1、GRE（ VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 0 Late-eight
2、eenth-century English cultural authorities seemingly concurred that women readers should favor history, seen as edifying, than fiction, which was regarded as frivolous and reductive. Readers of Marry Ann Hanways novel Andrew Stewart, or the Northern Wanderer, learning that its heroine delights in Da
3、vid Humes and Edward Gibbons histories, could conclude that she was more virtuous and intelligent than her sister, who disdains such reading. Likewise, while the na?ve, novel-addicted protagonist of Jane Austens Northanger Abbey, Catherine Morland, finds history a chore, the sophisticated, sensible
4、character Eleanor Tilney enjoys it more than she does the Gothic fiction Catherine prefers. Yet in both cases, the praise of history is more double-edged than it might actually appear. Many readers have detected a protofeminist critique of history in Catherines protest that she dislikes reading book
5、s filled with men “and hardly any women at all.” Hanway, meanwhile, brings a controversial political edge to her heroines reading, listing the eras two most famous religious skeptics among her preferred authors. While Humes history was generally seen as being less objectionable as his philosophy, th
6、ere were widespread doubts about his moral soundness even as a historian by the time that Hanway was writing, and Gibbons perceived tendency to celebrate classical paganism sparked controversy from the first appearance of his history of Rome. 1 The authors primary purpose is that （ A） the evidence u
7、sed in support of a particular argument is questionable （ B） a distinction between two genres of writing has been overlooked （ C） a particular issue is more complex than it might appear （ D） two apparently different works share common features （ E） two eighteenth-century authors held significantly d
8、ifferent attitudes toward a particular 2 According to the passage, which of the following is true of Humes reputation in the late eighteenth century? （ A） He was more regarded as a historian than Gibbon （ B） His historical writing, like his philosophical writing, came to be regarded as problematic （
9、 C） He was more well-known for his historical writing than for his philosophical writing （ D） His historic writing came to be regarded as morally questionable because of his association with Gibbon （ E） His views about classical paganism brought him disapproval among the general reading public 3 The
10、 highlighted sentence exemplifies which of the following? （ A） Cultural authorities attempt to use novels to support their view about the value of reading fiction （ B） Eighteenth-century women authors attempts to embody in their work certain cultural authorities views about reading （ C） A point abou
11、t the educational value of reading books about history （ D） An instance in which a particular judgment about the value of reading history is apparently presupposed （ E） A challenge to an assumption about eighteenth-century womens reading habits 3 Many theorists now doubt that heat loss from Earths c
12、ore and radioactive decay are sufficient by themselves to produce all the energy driving the tectonic plates whose movements have helped shaped Earths surface. This leaves a loose end in current geological theory. Herbert Shaw argues that because scientists have underestimated the input of substanti
13、al amounts of energy from extraterrestrial impactors (asteroids and comets striking Earth), they have difficulty accounting for the difference between the quantity of energy produced from sources intrinsic to Earth and that involved in plate tectonics. Whereas most geologists have treated the additi
14、on of energy through the bombardment of Earths surface by such impactors as a process separate and independent from the movement of Earths tectonic plates, Shaw asserts that these processes are indivisible. Shaws revolutionary “open-system” view recognizes a continuum between terrestrial and extrate
15、rrestrial dynamics, whereas modern plate tectonic theory, like the classical geology developed during the nineteenth century, is founded on the view that Earths geological features have changed through gradual, regular processes intrinsic to Earth, without reference to unique catastrophic events. Cl
16、assical geology borrowed a decisive, if unspoken, premise from Newtonthe independence of Earths processes from any astronomical context. 4 The author of the passage mentions the “continuum” in order to （ A） point out a relationship between plate tectonics and the nineteenth-century geology （ B） expl
17、ain how a theory of Newtons could influence geology and plate tectonic theory. （ C） distinguish between two sources of energy that contributed to the development of Earths surface. （ D） point out a similarity between the surface of impactors and the surface of Earth. （ E） identify a feature of Shaws
18、 view that deviate from current scientific theories. 5 The passage suggests which of the following about tectonic theory? （ A） It has led scientists to overlook an important contribution to classical geologists from Newton. （ B） It has been more successful than was classical geology in accounting fo
19、r heat loss from Earth core. （ C） It is based on premise about Earths processes discerned in Newtons thought. （ D） It has correctly explained the effects of extraterrestrial impactors on Earths surface. （ E） It corrects a fundamental flaw in classical geology. 5 Some archaeologists speculate that th
20、e Americas might have been initially colonized between 40,000 and 25,000 years ago. However, to support this theory it is necessary to explain the absence of generally accepted habitation sites for that time interval in what is now the United States. Australia, which has a smaller land area than the
21、 United State, has many such sites, supporting the generally accepted claim that the continent was colonized by humans at least 40,000 years ago. Australia is less densely populated (resulting in lower chances of discovering sites) and with its overall greater aridity would have presented conditions
22、 less favorable for hunter-gatherer occupation. Proportionally, at least as much land area has been lost from the coastal regions of Australia because of postglacial sea-level rise as in the United States, so any coastal archaeological record in Australia should have been depleted about as much as a
23、 coastal record in the United States. Since there are so many resource-rich rivers leading inland from the United States coastlines, it seems implausible that a growing population of humans would have confined itself to coasts for thousands of years. If inhabitants were present 25,000 years ago, the
