1、2015年职称英语（理工类） C级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The weather last summer was awful. （ A） bad （ B） fair （ C） dry （ D） hot 2 The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. （ A） message （ B） guilt （ C） obligation （ D） punishment 3
2、My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher. （ A） definitely （ B） generally （ C） certainly （ D） greatly 4 There is a need for radical changes in education. （ A） revolutionary （ B） long-term （ C） short-term （ D） systematic 5 It frustrates me that Im not able to put any of my
3、 ideas into practice. （ A） discourages （ B） shows （ C） surprises （ D） frightens 6 I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. （ A） limit （ B） fear （ C） power （ D） fool 7 He tried to assemble his thoughts. （ A） gather （ B） clear （ C） share （ D） spare 8 I am going as a favor to Ann becau
4、se I have to. （ A） partner （ B） help （ C） driver （ D） guide 9 The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. （ A） hide （ B） handle （ C） disclose （ D） establish 10 Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy. （ A） way （ B） factor （ C） objective （ D） source 11 He said some harsh wo
5、rds about his brother. （ A） proper （ B） unkind （ C） normal （ D） unclear 12 Under the terms of the contract, you must give 3 months notice before you leave. （ A） subjects （ B） expressions （ C） words （ D） rules 13 Dont tempt thieves by leaving valuables clearly visible. （ A） alarm （ B） catch （ C） spot
6、 （ D） attract 14 When did you first encounter these difficulties? （ A） create （ B） present （ C） experience （ D） resolve 15 We need to identify the potential problems. （ A） possible （ B） main （ C） immediate （ D） common 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A
7、；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants Children have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school, if their noses inhaled(吸入 )a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. Thats the finding of a new study. Released when things arent
8、burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash. Frederica Perera works at Columbia Universitys Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She researches how exposure to thi
9、ngs in the environment affects childrens health. In a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放 )PAHs into the air and lungs, Pereras team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to p
10、robe(探查 )other sources of PAHs, ones thats would have been hard for an individual to avoid. The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason: Any PAHs in a womans blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated sig
11、ns of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each childs mother a series of questions. These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的 )mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble
12、following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U. S. children has ADHD. Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure,
13、 Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Others had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE. 16 Perera and
14、 her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects physical health. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Nonsmoking mothers were sel
15、ected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The w
16、omen with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-3
17、0题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers 1 New research published today in the journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a materi
18、al that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future. 2 The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton, has fou
19、nd it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing
20、 functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems. 3 Computers currendy use electrons to transfer information and process applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the Internet rely on optical systems; the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are used to send i
21、nformation around the world at the speed of light, but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signal once they reach a computer, causing a significant slowdown in processing. 4 “The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information
22、around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data, “ said project leader, Dr. Richard Curry of the University of Surrey. 5 “This has eluded researchers for decades, but now we have shown how a widely used glass
23、can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as pn-junction devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector something that can carry and interpret optical information. In doing so, this co
24、uld transform the computers of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster speeds. “ 6 The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed and used in next-g
25、eneration computer memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported. A Expectation of the discovery B The problem of current computers C A new finding D The purpose of the research E Public reaction to the discovery F The use of the new material 23 Parag
26、raph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A optical information B processing speeds C electrons D positive charges E data technologies F all-optical systems 27 The result of the research can help computers to increase_. 28 Current computers transfer information using_. 29 The new gl
27、ass material makes it possible to fulfill different computing function_. 30 Glass is used in the research to carry and process_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee? When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usuall
28、y thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠 )of taller indigenous
29、(土生土长的 )trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there arent any trees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for c
30、offee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者 )in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to
31、 grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South
32、 America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade grown“ and “ bird friendly. “ Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I t
33、hink its worth it. 31 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee. （ B） Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce. （ C） Shade-grown coffee is more expensive than sun-grown coffee. （ D） People should buy shade-grown coffee. 32 The function of the word
34、“Traditionally“ in Paragraph 2 is to show_. （ A） the positive effects of coffee （ B） a change of coffee growth （ C） something that is the most important （ D） how coffee production used to be 33 What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about? （ A） More insects. （ B） Better quality coff
35、ee. （ C） Larger farms. （ D） Higher profits. 34 How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee? （ A） They buy more land from other farmers. （ B） They cut down trees. （ C） They move to another country. （ D） They turn grassland into farmland. 35 The full-sun method may affect the following E
36、XCEPT_. （ A） insects （ B） air （ C） birds （ D） humans 35 Soot(煤烟灰 )and Snow: a Hot Combination New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed glob
37、al warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes(维度 )of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. Soot in areas with s
38、now and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increase, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. “This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier. “ s
39、aid Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo(反照率 ), which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice and melting glaciers permafrost. Soot also i
40、s believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. “ Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon, “ Hansen said. Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especia
41、lly effective in warming the worlds climate. “This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude. “ Hansen noted. Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact
42、 that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century. The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high
43、 latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers climate model situations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight. 36 Which of the following statements of soot is NOT true? （ A） It absorbs suns heat. （ B） It
44、 is responsible for climate change. （ C） It reflects sunlight. （ D） It may account for a quarter of global warming over the past century. 37 Which of the following areas shows a greater warming effect? （ A） Ice sea areas. （ B） Areas with black carbon. （ C） Areas covered with white snow. （ D） Melting
45、 glaciers. 38 “This forcing“ in Paragraph 5 refers to_. （ A） suns heating on snow surface （ B） soots increased absorption of solar energy （ C） carbon-dioxides warming effect （ D） snows increased reflection of sunlight 39 What is the main cause of climate warming during the past century? （ A） Soot. （
46、 B） Snow. （ C） Greenhouse gases. （ D） Wind. 40 The largest warming effects happened in the Northern Hemisphere with_. （ A） thin sea ice and insufficient sunlight （ B） light snow cover and sufficient sunlight （ C） heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight （ D） thick sea ice and sufficient sunlight 40
47、A Record-Breaking Rover NASAs Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before at least in terms of distance. Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world. “This is so remarkable consider
48、ing Opportunity was intended to drive about 1 kilometer and was never designed for distance, “ says John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover Project Manager. He works at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. “ But what is really importandy is not how many miles the rover has racked
49、 up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance. “ The solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed on Mars 10 years ago on a mission expected to last 3 months. The objective of the rovers was to help scientists learn more a-bout the planet and to search for signs of life, such as the possible presence of water. Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few months after
