we do so in different ways. Women cry more frequently and in
30、tensely than men, especially when exposed to emotional events. Like crying, depression is, around the world, more commonly seen in women than in men. One explanation might be that women, who despite decades of social advances still suffer from economic inequality, discrimination(歧视 )and even violenc
31、e, might have more to cry about. Men not only cry for shorter periods than women, but they also are less inclined to explain their tears, usually shed them more quietly, and tend more frequently to apologize when they cry openly. Men, like women, report crying at the death of a loved one and in resp
32、onse to a moving religious experience. They are more likely than women to cry when their core identities as providers and protectors, as fathers and fighters are questioned. E)People who score on personality tests as more sympathetic cry more than those who are more rigid or have more self-control.
33、Frequency of crying varies widely: some shed tears at any novel or movie, others only a handful of times in their lives. Crying in response to stress and conflict in the home, or after emotional trauma(创伤 ), lasts much longer than tears induced by everyday sadness which in turn last longer than tear
34、s of delight and joy. F)Sadness is our primary association with crying, but the fact is that people report feeling happier after crying. Surveys estimate that 85% of women and 73% of men report feeling better after shedding tears. Surprisingly, crying is more commonly associated with minor forms of
35、depression than with major depression involving suicidal thoughts. G)People widely report that crying relieves tension, restores emotional balance and provides “ catharsis,“ a washing out of bad feelings. The term “ catharsis“ has religious implications of removing evil and sin; its no surprise that
36、 religious ceremonies are, around the world, one of the main settings for the release of tears. H)Crying is a nearly universal sign of grief, though some mourners report that, despite genuine sorrow, they cannot shed tears sometimes even for years after their loved one has gone. Unlike today, when t
37、he privacy of grief is more respected, the public or ceremonial shedding of tears, at the graveside of a spouse or the funeral of a king or queen, was once considered socially or even politically essential. I)Crying has also served other social purposes. Rousseau wrote in his Confessions that while
38、he considered tears the most powerful expression of love, he also just liked to cry over nothing. J)The association of tears with art has ancient roots. The classic Greek tragedies of the fifth century B. C. were primarily celebrations of gods. Tragedies, like poetry and music, were staged religious
39、 events. Even then it was recognized that crying in response to drama brought pleasure. K)I have argued that there are neurobiological(神经生物方面的 )associations linking the arts and mood disorders. When I lecture on crying, I ask my audience to let me know, by a show of hands, which art forms most move
40、them to tears. About 80% say music, followed closely by novels(74%), but then the figures fall sharply, to 43% , for poetry, and 10-22% for paintings, sculpture and architecture. L)The physical act of crying is mainly one of breathing in air, which is why we choke up when we weep. This suggests to l
41、anguage scientists that emotional crying evolved before language, perhaps explaining why tears communicate states of mind and feelings that are often so difficult to express in words. Of course, from an evolutionary perspective, recognition of emotion(usually through facial gesture)was essential for
42、 survival. M)The earliest humans arrived several million years ago, but only 150,000 to 200,000 years ago, did cultures, language, religion and the arts arise. Along the way, tears became more than a biological necessity to lubricate(润滑 )the eye and developed into a sign of intense emotion and a sig
43、nal of social bonding. The development of self-consciousness and the notion of individual identity, or ego; storytelling about the origins of the world, the creation of humanity and life after death; and the ability to feel others sadness all were critical parts of the neurobiological changes that m
44、ade us human. N)More recently, weve learned from neuroscience that certain brain circuits(回路 )are activated(激活 ), rapidly and unconsciously, when we see another in emotional distress. In short, our brain evolved circuits to allow us to experience sympathy, which in turn made civilization, and an eth
45、ics based on sympathy, possible. So the next time you reach a tissue box, or sob on a friends shoulder, or shed tears at the movies, stop and reflect on why we cry and what it means to cry. Because ultimately, while we love to cry, we also cry to love. 47 Nowadays people respect the privacy of grief
46、 more than in the past. 48 Infants cry to attract attention for survival. 49 There is no scientific evidence as yet that animals can shed tears from emotion. 50 Tears can perform certain communicative functions which words cannot. 51 Our ability to experience sympathy is essential to the development
47、 of civilization. 52 People are more inclined to cry when suffering minor forms of depression. 53 Sometimes people cannot cry despite genuine grief. 54 In humans long history, tears have developed an essential role in social relationships. 55 Men are less likely to give reasons for their tears. 56 C
48、rying has long been associated with art. Section C 56 Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smartphones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data, drug information and case studies. But like many cures, this soluti
49、on has come with an unintended side effect: doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments of critical care. A poll showed that half of medical technicians had admitted texting during a procedure. This phenomenon has set off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and medical schools about a problem perhaps best described as “ distracted doctoring. “ In response, some hospitals have begun limiting the use o