24、 chances of their appearing in the archaeological record would seem to be greater than for Australia. 6 The passage is primarily concerned with （ A） presenting objection to a claim （ B） accounting for an apparent anomaly （ C） Outlining an alternative interpretation （ D） Correcting a particular misco
25、nception （ E） Questioning the validity of a comparison 7 The author of the passage implies that which of the following about 25,000 years ago? （ A） The coastline of the region that is now the United States is longer than it was 40,000 years ago. （ B） Rivers in what is now the United States were nume
26、rous than they are now. （ C） Australia was less densely populated at that time than was the region that is now the United States. （ D） Australias climate was significantly drier than it is now. （ E） Global sea level was lower than it is now. 8 The author of the passage implies that, in what is now t
27、he United States, archaeological evidence of inhabitation in the period from 40,000 to 25,000 years ago is lacking because that region （ A） had its oldest habitation sites inundated following a postglacial rise in sea level （ B） had many resource-rich rivers that facilitated the dispersal of early i
28、nhabitants from an initial concentration in coastal areas （ C） was sparsely populated until about 25,000 years ago （ D） was colonized less than 25,000 years ago （ E） was inhabited only by hunter-gatherers until 25,000 years ago 8 Some historians question the widely held belief that continually impro
29、ving education led to gradual African American empowerment in the southern United States from the late nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. They note that the development of Black educational institutions in the segregated South was never rapid or steady: disparities between Black a
30、nd White schools sometimes grew in the early decades of the twentieth century. And African Americans educational gains did not bring commensurate economic gains. Starting in the 1940s, even as Black and White schools in the South moved steadily toward equality, Black southerners remained politically
31、 marginalized and experienced systematic job discrimination. Although Black schools had achieved near parity with White schools in per capita spending and teachers salaries by 1965, African Americans income still lagged behind that of Whites. Nonetheless, educational progress did contribute toward e
32、conomic and political empowerment. African Americans campaigns to support Black schools fostered a sense of community, nurtured political determination, and often increased literacy. More significantly, politically outspoken Black newspapers achieved record circulation during the 1940s, just as the
33、literacy rate among African Americans approached 90 percent. Finally, the leadership of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s was composed largely of graduates of Black colleges. 9 The passage suggests which of the following about the Civil Rights movement? （ A） It gave rise to a rapid increase in
34、the number of Black newspapers published in the South. （ B） Its political effectiveness was greatly enhanced by the increased circulation of Black newspapers. （ C） Its leadership benefited from improvements in education for African Americans. （ D） It was the force primarily responsible for increasin
35、g per capita spending in Black schools. （ E） It was responsible for changing many historians view of the relation between education and African American empowerment. 10 The author of the passage refers to the fact that “disparities between Black and White schools sometimes grew in the early decades
36、of the twentieth century” most likely in order to （ A） support the argument that the economic struggles of southern Blacks were largely due to educational inequalities （ B） give an example of the differences between Black schools in the early part of the twentieth century and Black schools starting
37、in the 1940s （ C） illustrate the unevenness of the progress made by Black schools in the southern United States （ D） help explain why Black remained politically marginalized and experienced systematic job discrimination in the segregated South （ E） provide evidence that educational progress was a pr
38、econdition for economic progress in the segregated South 11 Which of the following best describes the purpose of the highlighted sentence? （ A） It clarifies a point introduced in the preceding sentence. （ B） It reiterates a point introduced in the first sentence of the passage. （ C） It questions the
39、 accuracy of some of the evidence used to support the argument of the historians. （ D） It introduces a perspective that runs contrary to the view of those who endorse the “belief.” （ E） It qualifies the interpretation made by the historians. GRE（ VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷 4答案与解析 SECTION 3 Directions: Each passa
40、ge in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 A选项中的 a particular argument指的是文化权威们认为 “女
41、人应该多读历史 ”的观点， evidence指的是第二、三句。本文是驳论文，用于 反驳这两个例子，因此 A正确。 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第七句中， Hume的哲学是 objectionable容易被反驳的，同时他的历史的道德完整性受到了普遍质疑，因此 Hume的哲学和历史都是有问题的， B正确。 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 高亮句子中，只能看出 Hanway小说中的女主人公喜欢读历史，但是读者们却一厢情愿地认为读历史的女主人公更高尚，这种对于读历史的价值判断很明显是提前设定的。于是 D正确。 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 【
42、知识模块】 阅读中文章 4 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 根据文章，当前的科学理论认为 E 板块 =E 内 ，而 Shaw的观点与之背离，背离之处在于 Shaw认为地球内部和外部是一个整体，即 continuum，因此 E正确。 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 板块构造理论持有的观点是 E 板块 =E 内 ，根据文章最后一句话，这一观点借鉴了牛顿的前提。 C正确。 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本文为驳论文，反驳的是第一句的观点。 A选项的 claim指代第一句的观点。因此 A正确。 【知识模块】 阅读中
43、文章 7 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 C选项容易误选。原文第四句中 Australia is less densely populated的时态是现在时，因此关于人口密度，文章只告诉了我们澳大利亚今天的人口密度比美国的低，但由此看不出 25， 000年前的情况。另外，文中结论也告诉我们， 25， 000年前美洲没有人居住。正确选项是 E，因为第五句告诉我们，海平面上升了，所 以海平面在 25， 000年前比现在更低。 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据本文最后的结论，美洲之所以没有遗址，是因为在 40， 000年到 25， 000年之前没有人居住，因此人类的
44、居住只能发生在晚于 25， 000年前。 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题同义改写最后一句。民权运动的领导者很多都是黑人大学的毕业生，即领导集体获益于教育的改善。 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 10 【正确 答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题为句子功能题，正确答案是定位处的 3s版本。本题定位点在第二句， 3s版本是黑人学校和白人学校之间发展差异大。因此 C正确。 【知识模块】 阅读中文章 11 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 本题定位点是第五句。 nonetheless开头，证明本句话会起到反驳的作用，同时反驳的是历史学家的观点，因此 E正确。 【知识模块】 阅读中文章
